Yidi Mausoleum

Yidi Mausoleum

Yidi mausoleum is the mausoleum of Yidi in the late Qin Dynasty, which has a history of more than 2200 years. It is the earliest witness of Chenzhou's history, has experienced the ups and downs of Chenzhou's historical evolution, has become an important symbol of Chenzhou's historical and cultural city, and is also the only provincial cultural relics protection unit in the center of the city.

In May 2013, Yidi mausoleum was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council

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Historical evolution

introduce

Yidi, surnamed Xiong Mingxin, was the grandson of Xiong Huai, king of Chu Huai in the Warring States period. According to historical records, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. In order to find a "horse's head is to look forward", all the uprising forces formed a league in Xue county and supported Xiong Xin, the grandson of King chuhuai, who was a shepherd among the people, as king chuhuai. Qin Mie, Xiang Yu enfeoffment of kings, and pretended to respect Xiong Xin as emperor. The next year, under the name of "the ancient emperor, who lives thousands of miles away, must live in the upper reaches", he moved to Chen County, Changsha, the Yi Emperor (records of the historian, Xiang Yu, P. 320), and sent yingbu, king of Jiujiang, to kill the Yi emperor by the poor spring of Chen city. Chen people pitied him and buried him in the back mountain of the southwest of the city. Liu Bang, the king of the Han Dynasty, once sent Wang Ling, Zhou Bo, and fan Kuai to Chen to mourn. In the name of Xiang Yu's "treason, regicide, and not minister", he organized the three armies to ally with the princes and attack Xiang Yu, which triggered the "battle between Chu and Han".

Since the Han Dynasty

Although the Yidi mausoleum has been preserved and repaired many times after the war and the change of dynasties. There is a "Yidi new stele" in the mausoleum, 2.65 meters high, 1.18 meters wide and 0.21 meters thick. In the north, it was engraved in the fourth year of Jiayou (1059) of the Northern Song Dynasty. On the forehead of the tablet, there are four characters of "Yidi new tablet". In the south, there is a record of rebuilding Yidi temple in the fifth year of Zhizheng (1345). On the right side of the mausoleum, there is an old Yidi temple. It was moved to the front of the mausoleum in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the 12th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. There is a Yidi statue painted in the temple. In 1918, Tan Yankai, commander-in-chief of the Hunan army stationed in Chenzhou, stole and excavated the mausoleum, and got more than ten pottery cups. After the mausoleum was restored to its original state, it was repaired, and the second stone pillar of Huabiao was rebuilt, which read: "there is a companion at the top of the tower to return to the crane; there is no shepherd in the original place.".

After the founding of new China

In 1956 and 1959, the people's Committee of Hunan Province announced Yidi Mausoleum as a provincial cultural relic protection unit. In 1957, the people's Committee of the town set up a special fund for the reconstruction and built a brick enclosure to maintain the height of the original tomb. In December 1963, the monument was erected. During the Cultural Revolution (1966), the regional coal bureau built new offices and dormitories in the mausoleum, leveled the mausoleum, demolished the protection Pavilion of Yidi's new monument, and built new bungalows on the mausoleum. In 1981, the fourth session of the fifth Municipal People's Congress made a decision to restore Yidi mausoleum. In 1983, the Hunan Provincial People's government announced the second subsidy. In 1988, the Regional Coal Bureau demolished the buildings within the protection area. In that year, Chenzhou City, the original county-level city, paid 100000 yuan for the restoration of Yidi mausoleum. The semi-circular mausoleum was built along the Han Dynasty, with a height of 5.2 meters and a bottom diameter of 8.5 meters. The base of the mound was surrounded by 0.6 meters of stone. The corridor around the mausoleum is 1 meter wide, and the marsh hall is 10 meters long and 2 meters wide. In front of the mausoleum stands a 2.35-meter-high and 1.18-meter-wide white jade stele with the four characters of "Tomb of Yidi" written in the official script. Close to the monument, there is a white marble table 1.7 meters long, 0.5 meters high and 0.6 meters wide. There are 9 steps in total. Under the steps, a pair of 6.4-meter-high and 20 ton marble watch is restored and erected. Its base is 1.2 × 1.2-meter square. Shinto is 16.7 meters long and 3 meters wide. On both sides of the mausoleum, 20 meters in front of the mausoleum, two new Han white jade double-layer hexagonal stele protection pavilions, 7.8 meters high and 2.6 meters wide on each side, are built to store the original and copied steles of Yidi's new stele. The project was completed in 1989.

Now?

Yidi mausoleum now covers an area of 3539 square meters. On both sides of the mausoleum are Wenhua Road and Guoqing Road, the most prosperous streets in Chenzhou City. The current situation of Yidi mausoleum is based on the historical layout of "Yidi mausoleum rush repair project" presided over by Hunan Provincial Administration of cultural relics. Taking tombs and Shinto as the north-south axis, Huabiao and tablet protection pavilion are symmetrically arranged on both sides. The existing land is divided into boundary areas by enclosing walls, and the East and West entrances are respectively located on Wenhua Road and Heping Road. According to the consideration of various factors and combined with the requirements of the scope of cultural relics protection, the boundary of the current plot is divided by the wall and the planning red line. The cultural relics protection area is within the wall, and the environmental coordination area is within the planning red line and outside the wall. For the plots south of Yidi mausoleum, west of Wenhua Road, east of Guoqing road and north of pedestrian street, a sight corridor should be considered when re planning, so that the north-south axis of Yidi mausoleum can be extended to the south tower, and the architectural style should also be coordinated with the style of Yidi mausoleum. In this way, the overall scale of Yidi mausoleum will reach the highest level in history. At the same time, the north-south axis will also appear, which will reproduce the historical scene of Yidi mausoleum and south tower. In 2005, the sixth session of the second Chenzhou people's Congress passed the "proposal on building Yidi Mausoleum as soon as possible and opening to the outside world". The first phase of the project started on December 1, 2005 and officially opened to the outside world on September 17, 2006.

Yidi Temple

specific

It is a place for offering sacrifices to the righteous emperor. It is 10.1 meters high and 18.4 meters wide. There are five auspicious animals in each direction of the roof. There are bronze statues of Yidi and frescoes of Chu and Han Dynasties in the temple.

Couplet

There is a couplet at the front and back

"Suddenly in front of us, the rain and flowers of heaven and earth come together; flying on the shelf, there are two volumes of books about the situation of Chu and Han Dynasties."

"The historical records are rich and fragrant, and the famous works of Xie Sima are moved to Chen; the ancestral hall is full of green cypresses, and the emperor returns in spring to sing cuckoos."

Bronze statue of Yidi

The statue is 3.8 meters high and cast in bronze. It shows the image of emperor Yidi, who is upright, brave, honest and kind.

Mural of the wind and cloud of Chu and Han Dynasties

It reflects the relationship among Yidi, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, as well as the different results caused by the different attitudes of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu towards Yidi.

meaning

There are two meanings in the scene of supporting the king of Huai and keeping his promise. One shows that Xiong Xin, supported by Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang and other princes, became the new king of Chu Huai from a folk herdsman, and stepped on the changeable political stage at the end of Qin Dynasty. In order to stimulate the fighting spirit of the soldiers, Xiong Xin, King Huai of Chu, made an agreement with all the princes that "the king who entered Guanzhong first" and insisted on "following the agreement" when Xiang Yu changed his intention.

Liu Bang successfully captured Hangu pass, occupied Xianyang and overthrew the Qin Dynasty at the command of Yidi; after hearing that Yidi had been killed, his whole army and allied with the princes to attack Xiang Yu; after three years of Chu Han war, he defeated Xiang Yu and finally established the Han Dynasty.

Xiang Yu personally led the main force of Chu army to break the bridge and defeat the main force of Qin army in the battle of Julu, which was decisive to destroy Qin. Xiang Yu forced Yi emperor to move the capital and secretly ordered Wang yingbu of Jiujiang to kill Yi emperor in Chen county when Yi emperor insisted on his promise and could not be used. After killing the emperor, Xiang Yu lost his heart and was led by Liu Bang In the end, they were besieged on all sides and committed suicide in Wujiang.

The tomb of Yidi

The mausoleum is a semicircle, 5.2 meters high and 8.5 meters in diameter at the bottom. There is a 0.6-meter-high hemp stone hoop at the base of the mound. The corridor around the mausoleum is 1 meter wide, and the marsh hall is 10 meters long and 2 meters wide. In front of the mausoleum stands a 2.35-meter-high white jade tablet of the Han Dynasty, on which there are four characters in the official script "Tomb of Yidi". A 1.7-meter-long, 0.5-meter-high and 0.6-meter-wide white marble table was placed close to the monument. There are 9 steps of stone slope protection and steps around. A pair of 6.4-meter, 20 ton marble watch is restored and erected at the bottom of the steps. There is a traditional couplet on it: "there is a companion at the head of the building, which should be the crane; there is no shepherd on the original.".

Yidi mausoleum Shinto

Shinto is 16.7 meters long and 3 meters wide, paved with stone. There are three pairs of tombstone beasts on both sides. From north to south, they are exorcism, unicorn and stone tiger. It is recorded in shuijingzhu by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty that "Chen, the old county, the rule of Guiyang County, was built by Xiang Yuqian. In the south of the county, there is a tomb of Yidi, in which there is a stone tiger, which is called Baihu county. "

East Gate archway

"Yidi mausoleum" is inscribed by Xiong Qingquan, former Secretary of Chenzhou Prefecture Party committee and former Secretary of Hunan provincial Party committee. There are two couplets on the front and back of the four pillars. The couplet on the front is: "the emperor said to return, picking up the white clouds in the sky as the fragrance of the heart; the flag of righteousness is to hold, engraved with the Qingjie in the mountains into a high tower." "Tracing the origin of the chenshui River, the ancient county once lived in the emperor's son; the national war is here, and the new temple is fond of reading Lisao." The antithetical couplet on the back reads: "someone chases a deer and kills a statue. In those days, Liu Zeshan was attacked by Xiang Biao; there was no road and poor spring, and he lived and died quickly. Today, the people are cheap and the monarch is light." "If you sprinkle wine to evoke spirits, you will have three Marquis coming to Lingbei; if you don't see a sword, you will have no horse to cross the east of the river."

Stele protection Pavilion

Two of them, built on both sides 20 meters in front of the mausoleum, are double-layer hexagonal white jade, 7.8 meters high and 2.6 meters wide on each side. They are used to store the original and copied steles of Yidi new stele respectively. The original inscription was on the north side in 1059, the fourth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the inscription "Yidi new stele" on the forehead, and on the south side was the record of rebuilding Yidi temple in 1345.

Original and duplicate steles of Yidi new stele

The original inscription was on the north side in 1059, the fourth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the inscription "Yidi new stele" written on the forehead, and on the south side was the record of rebuilding Yidi temple in 1345, the fifth year of Zhizheng in the Yuan Dynasty.

Rebuild

Chinese PinYin : Yi Di Ling