Xiaqiong Temple

Xiaqiong temple, founded in 1394, is one of the oldest Tibetan Buddhist temples in Qinghai Province. Master zongkaba enlightened Buddhism here for nine years, and later founded Gelug school in Lhasa. Therefore, it is not too much to call it the source of Gelug school. If it was not because of its partial position that it failed to become the ruling center of the Gelug Sect, Xiaqiong temple would have more influence in Tibetan areas. The temple is usually quiet, with few tourists and no tickets. Xiaqiong temple is built on the cliff. On the top of the temple, you can see the nine bends and eighteen bends of the Yellow River. It is said that there are relics in the temple, and there are several living Buddhas living around Xiaqiong temple.

Xiaqiong Temple

Xiaqiong temple is a provincial cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Chafu Township, Hualong County, Qinghai Province, 95 kilometers away from Xining, the provincial capital, and 15 kilometers south of Linping highway. It is a famous religious and cultural resort in Hualong County scenic spot. Founded in 1349, it is one of the oldest Tibetan Buddhist temples in Qinghai,

history

Xiaqiong temple, with a total area of 270000 square meters, was built in 1349. It is the birthplace of zongluoba, the founder of Gelu Tibetan Buddhism. The Dalai Lamas of the third, seventh and thirteenth dynasties donated thousands of taels of money to decorate the temple, making the temple more magnificent and brilliant. In 1788, Emperor Qianlong granted the name of "Fajing Temple" and granted a plaque of Han, Tibetan, Mongolian and Manchu, with the inscription "Mahayana prosperous place".

structure

Since its establishment, Xiaqiong temple has successively built 11 halls, including Miaoyin Bodhisattva hall, Maitreya hall, Jinding hall, adixia hall, Vajra Buddha Hall, Zhizha Buddha Hall, xusang hall, dizang Bodhisattva hall, Jianhe Maitreya hall, mountain Buddha Hall and Dharma protection god hall, forming an ancient architectural complex combining Han and Tibetan artistic styles. The overall building is solemn, magnificent, well arranged and magnificent Majestic.

Cultural Relic

Xiaqiong temple is a monastery of Tibetan Buddhism. It is famous for master zongkaba, the guru of Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, who became a monk here. The topography of the temple is unusual and elegant. The cliff behind the temple is shaped like a flying vulture, so it is named "Xiaqiong Temple". So far, there are precious cultural relics in the temple, such as the statue of Avalokitesvara in the collection of sarizi and adixia master's spiritual bones, the sandalwood Pagoda in the collection of Sakyamuni sarizi, the sword of King gushihan and dunzhurenqin, the golden bronze statue of zongkaba, and the Golden Book Ganzhuer Sutra. In history, it is famous for its strict discipline and many famous monks.

Human history

Xiaqiong temple, built in 1349, is one of the oldest temples in Qinghai Province. Its founder is qujie Dunzhu Renqin (1309-1385), the enlightening teacher of zongkaba master. He is commonly known as qujie dorenbo. He is now a xiabulang native of Tongren County in Huangnan Prefecture. He studied scriptures in nietang, Natang and other temples in Tibet. He served as the Buddhist platform of Lintao temple. He successively built Tongren xiabulang temple, Jianzha anglasaikang temple and Xiaqiong temple. The early buildings of Xiaqiong temple include Guan kangqinmo (great Dharma Hall), La kangqinmo (Great Temple), etc. After the death of Dunzhu Renqin in 1385, his body was stored in a brick pagoda of the temple, and a pagoda hall was built. In 1583, the third Dalai Lama, sonangjiacuo, was invited to attend the funeral of Anda Khan in Inner Mongolia. He passed by Xiaqiong temple and presented gold to change the tower into a copper tower. At the beginning of the 18th century, the seventh Dalai Lama kasangjiacuo gave Jinpu the golden roof of the pagoda hall. In addition, there are the Manjusri hall where dunzhurenqin and zongkaba once lived. In 1623, the monastery's falingpa Danba Renqin founded Xianzong College; in 1747, manrenba awanzasi, the eminent monk of Lhasa Xiami college, built the tantric College; in 1797, the third living Buddha of sina, trichendaji (1734-1802), built Yiming college, and then changed to Shilun college in 1802. The temple has 27 buildings, covering an area of more than 300 mu. There are more than 2260 Buddhist halls and monasteries, 26 wooden buildings, and historic sites such as "Manjusri practice cave" and "Maitreya looking at the river". There are legends about the Buddha's relic, the statue of Luoge Shara Avalokitesvara, the gold-plated bronze statue of zongkaba, and the "ganzhur" written in gold juice. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 3000 monks in Xiaqiong temple, including 25 living Buddha mansions (larrang), the most famous of which were deyangcang, bescang (also known as weishicang), kanbucang and shamaercang, which were the four living Buddhas in the temple. According to 1954 statistics, there are 885 monks in 392 families in the temple. There are 15 Living Buddhas in the temple, including deyangcang, sangcancang, xiaxiadongcang, zongkucang, Qihe xiarongcang, jiaomaorixicang, duoxuecang, cuogaxiarongcang, ximaocairangcang, yungangcang, zhawacang and xiangwucang. According to the statistics of the United Front Work Department of Hualong county Party Committee on September 5, 1958, there were 887 monks, 4131 monks' houses, 93 horses, 53 mules, 319 cattle, 280 sheep, 185.5 mu of water and land, 1621.78 mu of dry land, 1 big Sutra hall, 2 small Sutra halls, 11 Buddha halls, 61 Jiwa public houses, and 1 big kitchen in the temple, with a total of 488 rooms. After 1958, Xiaqiong temple was reserved, but most of the buildings were demolished by nearby people. There were 121 monks in 1963 and 94 in November 1966. At that time, there were 1106 houses, 32 cattle, 12 donkeys, 28 goats, 23 pigs and 200 mu of land in the temple. In the same year, the temple was closed, the monks were repatriated to their hometown, and the homeless were arranged in the production teams of the then Chafu commune. Approved to open in 1980, there are 5 halls, 755 monk houses, 151 households, 224 monks (4 living Buddhas and 159 Wande), nearly 600 mu of forest and 1 car.

