Huamulan Temple

Mulan Temple

synonym

Huamulan Temple generally refers to Mulan Temple (a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level in Henan Province)

Mulan temple, formerly known as "Mulan Temple", also known as "Xiaolie general temple", commonly known as "Xiaoer Temple", is located in Yingguo Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province (now Mulan town). It is a memorial hall for Mulan. It is 2.5km away from Mulan station of Beijing Kowloon Railway. It is one of the key tourist attractions listed in the first phase by Henan Provincial People's government and a key cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province.

Mulan temple in Yucheng County existed in Tang Dynasty and was rebuilt in Jin, yuan and Qing Dynasties. Mulan Temple used to cover an area of more than 10000 square meters, including gate, main hall, offering hall, back building and accessory room. After the war, the ancestral hall was destroyed, and two surviving monuments were connected, which recorded Mulan's life experience, British achievements and the situation of repairing ancestral hall in the past dynasties. Mulan temple is opposite to Huamulan cemetery, in which there is Huamulan tomb and his parents' tomb.

For more than a thousand years, on Mulan's birthday, on the eighth day of the fourth month of the old calendar, local officials led the old people to pay homage to their ancestors and educate their descendants. Later, it became a three-day temple fair around the eighth day of April every year. People from Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces came to the fair to burn incense and trade.

Historical evolution

It is not known when the Mulan temple in Yucheng was built. According to the literature, there was a Mulan temple in Yingguo town in the Tang Dynasty, which was called "Mulan Temple" at that time.

During the reign of Taihe in the Jin Dynasty (1201-1208), the commander of Dunwu academy returned to Wuda sahushi, the wine capital supervisor of Yingcheng Town, Shuxian County, tefugu, to rebuild three main halls and three sacrificial halls, and to make a statue of Mulan.

In the second year of Yuantong (1334) of Yuan Dynasty, Liang Siwen, the official of guide government, proposed to collect 2500 Guan for renovation and expansion.

In 1806, the monks of Mulan temple, such as Jianke and jianrang, raised money again to build the temple and erect a monument.

By the 1940s, Mulan temple had an area of more than 10000 square meters, more than 120 buildings of various types, 400 mu of temple land and more than 10 Abbot monks. Inside and outside the temple wall, there are cypress and locust trees. On both sides of the gate corridor, there is a clay high horse. In the main hall, there is a statue of Magnolia boudoir dress, in the Xian hall, there is a statue of Magnolia military dress, and in the back floor, there is a statue of Magnolia family. Inside and outside the ancestral hall, there are ancient officials, celebrities writing, writing poems, painting and calligraphy and more than 60 incense steles. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar (Mulan's birthday), the local government leads the villagers to come to offer sacrifices. Later, it develops into an ancient incense festival for five consecutive days, receiving more than 100000 guests every day.

In 1943, Mulan temple was destroyed in the war. There are two monuments in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.

In 1992, the people's Government of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, in order to protect the historical relics of more than 1000 years, spent money to rebuild Mulan temple. In line with the principle of repairing the old as before, the original historical style of Mulan temple was basically restored on the basis of historical relics.

Mulan temple covers an area of 160 mu, with a total investment of 50.5 million yuan. With an investment of 3.5 million yuan, Huamulan temple, Huamulan culture square and Huamulan cemetery have been built, which are open to tourists.

In 1999, Mulan temple was designated as the patriotic education base of Henan Province by the Propaganda Department of Henan provincial Party committee.

In 2000, the State Post Office held the launching ceremony of "Mulan joined the army" commemorative stamps here. There are four stamps for Mulan joining the army, which are "Mulan textile", "Mulan joining the army", "Mulan battle" and "Mulan returning home". The stamps are designed in the form of Folk Shadow Puppet and paper-cut, with the thread bound book sample of the whole poem Mulan as the background, artistically representing the glorious image of the ancient heroine Hua Mulan. It was jointly designed by famous stamp designers Huang Li and Guo Tianhui.

In 2001, Mulan temple was approved by Shangqiu Municipal People's government as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shangqiu City.

In 2008, Mulan temple was listed as the fifth batch of key cultural relics protection units in Henan Province by Henan Provincial People's government.

geographical environment

Mulan temple is located in dazhouzhuang village, yingkuo town (now Mulan town), 35 km south of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. It is located in the eastern plain of Henan Province and has a temperate monsoon climate.

Scenic spots

There are six scenic spots in Mulan Temple scenic area, including Hua Mulan temple, Hua Mulan former residence, Hua Mulan garden, Hua Mulan culture square, Hua Mulan martial arts school, Hua Mulan Mausoleum (including Hua Mulan tomb and Hua Mulan parents' tomb).

architectural composition

From north to south, Mulan Temple scenic area is ancestral hall area, cultural square area and cemetery area. In the center of the gate of Mulan temple is a Huamulan stone statue with military uniform and jumping horse. To the west of the temple is the poem wall of Mulan CI written by Chairman Mao Zedong. In front of the Mulan temple, there is a building imitating the solemn, simple and elegant style of the Tang Dynasty, on which three big characters "Mulan Temple" are written. This is inscribed by Mr. Qian Weichang, former vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee.

