Zhangshu Acropolis site

Zhangshu Acropolis site

Zhuweicheng site is a late Neolithic site in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River in the Yangtze River Basin of China. There are also remains of the bronze age. Located in the east of Qingjiang City, Jiangxi Province. In 1974 and 1977, Jiangxi Provincial Museum, Peking University, Xiamen University and other units carried out two excavations. The lower and middle layers belong to the late Neolithic period, while the upper layer includes Shang, Western and Eastern Zhou relics. The excavation of the site provides information for the study of the features and development of the late Neolithic culture in the lower reaches of Ganjiang River, the connotation of the early geometric impression pottery remains, and the relationship with the Bronze Age culture of Shang and Zhou dynasties.

name

Located at the north foot of Yuhua scenic spot in Zhangshu City, hongguangtang village, Daqiao Township, is a national key cultural relics protection unit. The site was discovered in October 1947. It is a typical late Neolithic site in the "core" area of Jiangnan Yinwen pottery site. It is named after "building a city for self-defense".

brief introduction

The city wall is 410 meters wide from east to west and 36 meters long from north to south. The highest part of the city wall is more than 20 meters and the site area is about 14 hectares. It is one of the earliest Neolithic sites excavated in Jiangxi. After two excavations by Peking University and provincial and municipal experts, the upper cultural level is equivalent to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, belonging to the slave society, while the lower cultural level is equivalent to the late Neolithic age, belonging to the end of the primitive society. It is a primitive village 4500 years ago, belonging to the patriarchal clan society.

There are stone axes, stone shovels, pottery pots, pottery pots and other relics in the site, as well as pillar holes in house foundations and square cellars. Nowadays, there are many tourists, experts and scholars from home and abroad who come here to visit and study ancient China.

ruins

Among the tools unearthed in the lower and middle layers, the most are stone arrowheads, as well as a small number of stone shovels, stone knives, stone fragments and pottery net pendants. Stone knife has many shapes, such as rectangular perforation, half moon perforation and triangle with long handle, to adapt to different uses. The lower pottery is mainly composed of red pottery with sand, grey brown pottery with sand and polished black pottery. In the middle layer, most of them are sandy and argillaceous gray brown pottery, and the polished black pottery increases obviously, while the sandy red pottery decreases relatively. The main shapes of the utensils are tripod, tripod, pot, bean, pot, tripod, etc.

Pottery tripods are widely used as cooking utensils, which are basically divided into two types: round bottom pot shaped tripod and straight wall flat bottom plate shaped tripod. The tripod has various forms, with flat tubular foot, rolled edge foot and transverse "t" shaped foot. It is worth noting that there are a few geometric impression pottery in the middle and lower layers.

The temperature of the lower layer is not high, and the checkered pattern, circle pattern and whirlpool pattern are rough and disordered. The number and types of geometric impression pottery in the middle layer increased slightly, with new patterns such as weaving pattern, leaf vein pattern, concentric circle pattern and cloud thunder pattern, especially the appearance of geometric impression hard pottery and glazed pottery, indicating the outstanding progress of pottery making technology.

history

Discover the ancient city

One day in the spring of 1947, when Mr. Yao Huiyuan, an archaeologist from Jiangxi Province, carried out field archaeology in the southeast of Qingjiang County, he found some exquisite stone tools. In the further excavation, the site of Zhuwei city was displayed in front of the world.

Subsequently, the excavation of the ancient city remains is still carried out intermittently. In 1974, the personnel of Jiangxi Provincial Museum, Qingjiang County Museum, and the teachers and students of archaeology major of History Department of Peking University jointly carried out the first scientific excavation, and the excavation results were highly praised by the archaeologists. Then in 1977, with the participation of the teachers and students of archaeology major of history Department of Xiamen University, Jiangxi Provincial Museum and Qingjiang County Museum organized personnel to carry out the second scientific excavation The two excavations revealed a total area of 566 square meters. Because of its strong regional characteristics, Zhuwei city has gradually attracted the attention of archaeology circles.

These two excavations unearthed a large number of cultural relics, relics, unearthed stone tools such as axes, knives, shovels, pottery tripod, pot, plate, jar, pottery spinning wheel, pottery net pendant, etc. There are more than 30 pillar holes in the house foundation, roasted red burnt soil blocks, and hard surface paved with smooth pebbles. Among them, there are 16 choppers, 12 stone excavators and 8 scrapers. The unearthed marks of these implements are that the residents of Zhuwei city were still in the primitive agricultural stage of "slash and burn cultivation", and the ancestors lived a life of agriculture as the main part, supplemented by fishing and hunting economy. There are a large number of net pendant and stone unearthed, which indicates that fishing and hunting still occupied a certain position at that time, and had pottery and textile handicraft industry, which was in the patriarchal clan society.

