Bawangling Forest Nature Reserve

Bawangling Forest Nature Reserve

Bawangling mountains stretch across the borders of Changjiang, Baisha, Ledong and Dongfang. The total area of Bawangling is more than 1.17 million mu. Among them, there are hundreds of meters to more than 1000 meters high peaks. The peaks and peaks are juxtaposed. The primeval forest is complicated, the vegetation is magnificent, and the exotic trees and vines compete for prosperity and green. It is an ideal place for forest tourism. Overlooking Bawangling, Bawangling Nature Reserve is located at the junction of Baisha and Ledong counties, covering an area of about 35000 mu. Due to the unique natural conditions, the natural ecosystem is well preserved, with a variety of rare animals and plants, it is one of the most abundant tropical biological resources in China.

geographical environment

Bawangling Forest Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province. Mt. hutouling, the main peak of the reserve, is 1441 meters above sea level. The second is Bawangling, 1390 meters above sea level. It's extremely hot and humid, with multi-level trees competing to grow, preserving the original tropical rainforest environment.

Changjiang Li Autonomous County has a typical tropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 24.3 ℃, no winter in the whole year and sufficient sunshine. The average annual sunshine is 2000-6000 hours, and the average annual precipitation is 1676 mm. The rainfall distribution is 1600-1800 mm in Southeast mountainous areas and 900-1200 mm in North and South coastal areas. The rainy season and typhoon season are from May to October every year.

natural resources

Botany

Bawangling is a world of plants, with 80.5% forest coverage and more than 600 kinds of wood species. There are as many as 27 kinds of rare tree species listed as national key protection and forbidden cutting. Among more than 200 kinds of tropical plants, 29 kinds of rare plants are listed as national key protection objects. It has tens of thousands of hectares of tropical virgin forest, including tropical lowland rain forest, valley rain forest, mountain rain forest, mountain evergreen forest and alpine dwarf forest. It represents the basic forest type and woodland type of tropical rain forest in Hainan. There are more than 1400 kinds of original forest trees, including 27 kinds of precious tree species listed as national key protection, such as Aristolochia multiflora, Lu Junsong, etc. Located in the western mountainous area of Bawangling mountains, the top community of Pinus massoniana covers an area of about 300 mu. The trees with diameter at breast height of more than 100 cm are concentrated in the range of 50 mu. Among them, two Pinus massoniana trees with diameter at breast height of 250 cm and 230 cm grow for more than 1600 years and 2000 years respectively. They are regarded as "tree kings" and "tree gods" by people. The academician of Lars Olof Bjorn, who has been to the community, once commented: "I am very grateful to all those who helped me with this wonderful experience. This rainforest is undoubtedly a masterpiece of nature. Bawangling forest is unique, there are many endangered species, I sincerely hope it will be well preserved, so that future people look up to it. Some of the materials used to build the Great Hall of the people and the Tiananmen Gate Tower in the capital came from here.

Among the famous tree species in ancient times, there are Bolei and Zijing, which are hard enough to be nailed down and are known as "green steel"; there are maternal and bitter Jing, which are immortal for a hundred years and extremely tough in material; there are Huali, which is fragrant and never attacked by insects; and there are Cephalotaxus hainanensis, a rare anti-cancer tree species. What's more amazing is that blocking the throat at the sight of blood is the most poisonous plant in the world. If a person has a wound, he will suffocate and die if he accidentally touches it. Keteleeria hainanensis, Cupressus chinensis and Pinus yunnanensis are endemic to Bawangling. At the same time, Bawangling also has three titles of the largest in China: the largest unique natural South Asian pine forest, the largest wild plum sea forest, and the oldest and largest Wild Litchi forest. In 1983, an original Wild Litchi forest was discovered, in which there was a "litchi king", with a DBH of 7.5 meters and an estimated age of more than 1000 years. Such an ancient litchi tree was first discovered in the world. The tropical orchids here have won many awards in the National Orchid Exhibition in recent years. Precious orchids include five lips orchid, ivory orchid, wintersweet orchid, firework orchid, anolan, etc. Some of them grow on the ground, and some are attached to the trunk of the tree. The shapes are amazing.

There are many kinds of plants in the nature reserve. Due to their special ability of survival and reproduction, they often create various wonders of the original green kingdom in the competition with each other.