At the end of a corridor in the middle between the two steles is the Mulan temple, also known as Xiaolie general temple, which is hidden in the green pines, magnolias and fragrant flowers. The main hall of the ancestral hall is 16 meters high and is a brick, wood and cement imitation of the Tang Dynasty. The design is characterized by its open and solid, solemn and generous, simple and bright colors, high pillars and flying eaves, artistic processing and structural modeling. The architectural components embody the perfect combination of strength and beauty. Walking into the temple, in the middle of the hall is a tall statue of Mulan in military uniform. Mulan was dressed in gold armor, yellow and brown hat and green robe.

On the left is a group of statues of Mulan's expedition. On the right is the statue of "Mulan returned to his hometown": Marshal he, General Liu and Xiaowei all have distinctive armor. The two groups of statues are based on Mulan poem and drama works.

On the three walls of Mulan temple, there are 24 large-scale murals made according to the famous painter Liu Danzhai's series of pictures of Mulan joining the army, which reproduce the story and plot of Mulan joining the army.

Mulan temple is opposite to Mulan mausoleum. There is an open pool in Mulan mausoleum. The water in the pool has dried up, and there is a beautiful yellow wildflower field. Behind the pool are two cemeteries, one is Mulan's parents' joint tomb, and the other is general Xiaolie's tomb.

Evidence from memorial tablet

There are two monuments in Mulan Temple of Shangqiu

Yitong is a stele named "distinguishing and correcting the statue of general Xiaolie's ancestral hall" set up in the second year of Yuantong (1334) of the Yuan Dynasty. The stele contains the confirmation of Mulan's identity, the seal of general Xiaolie and the full text of Mulan CI. The stele of "distinguishing the statue of general Xiaolie" stands in the east of the gate of the temple. The stele is a blue stone, 3.6 meters high and 1 meter wide. The front and back of the stele head are two dragon Yunli opera beads with deep relief. The layout is symmetrical and the shape is generous. The seal character title is "distinguishing and correcting the statue of general Xiaolie's ancestral hall". The four sides of the tablet are engraved with patterns. On the top of the tablet, there are two dragons playing with pearls. The dragon's head is large and lifelike, and the dragon's body is simple and small. It is vivid and wonderful to penetrate the flowing clouds. The peony patterns are engraved on both sides. The lines are lively and smooth, simple and not vulgar. The inscription is 31 lines, full of 68 words. The inscription is exquisite, vigorous and powerful. Turtle seat 0.7 meters high, turtle shaped head straight tail, limbs half curved, like up like lying, lifelike. Inscriptions: in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, his ancestral home was guide, Tang delishi, Hou Youzao, Li Kejun and Li Ying in Caozhou. The stele was identified by experts as a genuine stone carving of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1982, funded by the Provincial Bureau of literature and art, the stele tower was rebuilt with a sedan shaped roof, four ridges on the top, tile corners, 17 story eaves, front and rear garden doors. It is simple and elegant, and surrounded by walls.

According to the expert's appraisal, this stele is a genuine stone carving of Yuan Dynasty. In 1982, the stele tower was rebuilt with funds from the Henan Provincial Administration of cultural relics. The top of the stele tower is a sedan car, with four ridges on the top, with tile corners, 17 stories of eaves, and walls around the stele tower.

The other is the monument of "distinguishing the wrong name of general Xiaolie" erected in 1806. The monument of "distinguishing the wrong name of general Xiaolie" stands on the west side of the gate of the temple. Its height is 2.14M, width is 0.78m, square seat, and its forehead is engraved with deep relief Pan Long, seal inscription, and inscription. The inscription is written by Meng Yuqian, Xiangsheng of Shangqiu County, guide County, Meng Yuhe Shudan, a college student of Shangqiu County, guide County, and Zhang Zhanyu, a stone Carver of Mangshan Mountain.

Documentation

According to historical records and legend, Hua Mulan's hometown is in Yingkou Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu City.

According to the inscription of Yuan Dynasty "the identification and correction of the statue of general Xiaolie's ancestral hall", general Wei's family is a chuzi, whose name is Mulan, and he is also a Qiao person of Bo. According to the legend, Khan recruited soldiers. He was filial to his father and his younger brothers and sisters were childish. Wear armour, tie Gao, fight, jump horse, gallop spirit attack bitter, blunt file military array, courage is not bad, people don't peep not male also. Over the years, there are eight battles in ten battles, and twelve turns in CE Xun. The emperor was pleased with his bravery and gave him a Book of honor. If long Chong doesn't go, he will play the role of saving relatives. Support soldiers also Qiao, create father room, release military clothes, Fu boudoir makeup. All the cases were appalled, saying that since the beginning of the people's lives, they have not been covered. In order to strange things in the court, called to the que. In order to be admitted to the palace, the general said, "I can't compare with the monarch's etiquette." He refused by oath of death. He was forced to commit suicide, so he had the posthumous title of "Xiaolie". Sun Sirong, the shogunate officer who returned to Germany in the winter of the reign of kuihai, came from Han Yanju, a Confucianist in Wanzhou Prefecture. According to the finished records, it is said that the appearance of the ancient wanmiao temple was destroyed when it was five years old. Suiyang is 80 Li from the south to the East. It is called Yingguo, which is the ancient bofangyu. It was the site of Xiaolie. They also built ancestral temples like local people and offered sacrifices on April 8. "

Chinese PinYin : Hua Mu Lan Ci