Yunyan Temple

Yunyan Temple

Yunyan temple, located in Doumian mountain, Jiangyou, Sichuan Province, was built in the Tang Dynasty and destroyed in the end of Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the third year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty (1725). It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. In the Wenchuan earthquake, the temple of Taoism and Buddhism in ancient China was seriously damaged. Yunyan temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, and has been rebuilt since the Song Dynasty. At the end of Ming Dynasty, only xipeidian was spared by the war. It was rebuilt in 1725. Yunyan temple has four existing halls, including Shanmen, Wenwu Hall (1989) reconstruction, Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall, xipeidian, etc., with a construction area of 2771 square meters. Xipeidian, also known as feitiancangdian, is the earliest existing wooden building in Sichuan Province.

Yunyan temple, also known as star cart, is the only complete wooden structure of Song Dynasty in Sichuan Province. It is also an important example of small wooden works in song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. In 1988, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

historical origin

The gate of Yunyan temple was rebuilt in the eighth year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1743 A.D.), three rooms wide, in the shape of an eight character, 7.35 meters high and 11.5 meters wide. It is a structure of Xie Shan style false double eaves, with stone lions carved in front of it. The wooden pillars are carved with flower sparrow, bow and falling cover, with patterns and figures on them. The shape of the ridge and wing angle is unique, and the glazed tile roof is magnificent. Be careful to install the forest gate between the two sides as the passageway There are two white horses, also known as Ma Paizi, with melon columns on the door and county plaques. Yu Youren, a famous calligrapher, wrote "Yunyan Temple" in golden light. Not far from the door, there are two iron masts, 29 cm in diameter and 11 meters in height. Eight meters above the ground, the masts are engraved with the words "good weather" and "peace of the country and the people". The towering mast and the Mountain Gate make Yunyan Temple more simple and elegant.

The second building of Yunyan temple was rebuilt in the seventh year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty (1742 A.D.), which was named after the original sculpture of Guanyu and Wenchang. There was a Jinshui bridge under the stage, with tall cypresses on both sides, which collapsed during the cultural revolution. It was rebuilt again in 1989, basically maintaining its original building network. At the back of the side, there are double eaves glazed tile bells, drum towers, iron bells and leather drums left in the Qing Dynasty.

Layout structure

Yunyan temple, also known as Tianwang hall. It got its name because there were four heavenly kings in it. The hall was rebuilt in the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1702). It is a single eaves Xieshan style building with one side wide and three rooms.

It is 8.5 meters high and 14.2 meters wide. In front of it is a carved Liuhe station. It is carved with eight immortals of Taoism. It is paved with square bricks, covered with caisson and wooden board. The original mural is a relic of the Ming Dynasty. Maitreya Buddha is worshipped in the hall. The Buddha's belly is generally strong, and the smile can be bowed. On both sides, there are four statues of heavenly kings, holding the treasure of subduing the dragon and subduing the tiger, There are two ancient osmanthus trees outside the door, one is golden osmanthus, the other is Laurus, the moon is like autumn, fragrant in all seasons.

Main building

Daxiong hall is the main body of Yunyan temple. There are steps outside the door. In the steps, an Panlong's royal road is embossed, and a memorial tablet Pavilion is built on both sides. Dian Xieshan single eaves architecture, 10.2 meters high, 14 meters wide, majestic momentum.

The front porch column is decorated with Dou Gong, which is replaced by Anlong and xiangzhique. The front is equipped with Liuhe gate, carved with dragon pattern, and the other three brick walls are covered with glazed patterns. There is a shrine in the hall, where Sakyamuni, the Buddha, sits on the top, and attends Alan and JIAYE. Eighteen Arhats are made on both sides. Outside the door is a couplet written by Xie Wuliang, a calligrapher: "the sky is so ethereal that clouds and smoke are illusory.

Exquisite couplets and solemn palace set off a mysterious and profound atmosphere.

On the west side of the hall, there are wooden wheel scriptures of the Song Dynasty (also known as feitianzang and xingxingche).

Feitiancang was built according to the small wooden wheel Scripture in the Song Dynasty Li Mingzhong's "zaogfashi". There is a big column with a diameter of 0.5 meters in the middle of the whole hiding place. The lower end of the column is fixed on the hexagonal hidden needle (called "Shoushan Buddha sea") in the pit, which is shaped like an iron goose platform barrel, and the upper end is wrapped in the beam frame. On the column, wooden brace and wooden board are added to form a huge wooden tower with eight edges, eight directions and four floors. The whole Tibetans are 10.8 meters tall and 7.5 meters in diameter. Even today, hundreds of years later, the whole flying Tibetans can still be driven by people. The whole wheel is a precious ancient wood carving with exquisite craftsmanship.