There is a kind of epiphytic plant called Gaoshan banyan. It produces red and sweet fruit for birds to peck. Birds swallow the fruit and spread the seeds around through feces. In the hinterland of the nature reserve, it is often seen that the seeds of Ficus altissima fall into the hollow of the right of the red fern tree because of the birds' excrement. Under the appropriate environment, the seeds germinate and grow, gradually grow aerial roots, and wind around the stem of the red fern tree. Some aerial roots hang down all the time. They live along the trunk, and stretch into the ground to take root, grow branches and leaves, and become an epiphytic plant When the amount increases, the trunk of the tree is heavily surrounded, just like a giant python wrapped around a beast. As it grows older, the tree is tied up so that the veins are blocked. In addition, the top is covered by the dense crown of banyan trees. Due to the lack of nutrition and sunlight, the tree is "strangled". Forest workers call Gao Shanrong a "hanging killer".

In the forest sea with an altitude of nearly 1000 meters, people sometimes encounter hundreds of wooden vines that are as thick as bowls and hundreds of meters long, weaving irregular forest nets from one tree to another. There are countless tropical flowers and parasitic grasses, which grow in clusters around tree ends and vines, competing for beauty and beauty, forming a sky garden full of flowers. In many parts of the garden, a variety of tropical flowers and fruits depend on each other and embellish each other, just like a well-designed bonsai, which adds a lot of beauty to the sky garden. People in the forest area call it "Hanging Garden".

Through the virgin forest, people are sometimes blocked by huge green screens and have to walk around. It turns out that dozens of giant vines, which are as thick as legs, are spirally wound among dozens of big trees. In addition, many small vines with nine twists and ten bends crisscross. They grow nearly 100 meters and are about 10 meters high. They are so tight that people have no holes to drill. They have no choice but to look at the wall. Forest workers give it a good reputation as "forest screen".

In the forest where tall trees gather, people often see that a towering tree has plate-shaped roots to support its huge trunk and whirling branches and leaves. There are many epiphytes attached not only to the trunks and branches of these trees, but also to the leaves of these trees very skillfully. As high as a tree is, it can climb. These epiphytes are mainly floridaceae and Araceae. These plants are small and smart. They know that in the dense forest, to get the sunshine, they have to "run" to the top of the big tree, so they do their best to climb the trunk, the branch, the leaf. They can't get to the ground, but they are free to live in the air with luxuriant branches and leaves. Every time they bloom, the sky is full of flowers, the fragrance is far away, and the scenery is strange and beautiful. People in the forest area give it the name of "Flower City in the sky".

animal

In addition to gibbons, there are more than 60 kinds of rare animals in Bawangling gibbon nature reserve, including clouded leopard, black bear, water deer, pangolin, giant squirrel, coconut cat, civet, civet, flying mouse, peacock pheasant, pheasant, woodpecker, owl, flying eagle, mountain partridge, etc Crested gibbon is one of the four major anthropoid apes in the world. Its living habits are similar to human beings, and its skeleton, teeth and vital structure are also very similar to human beings. It is an important experimental animal in zoology, psychology, anthropology and sociology, and has high scientific research and ornamental value.

honor

The state has set up a special conservation station here, which is the only black crested gibbon Nature Reserve in China. UNESCO has also established a bioscience circle research base in the forest region. Bawangling was established as a provincial nature reserve in 1980 and promoted to a National Nature Reserve in 1988.

Tourism information

Take the long-distance bus from Haikou to Shilu, and then take the local tricycle to the scenic spot.

address

Southeast of Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province.

specialty

Annona squamosa

Also known as fotou fruit, it is a famous tropical fruit native to tropical America. The fruit is a spherical aggregate fruit. The edible part is the aril. It is milky white. It tastes very sweet and fragrant. The fruit is rich in nutrients. Its content of carbohydrates, protein, fat and iron is the highest In addition to fresh food, most fruits can also be made into jam, wine and beverage. Their roots can be used as laxatives and leaves can be used for wound disinfection.

papaya

Also known as papaya, the original product of tropical America, known as the "Lingnan fruit" reputation, contains a variety of vitamins (especially a), low sugar content, as a good fruit for food, help to lose weight. Besides fresh fruit, it can be used as preserved fruit, jam, can, wine and medicine.

lemon

Fruit elliptic or obovate. The peel is lemon yellow, the pulp is orange yellow, juicy, containing 3% ~ 4% of fruit acid, slightly bitter. It is often used with black tea and sugar as lemon tea and lemon juice, with refreshing fragrance.

delicious food

Meiji prawn and fanjiao prawn

Also known as "prawns", "prawns", "prawns", Hainan specialty seafood, suitable for a variety of cooking dishes. This product is a new Cantonese food seasoning

Chinese PinYin : Ba Wang Ling Sen Lin Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu