Mengmen mountain

Mengmen mountain is located five kilometers downstream of Hukou waterfall, under the "Shili dragon trough". In the riverbed at the bottom of the Yellow River Valley, there are two shuttle shaped boulders towering in the huge current, forming two river center islands, namely mengmen mountain, which is called "the pedal of nine rivers" in ancient times, and also mengmen island. It is said that the two islands were originally a mountain, which blocked the river course and caused floods. When Dayu controlled the water, he split the mountain into two to make the water flow smoothly. The two islands look like boats in the distance, like mountains in the near view, and like doors in the overlooking view.

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Mengmen mountain

Mengmenshan is a prose written by Li Daoyuan, a geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the northern and Southern Dynasties. The first paragraph of the article introduces mengmen mountain. From the beginning of writing water, the Yellow River passes through the west of Quxian old city, passes Fengshan, and meanders through more than 80 Li to mengmen mountain. The second paragraph describes the mountains on both sides of mengmen and the water situation around mengmen, depicting the scene of the river rushing, the turbid waves emptying, and the torrential flow of thousands of miles. The prose is beautiful and gorgeous, which is like being on the scene.

Original works

Mengmen mountain

The river runs south to Quxian County in the north, so there is Fengshan 2 in the West. Wind Shanxi 40 Li, Henan mengmen mountain, and Longmen 3 opposite. The book of mountains and seas 4 says: "the mountain of Mencius is rich in gold and jade, and yellow chalkiness 5 and nirvana 6 under it." "Huainanzi" 7 said: "Longmen is not opened, Lvliang is not chiseled, the river out of mengmen, big overflow counter current, no hills, Gaofu 8 destroyed, called flood. Dayu dredged it, which was called mengmen. " Therefore, "the biography of Mu Tianzi" 9 said: "north of mengmen nine River deng10."

Mencius is the upper mouth of Longmen. In fact, it is the giant of the river, and the name of mengmenjin 12. The stone sutra was first chiseled by Yu, and 13 by sokuang in Hezhong. Jiaan Chongshen, cliff back to defend 14, 15 boulders in danger, if the fall of 16. Ancient people have said that water is not a stone chisel, but a stone. Believe it! Among them, the flow of water is alternating, the plain air is 18, the clouds are floating, and the remote viewers often feel like fog and dew touching people, and the deep palpitations are 19. Its water is still running for 20 thousand waves, suspended for thousands of feet, hunhong 21, lunnu 22, gushing like mountains, dredging waves and decaying barriers. As far as Xiakou 23, we know that Shenzi 24, xialongmen, Liufu bamboo, is not the pursuit of Sima 25.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

1. Beiqu County: the old city is in the north of Xiji County.

2. Fengshan. It is in the northwest of Xiji County.

3. Longmen: Longmen Mountain is in the north of Hejin County, Shanxi Province.

4. The book of mountains and seas: the earliest geography book in China, the author of which is beyond examination. The book was completed in the Warring States period, and was added and deleted in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The book records the ancient mountains and rivers, products, and retains a lot of ancient myths and legends.

Chalkiness: a kind of loess, which can be used for painting.

6. Nirvana: alunite, black in color.

7. Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Honglie, was written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, and his disciples. It is divided into internal and external chapters, and now only has 21 internal chapters.

8. Fu: Tushan.

9. Biography of Mu Tianzi: one of the ancient books of the pre Qin period found in the tomb of Wei king in the Warring States period in the Jin Dynasty, the author is unknown. Six volumes. The first five volumes record the story of King Mu of Zhou driving eight steeds to the west, and the second volume records the death of Sheng Ji. The language is simple.

10. Deng: steep hillside.

11. 阨: it refers to the blocking place.

12. Mengmenjin: it is 20 miles southeast of Yichuan, Shaanxi Province, and is connected with mengmen mountain.

13. Shuguang: the riverbed becomes wider due to the impact of flowing water. Gargle refers to the impact of water.

14. Back to the cliff: the water rushes to the cliff and turns back. The water seems to tilt the cliff. Defend, shake.

Near danger; near dangerous terrain.

16. If you fall and recline: it seems like you are going to fall, but you have something to depend on.

Stone chisel: a tool for chiseling stones.

Plain gas: refers to the white water vapor.

19. Peep deep palpitation: peep deep, make people breathtaking. Peep, peep, look. Palpitation, shock.

20. Search: in ancient times, eight feet was used as search.

21. Hunhong: the water is straight and big.

22. Anger: the appearance of anger and exertion. The water is very strong.

23. Xiakou: the mouth where the Yellow River flows out of Longmen is called Xiakou.

24. Shenzi: Shendao, the author of Shenzi.

25. Sima: a cart drawn by four horses.

Vernacular translation

To the south of the river, it passes through the west of the old city of Beiqu county. To the west, there is Fengshan. To the west, there is mengmen mountain in Henan Province. According to the book of mountains and seas, mengmen mountain is rich in gold and jade, and yellow sand and nirvana stones are abundant at the foot of the mountain. "Huainanzi" records: Longmen was not opened up, Lvliang was not chiseled out, the river flowed from mengmen, slowly overflowed, upstream, there was no hill, Gaofu block, called flood. Dayu dredged the river and called it mengmen. Therefore, according to the biography of Mu Tianzi, the slope of Jiuhe river lies in the north of mengmen.