The Feitian Hall of Yunyan temple was founded in 1181 by Zhenming, a monk of the Southern Song Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1719 and 1754 of the Qing Dynasty (see photo). It is 16.5 meters in width and depth, with porches on the front eaves and double eaves on the top of the mountain, with a total height of 15.8 meters. The upper and lower eaves are all covered with four Dougong, and only one Dougong is used for patching. On the top of the column, the side feet and the rising of the column are very obvious. Hidden in the hall is 10.3 meters high, shaped like a wooden tower, with a maximum diameter of 7.5 meters. The shaft center is a big log with a diameter of 50 cm, and the lower supporting iron bearing can rotate freely. On the axis, beams and beams are put through and boards are installed to form an octagonal frame. The frame is inlaid with small wood carvings for Tiangong pavilions, eaves, beams and columns, hurdles, flat seats and Dougong. The Tibetan body can be divided into three parts: the Tibetan seat, the waist eaves and the Tibetan wheel. The carved flowers on the wall and the color paintings on the beam are very exquisite. Eight panel walls and Tiangong pavilions are carved with a complete set of Taoist deities in the Song Dynasty. There are 204 original inscriptions and 125 extant ones.

Construction features

The architectural features of feitianzang are as follows: first, it is a common form in Liao and Jin Dynasties, with a long and slender mouth, and the qianjindou and ruyigong, which are composed of curved and oblique Dougong, are late forms; second, the Tiangong pavilions, balatou hall and lattice doors are song style, and the winding column around the dragon on the secondary eaves column of the Tibetan seat is the same as that on the stone carving wheel of Beishan in Dazu; third, the construction system and detailed treatment methods are the same Song and Yuan Dynasties are the same, but there are some earlier and later construction features, which are historical treasures for the study of Taoist art and song and Yuan architecture. Since 1949, many funds have been allocated for the maintenance of the temple.

daily management

Yunyan temple is now under the protection and management of Jiangyou county cultural relics protection and management office. Yunyan temple, the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units, is located on Doufu mountain, 25 kilometers north of Jiangyou City. Tang Zong Li ordered to build a Yunyan temple on Doufu mountain, which was later repaired by song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It flourished in the Song Dynasty and was destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty. The existing Yunyan temple, except the Feitian temple, was rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty. Yunyan temple is located in the north facing south, adjacent to the negative rock mountain.

Yunyan temple covers an area of 26 mu, with a construction area of 5051 square meters. From the mountain gate, there are: Wenwu hall, Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall, and Sutra collection building, with Bell and Drum Tower, dongchan hall, and Feitian collection hall on both sides. The Feitian hall was built in 1180, with a width of 17 meters, a depth of 19.09 meters and a height of 16.91 meters. It is a song style building with double eaves. Wupu was built in the upper and lower parts of the temple as a Dougong, and feitianzang (wheel Scripture or star car) was built in the middle of the hall. It was built according to the wooden wheel Scripture in the Song Dynasty's "Jianzao FA Shi". However, the structure is more complex and the scale is more magnificent, which is rare in China. Feitian Tibetan hall is one of the few existing Song Dynasty buildings in China, and it is the oldest existing wooden structure building in Sichuan Province.

Earthquake events

The Wenchuan earthquake caused great damage to Yunyan temple in douqiongshan. The main peak is inclined, cracked and partially collapsed, and the north and south sides of the road sink about 1 meter; there is a landslide and a tiesuoqiao fracture.

The roof and cornice of the gate of Yunyan Temple partially collapsed (the area of roof collapse is about 15 square meters); the roof of Wenwu hall partially collapsed (the area of roof collapse is about 5 square meters); the gables on both sides of Tianwang hall completely collapsed (the area of wall collapse is about 65 square meters), the statues in the hall collapsed, and the tile house face fell; the gables on both sides of Feitian Tibetan hall and Houjin wall collapsed, with an area of 250 square meters; the roof of Daxiong hall collapsed The ridge decoration collapsed and the roof was seriously damaged. The three walls collapsed, covering an area of about 200 square meters, and the statues were cracked and tilted. The Yuhuang hall, Dongyue hall, douzhen hall, Chaoran Pavilion, Chuntai hall and Niangniang hall collapsed as a whole. The roof tiles of the God of wealth Hall partially slipped and the statues collapsed. The four walls of Luban hall collapsed and the roof faces were damaged respectively (about 20 square meters). The roof of Shiwang hall collapsed, covering an area of about 200 square meters, and the walls collapsed The building collapsed about 350 square meters, and all the walls collapsed.

Address: Shantang street, Jinchang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province

Longitude: 120.58127593994

Latitude: 31.334573745728

Chinese PinYin : Yun Yan Si