Saigon

Ho Chi Ming City

synonym

Saigon (formerly known as Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) generally refers to Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: th à NH pH à h à ch í Minh / Chengpu Ho Chi Minh) belongs to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is located in the northeast of the Mekong Delta and on the right bank of the Saigon River, a tributary of the tongnai river. It is 80 km away from the sea mouth and covers an area of 2090 square kilometers. As of 2014, the population was about 12 million.

After 1955, it was the "capital" of the Republic of Vietnam (also known as South Vietnam). The social and economic development is influenced by the west, and the business is developed. It was once known as "Oriental Paris". At the end of the 19th century, it developed into a famous port and rice market in Southeast Asia. In 1932, Saigon and the embankment were merged to form the "West Bank joint area". After the Second World War, it combined with Jiading city to form "Saigon Jiading city", or "greater Saigon". In November 1946, the Vietnamese parliament approved the name of Saigon city. On April 30, 1975, after the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) unified the whole country, Saigon was renamed "Ho Chi Minh City" in memory of Ho Chi Minh, the main founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

In the first half of 2015, Ho Chi Minh's GDP was about 417 trillion Dunns (about 19.4 billion US dollars), an increase of 8.6% over 2014. Among them, trade service industry contributed 5.73%; industry and construction industry contributed 2.78%; agriculture, forestry and aquaculture contributed 0.04%.

On December 26, 2019, it ranked No. 123 on the list of global top 500 cities in 2019.

Textual research on name

Khmer name

According to Zhou Daguan's Zhen La Feng Tu Ji, there was a place named "pheasant stick" in Angkor period. Scholar Xu Zhaolin thinks that this may be the later Saigon, because the pronunciation of "pheasant stick" is similar to that of "Chai stick" in Vietnam and "Zhai stick" in overseas Chinese

< I Zhou Daguan's the story of Zhenla's local customs (belonging to the county) < / I. Khmer people call it prey nokor, which means the forest of the kingdom. It refers to the residence of the Deputy king of Cambodia (located in the current embankment area). So far, Cambodia and a few Khmer people living in the Mekong delta still use this name.

Traditional Vietnamese names

After priango was ruled by Vietnamese refugees from the north, it was called Saigon (s à I g à n). It is said that Saigon originated from the name of a Vietnamese, but it is still controversial.

Before French colonization, the official name was GIA ì NH. In 1862, the French decided to abandon Jiading and adopt the well-known Saigon instead.

As far as spelling is concerned, Vietnamese are used to writing Saigon in two letters (s à I g à n), but some people still write it as s à I g à n or s à Ig à n because they are used to continuous writing or Westernization.

chinese characters

It is often said that s à I is the Chai of Vietnamese characters and G à n is the cudgel of mumbling characters. The derivative meaning of Vietnamese s à I g à n is cotton. The origin of cotton is due to the fact that the Khmer planted a large area of cotton in priango in the past, which can still be seen near temples. Another saying is that there was a tall jungle in Saigon in the past, and the branch (s à I) and trunk (g à n) were linked together, that is s à I g à n.

In a word, no matter in China or Vietnam, the Chinese people will not read Saigon according to the meaning. However, Vietnamese speakers who mumble words call it "Chengpu Ho Chi Minh (Chai stick)".

Khmer

Some theories point out that Saigon is derived from Sai con, and the meaning of Sai con translated into Khmer is forest of kapok trees.

Saigon

Saigon, formerly known as Saigon (Yue: s à I g à n / Saigon), appeared in the early Ming Dynasty. From the third year of Yongle, Emperor Chengzu, to the eighth year of Xuande, Emperor Xuanzong, the great Ming Empire sent Zheng He to the West seven times. After these seven voyages, many countries in East and West Asia, the Middle East Coast and East Africa also paid tribute or trade to Ming Dynasty. At that time, Saigon was a port for tributary ships from the West. Over time, it has been called "Saigon", which means "tribute from the west".

Current name

After the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) was overthrown by the North Vietnamese government on April 30, 1975, the Vietnamese Communist Party changed Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City in memory of Ho Chi Minh City, the main founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam However, Saigon still frequently appears in company names, book titles and language studies.

Historical evolution

Ho Chi Minh City is located in the Mekong Delta region. At first it was just a small fishing village called priango, surrounded by swamps. Khmer people have lived here for many centuries, and this place has gradually developed into an important port and trade town of Lhasa. Because of the dense water network, this area is called "shuizhenla".