Mengmen is the entrance of Longmen. It is really a huge pass in the river, also known as "mengmenjin". It is said that Longmen was chiseled by Dayu. The river course is very wide because of the impact of water. The water is sandwiched by a long section of mountains. There are cliffs on both sides. It seems that the boulders on the high ground are about to fall off. The ancients once said, "water is not a stonecutter's chisel, but it can enter the stone." It's really good! Longmen water flow confluence impact, white water vapor like clouds floating in the air, walking in the distance, it seems to be entangled by fog, looking into the depths of the clouds, it really has a heart shaking feeling. The river stirred up thousands of waves, like a waterfall. The river seemed to be angry. The waves were like mountains. The torrents overlapped and went straight downstream. Only then did I know that when Shenzi got off the dragon's gate on the bamboo raft, the four horse cart would never catch up with him.

Creative background

The ancient geography books, Shanhaijing, Yugong and Zhouli Zhifang, are too miscellaneous, but the records of Hanshu and geographers are not detailed, and some of them are limited to genres. Although Shuijing only deals with rivers and has a systematic program, it does not record the geographical conditions outside the watercourse. He saw and heard a lot when he traveled in the great rivers and mountains. In order to pass on these rich geographical knowledge to later generations, he chose the book "water classic" as the outline to describe the geographical situation of the whole country. This essay comes from shuijingzhu · hehe, which was created when the author visited mengmen mountain.

Appreciation of works

Overall appreciation

This essay first describes the geographical location of mengmen mountain and explains its geological conditions, "there are many gold and jade on it, and yellow chalky Nirvana stone under it", and then explains the origin, which not only shows the appearance of the surging water, but also paves the way for the writing of the following essay.

Then there is the main body of the article, which is divided into three levels: starting with the description of Jiaan mountains, and then explaining the peculiar shape of Jiaan mountains and stones, and then explaining that because of thousands of years of water and stones hitting each other, water and stones finally broke through. The author writes about the magnificent scene of fighting between the Yellow River and mengmen mountain. The second layer focuses on the white air of water, which is vivid and natural. It's as touching as fog. It's amazing and magnificent. The third layer focuses on the momentum of the rough waves passing through mengmen. The running waves and suspended currents are extremely spectacular. The water potential is huge, as crazy as anger. The water is surging like a mountain. The surging waves are flowing to the lower part again. The speed and momentum of the water is magnificent. This magnificent beauty is both pleasant and inspiring. Secondly, it is rich in beauty. It not only has the inner endless power and indomitable tenacity, but also has the external beauty of color, sound and shape, giving people a grand aesthetic feeling, but sometimes it presents a gentle and delicate. Thirdly, it lies in its beauty. In different sections, from the upper mouth to the lower mouth, the water flow has the change of "running wave ten thousand search" and "dredging wave decaying base".

The first paragraph of this article is about Fengshan. The second and third paragraphs are about mengmen mountain. First write the location of mengmen mountain, then cite documentary evidence, and then specifically write that it is the natural danger of the Yellow River. When describing the objective scenery, the author pays attention to the combination with the psychological activities of the tourists. The water surges fiercely, hitting the cliff, which gives people a feeling that they are about to topple; the huge rocks on the cliff bank are on the verge of danger, and the running water rushes, arousing the water vapor like smoke, fog and cloud, which is ethereal. Once you peep into the deep stream, it is even more soul stirring. There's a sense of being there.

Comments on celebrities

Liu Dajie, a scholar of literature and history, wrote in the history of the development of Chinese Literature: "the Yellow River passes through Longmen, which is the most dangerous place. It is breathtaking."

"The Yellow River is magnificent. The Yellow River in Li Daoyuan's works is full of strong artistic charm. It can really give people beautiful enjoyment," said Huang Jigeng, Professor of Chinese Department of Hefei Normal University

About the author

Li Daoyuan (472-527 A.D.) was born in Zhuozhou, Fanyang, Hebei Province. Li Fan, the son of Pingdong general, was an official and geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the first year of his life, Li Dao went to Shandong with his father to visit waterways. When he was young, he read rare books. Later, he traveled to Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall to investigate waterways and collect relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends. Li Daoyuan's official career was bumpy, but he failed to do his best. He once served as Lieutenant of imperial censor, general of beizhonglang, etc., and also served as governor of Jizhou, Taishou of Luyang County, governor of dongjingzhou, Yin of Henan Province, etc. He was appointed by the court of the Northern Wei Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Meng Men Shan