Scenery

Xiaqiong, originally in Tibetan, means Mirs. It is named after the mountain. Its mountain is at the south end of Chafu township. It's like a roc spreading its wings to fly. It dominates the North Bank of the Yellow River, overlooking Jiuqu circle, overlooking thousands of mountains and valleys. It's leaning on gawu mountain on the left, dorfu mountain on the right, and Babaoshan mountain on the back. There are praises: "green dragon is swimming in front, yellow turtle is lying behind, grey tiger is lying on the left, red bird is flying on the right.". The peaks in the East, West and North are overlapped, while in the south, they are as steep as a knife and axe. Xiaqiong temple, an ancient temple, is built on the top of the mountain. Looking from south to north, the temple is just on the right shoulder of Dapeng. The ancients praised it as a Buddhist holy land.

Gelug monastery

When Xiaqiong temple was first built, it belonged to the Gelug Sect. After the rise of Gelug Sect, it became the Gelug Sect like other Gelug sects. It adopted the Buddhist course of Sera Monastery and belonged to the system of Sera Monastery. In October of 1772, the 36th year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty, the third Tsang a Wang Tu Deng Wang Qiu (1725-1796) was appointed as the 39th chief FA Tai of the temple. He donated more than 4000 liang of silver to build the Sutra hall with 128 pillars. Since then, the living Buddha has been the master of the temple, and Xiaqiong temple has become one of the subordinate temples of Youning temple. There are more than 20 temples under the jurisdiction of Chongqiong temple in the history of Anduo politics and religion, and 25 in the annals of Xiaqiong temple, which are mainly distributed in the western half of Hualong County, namely Zhizha temple in Zhizha Township, Xiongxian temple, kasha Dejing room and Saikang room in Xiongxian Township, Caimao Jijing room in Chapu Township, dadonggabu temple, Dongchong temple and Jiayu temple in Zaba Township, Dejia temple, zhihulong temple and angsiduo Township in Dejia township Gawu temple, garuodong temple and jianzhamani Sutra hall in qunke Town, kecaikaang temple in Ertang Township, andaqiahankaang temple, Gongyi temple and wenbujukaang temple in qunke Town, Kagang temple and guobulei temple in shalianbao Township, gajiazhigang temple, Najia temple and tangcaigar temple in dehenglong Township, dada temple and Mada temple in Jiahe Township and yishizha temple in shidacang township. On the eve of liberation, some monasteries have disappeared. It is generally said that there are 18 subordinate monasteries, which are divided into upper and lower parts. The monasteries in Zhizha and Chapu areas are called upper subordinate monasteries, and the monasteries in yishizha area are called lower subordinate monasteries. According to the records of Xiaqiong temple, Baima temple in Guide county of Hainan prefecture (known as guomi queshidiange temple in Tibetan), Henglong Ruoso temple in hualongde, dongma'ang temple in gandu and Xiangri Xingyuan in Xiangri de town of Dulan County of Haixi prefecture were originally the living Buddhas of Xiaqiong temple. Later, they offered Baima Temple to quezang, Ruoso temple to zhiyucang, and dongma'ang temple to Labrang temple II Jiamuyang living Buddha. Xiangride Panchen Xingyuan was first given to Xiaqiong Temple by the sixth Panchen Lama. Later, due to the long journey, Xiaqiong temple was offered to the Panchen Lama.

Xianzong College

Xiaqiong temple has one Sutra hall, which is Xianzong college, jubazachang (Mizong College) and manbazachang (Shilun and Yiming College). Xianzong college is under the direct management of fatai, with the main title of "Ju Ba Ben Luo" in bazha Cang and "Mamba Lama" in mambazha Cang. The Mamba Lama was selected from wengze. When Guba benluo took over the position of fatai, the Mamba Lama could take over the position of Guba benluo. France and Taiwan represent Deyang, and the four living Buddhas of Beisi, Kanbu and Shamar are in charge of all affairs of the temple. There are four leaders: one is the cultural protection, who can take charge of everything when the Dharma platform is not around; the second is the monk official, who is responsible for absorbing new monks and supervising the monks to abide by the religious rules; the third is the monk Gang, who specializes in the temples and their living Buddhas; the fourth is the gegan, who is responsible for teaching, inspecting and supervising the activities of learning sutras; the four leaders have two people, who assist the four leaders in providing tea and other matters There are 18 Ba people, two of whom are in charge of the warehouse in the temple, and the other 16 people, each of whom is assisted by four people, to deal with related affairs in the temple and mediate disputes among monks. Ganba had a number of "juhuan" (equivalent to the leader of the monks), who insulted more than 10 monks. In the 1950s, there were a total of

Chinese PinYin : Xia Qiong Si