In 1623, King CheY Chettha allowed Vietnamese refugees to enter priango to escape the civil war between the northern Zheng Dynasty and the southern Ruan Dynasty during the southern and Northern Dynasties. At the same time, more houses were built for refugees to live in. But the weakened kingdom of Cambodia was unable to resist the increasing number of refugees, and gradually priango became a part of Vietnam, also known as Saigon.

In 1698, the leader of the Ruan Dynasty sent a Vietnamese nobleman to rule here, which was officially incorporated into the territory of Vietnam. The noble was often praised for his contribution to the development of Saigon.

In 1859, the French invaded Saigon and left some famous buildings in the colonial period.

In 1954, with the help of the people's Republic of China, the North Vietnamese army won the battle of Dien Bien Phu and declared independence. The French government transferred power to baodadi, the last emperor of Ruan Dynasty, and Saigon was designated as the capital of South Vietnam. After the founding of the Republic of Vietnam, it will still be the capital.

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended and Vietnam and Vietnam were reunified. Saigon was under the protection of the North Vietnamese army. In the United States, the incident was called Saigon fall, and in Vietnam, Saigon Liberation.

In 1976, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was founded. In memory of Ho Chi Minh, the defeated North Vietnam changed its name to Ho Chi Minh City.

Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Sai Kung and Sai Kung Jiading, was officially renamed in 1976. Ho Chi Minh City is located on the northeast side of the Mekong River Delta and the right bank of the Saigon River, 80 km southeast of Haikou. 20000 ton ships can drive directly into the city at high tide.

After the end of the war, the north and South Vietnam were completely unified on July 2, 1976, and Hanoi officially became the capital of the unified country.

According to the decision of the Vietnamese parliament on July 2, 1976, Ho Chi Minh City includes Saigon city and Jiading Province before liberation, as well as Pingyang and Houyi provinces. There are 12 counties in the city and 6 counties in the suburbs.

In 2006, 12 counties were set up in the urban area of Ho Chi Minh City, and 6 counties in the suburbs.

In 2014, there were 19 counties and 5 counties in the urban area of Ho Chi Minh City.

administrative division

Division evolution

Ho Chi Minh City is a municipality directly under the central government of Vietnam. Its administrative status is equivalent to that of a provincial administrative region. Since December 2003, Ho Chi Minh City has been under the jurisdiction of 24 administrative divisions. It consists of five counties (Yapi, fumen, Qinye, Guzhi and Pingzheng, covering an area of 1601 square kilometers), belonging to remote rural areas. The remaining 19 districts are counties (including 1-12 counties and seven counties, covering an area of 494 square kilometers, namely Xinping, Pingxin, Furun, Shoude, Jiuyi, Pingsheng and Xinfu). Since December 2006, there have been 259 workshops in the city.

Zoning details

As of 2014, Ho Chi Minh City is a municipality directly under the central government of Vietnam, with 19 counties and 5 counties under its jurisdiction.

geographical environment

Geographical context

Ho Chi Minh City is located in the south of Vietnam, between 10 ° 22 ′ 13 ″ - 11 ° 22 ′ 17 ″ N and 106 ° 01 ′ 25 ″ - 107 ° 01 ′ 10 ″ e. it is located in the south of Xining province and Pingyang Province, in the east of tongnai province and batitunton Province, in the west of Long'an province and 15 km away from the south coast of South China Sea. It covers an area of 2094 square kilometers, with a straight-line distance of 50 kilometers from the city center to the seaside, an altitude of 6 meters, and a coastline of 15 kilometers.

terrain

Ho Chi Minh City is a transitional area between the southeast and the Mekong Delta. There are three types of terrain.

The high terrain is located in the northeast of the north, Tongchi in the north, Shoude 5 in the northeast and part of Northwest 9. The terrain is curved, with an average height of 10-25m. The highest point of Longping mountain in District 9 is 32 meters.

The depression is located in the southwest and southeast parts of the south, and the height of the region is in the range of 0.5-2 meters.

Medium height terrain is located in the central city, including most of the old residential areas, part of zone 2 and shoudershire. The altitude of this area is 5-10 meters.

climate

Ho Chi Minh is a tropical city

Chinese PinYin : Xi Gong