According to this, the relevant experts assert that: the original villages appeared in Zhangshu area 4500 years ago, and the zuweicheng site includes the cultural accumulation of the Neolithic age, Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, which is a typical heritage with the longest duration and rich cultural accumulation among the pre Qin sites in China. It is of great significance for the establishment of Jiangxi and even South China's pre Qin archaeological chronology.

Won the title of "Guobao"

Although zhuweicheng site was discovered very early, due to various reasons, zhuweicheng site has been unknown, so many people were surprised that it was approved as "national protection" (national key cultural relics protection unit) by the State Administration of cultural relics in 2001. What's more, the archaeologists in Jiangxi Province were surprised that this honor actually benefited from a photo. According to reports, due to the limited area and research depth of Zhuwei city for many years, and the lack of information, the declaration text of the site is relatively thin, and the photo information is only an aerial photo. Therefore, when applying for the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics and Zhangshu City declared with the feeling that it is difficult to predict the number. They did not have much expectation, and expected that the best result would be as a subsidiary project of the existing "national protection" - Wucheng site in Zhangshu City. No one thought that it was the only aerial photo that surprised the national experts. Professor Li boqian, the chief scientist of the ninth five year plan national key scientific and technological research subject - "China Xia Shang Zhou dating project", held this photo and said: "the Acropolis is so complete and magnificent, even if it is only an ancient city in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, it is amazing, not to mention it has many earlier relics." Experts agree that it is one of the most complete ancient cities in China, and list it as "national protection".

Eternal mystery

When visiting the ancient city, I feel that there are always huge doubts lingering, but before I have time to think about it, the local people told the reporters about the three oddities of the Acropolis: the Acropolis is not very high when you look far away, but the closer you get to it, the higher the wall is. When you stand on the Acropolis wall and look north, you can see that it is as steep as the surrounding terrain Strange; on the city wall, when you look around the city, you can see the whole scenery. You can feel that the Acropolis is very small, but you can't walk in an hour when you really go to the city. These two strange things; the third strange thing is the ancient sacrificial platform site in the southwest of the city. Here, the reporter saw a kind of unique grass, dug out a tree, but saw straight roots and needle like leaves. Under the touch of his hand, there was a tingling feeling, a bit like Pine needles. It's strange that this kind of grass only grows in the sacrificial platform, and can't be found anywhere else in the city. These strange places undoubtedly add another mystery to the Acropolis. The mystery of building the Acropolis is not only unimaginable, but also imaginative: she is like an old man sleeping for thousands of years, lying quietly on the fertile land of central Jiangxi, leaving many unsolved mysteries to the world. However, we believe that with the continuous excavation and research of cultural relics, she will wake up one day. At that time, we may be able to vaguely hear the distant and beautiful history from her gossiping, and appreciate the ancient wasteland and pride

Main landscape

From a distance, you can see the Acropolis, and the earth built city wall towering in the vast green countryside, full of the mysterious feeling of ancient city. Walking slowly into the city, I feel the ancient city is sleeping. It's as quiet as a cough, which will disturb its dream. Along the ancient river, ancient streets, earth walls, and "ash pits" (in archaeological terms, where the ancient people buried their wastes) come to our eyes. It is clear that ancient people have multiplied generation after generation here. Turn around the ancient river, go to the living area of the ancestors, touch the historical scars of the ancient street; go through the inner city wall, go to the sacrificial altar in the city, listen to the ancient voice. In the east of the city, pottery kiln remains are scattered with artifacts that symbolize ancient civilization. The local people are proud to say that they can find antiquities with a shovel in the city, which is quite like the fact that Qin bricks and Han tiles can be found everywhere in Xianyang.

This is a large-scale city site more than 4000 to 2000 years ago. Although there are many remnant walls in the green fields, the building of the Acropolis still reflects the momentum of that year. In this mysterious land, we can easily touch the remains of the ancestors in the south of the Yangtze River, and then we can touch the desolation of ancient times. According to the records of Qingjiang county annals in the ninth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, "the villagers built the city to protect themselves", so it got its name. The whole site of Zhuwei city is a square layout with a large scale and well preserved. It is 410 meters wide from east to west and 360 meters long from north to south, covering an area of about 140000 square meters. The highest part of the remnant wall of the ancient city is about 20 meters, and the lowest part is 6-8 meters. The walls were rammed with mud and sand, and the remnant walls were covered with weeds, which were enough to hold three or four people in a row. Along the top of the wall, the gap seems to be the gate site, with six gates. The city is relatively flat and vast land, and there are sacrificial houses and sites in the southwest.

"From the layout of the site of Zhuwei City, it is adjacent to Xiangxi River, a tributary of Ganjiang River, in the north and the vast area in the south

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Shu Zhu Wei Cheng Yi Zhi