Gulangyu Islet

Gulangyu Island is located in the southwest corner of Xiamen Island, with an area of 1.87 square kilometers and a permanent population of about 16000. It faces Xiamen island across the 500 meter wide Lujiang River. The surrounding sea area of Gulangyu is the main part of Xiamen port. You can see the panoramic view of Gulangyu and the surrounding beautiful scenery from a high altitude. It is always said that "if you don't visit Gulangyu, you will waste your trip to Xiamen". With the rapid development of Xiamen Special Economic Zone, Gulangyu has become a comprehensive famous scenic spot integrating sightseeing, vacation, leisure, entertainment and shopping.

Gulangyu Islet

Gulangyu (< I English: kulangsu < / I) belongs to Gulangyu street, Siming District, Xiamen city. Its original name was "yuanshazhou", also known as "yuanzhouzi". It was named "wulongyu" in the Southern Song Dynasty and renamed "Gulangyu" in the Ming Dynasty. Under the jurisdiction of Longtou community and neicuoao community, the area is closed to motor vehicles (except police and consumer) and the highest point is riguangyan, which is across the sea from Xiamen Shimao Strait building and Xiamen University on Xiamen Island.

The green space coverage rate of Gulangyu Island is more than 40%, and the plant population is rich. There are more than 90 families and 1000 species of trees, shrubs, vines and ground cover plants. Representative scenic spots include: sunlight rock, Shuzhuang garden, Haoyue garden, Yuyuan Garden, gulangshi, Gulangyu Piano Museum, Zheng Chenggong memorial hall, underwater world, natural beach, sea paradise structure, etc.

Gulangyu scenic spot has won the honor of national 5A scenic spot, national key cultural relics protection unit and China's five most beautiful urban areas. July 8, 2017, "Gulangyu: international historical community"

It has been listed in the world heritage list and become the 52nd world heritage project in China.

Starting from 8:00 on March 6, 2020, Gulangyu scenic area will be reopened, and Xiamen Suzhou tourist route will be resumed on the same day

At the same time, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers fighting in the front line of anti epidemic, Gulangyu scenic spot will implement a free opening policy for medical workers and their accompanying immediate family members from the date of resumption of operation to December 31, 2020.

Historical evolution

More than 3000 years ago, Gulangyu appeared in the Neolithic age.

Around the 8th century, Chen, Xue and other families from the Central Plains moved to the island for development and production, and Gulangyu Island was named "Xincheng" and "jiaheli". "Jiahe" means rice. The ancients used "Jiahe" as an auspicious thing, and it was also called Ganlu Liquan. For example, Ban Gu's "Han Shu Gongsun Hongzhuan" says: "when the dew falls, when the wind and rain, Jiahe prospers.".

From 960 to 1368, the number of people on the island gradually increased, and Tongan county was set up in the Longqi period of Fujian

.

In 909, Wang Shen was known as the king of Fujian and established the state of Fujian, with Fuzhou as its capital and Datong Chang as its jurisdiction.

In 949, the Southern Tang Dynasty promoted Quanzhou to Qingyuan Army (governing Quanzhou, Putian, Xiamen and Zhangzhou)

In 963, in the name of Song Dynasty, Qingyuan army was changed into Ping Navy, Chen Hongjin was taken as the governor, and Tong'an county was under Ping Navy.

In 978, Chen Hongjin took over the territory of Song Dynasty, and Tong'an county was incorporated into the territory of Song Dynasty with the Pinghai Navy. In the same year, song Fuping's navy was Quanzhou. Song belonged to the Navy and Quanzhou. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou road. The Ming Dynasty belongs to Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province.

From 1260 to 1279, Jiahe qianhusuo was established on the island for the first time.

In 1655, it was established in Siming Prefecture.

In 1680, Siming Prefecture was abolished. In the Qing Dynasty, it was made in the Ming Dynasty, and in the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Xingquan road.

On August 2, 1841, in the fierce artillery battle of the first Opium War, Jiang Jiyun, the chief soldier of Jinmen Town, and his subordinates held fast to their positions and fought bloody battles with the enemy to the end. Finally, they all died for their country. Xiamen and Gulangyu fell into enemy hands at the same time.

From 1840 to 1860, the invasion of Xiamen and Gulangyu by foreign powers was in full swing and rapidly expanded and deepened.

In April of the ninth year of Kangxi, in 1670 ad, Xingquan Dao was restored and led to Xinghua and Quanzhou (Shengzu Shilu Volume 33 and Qianlong Fujian Tongzhi volume 20). In the 25th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1686), he was transferred from Quanzhou to Xiamen by Haifang Tongzhi. In the 5th year of Yongzheng, he moved to Xingquan Dao to govern Quanzhou, belonging to Xiamen, Tongan county (shizongshilu Volume 53). In 1684, taixia bingbei road was set up under the jurisdiction of Xingquan road. In the 12th year of Yongzheng reign, in June 1734, Quanzhou Prefecture was upgraded to Yongchun County, and it was renamed Xingquan Yongdao (Shi Zong Shi Lu, volume 143). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Xingquan Yongdao led two prefectures: Xinghua, Quanzhou and Yongchun. In 1727, it belonged to Xingquan Yongdao (Xingquan Yongdao, which governs today's Quanzhou, Putian, Xiamen and Yongchun). Daotai was first stationed in Putian (Xinghua prefecture) in the early Qing Dynasty, and then moved from Putian County to Jinjiang County of Quanzhou Prefecture, and then from Jinjiang County of Quanzhou prefecture to Xiamen.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Xingquan Yongdao was renamed Nanlu Dao, and Xiamen Dao was renamed in the third year of the Republic of China. It still governs Xiamen, Putian, Quanzhou and Datian counties.

In 1844, the London mission established the church in Gulangyu.

In 1850, the British Presbyterian Church also established a foothold in Gulangyu.

In 1848, the first church of China of the American Reformed Church was built in xinjiezai, Xiamen. Fifteen years later, the Church of England also built a "concord chapel" (in today's first hospital) on Gulangyu Island for foreigners to pray. In Xiamen, especially on Gulangyu Island, a number of missionary schools have sprung up. In order to further grasp the economic lifeline of Xiamen, the southeast gateway, controlling Xiamen Customs and port management power is regarded as a key measure.

In 1908, Gulangyu was reduced to a "public concession".

In 1912, Siming county was set up on the islands of jiaheli, Suide Township, datong'an County, and dajinmen and xiaojinmen. On April 28, Siming county government was formally established and subordinate to Fujian military government. In September, Siming Prefecture was promoted and abolished.

In 1915, Jinmen county was established by dividing Jinmen county from XiaoDeng county.

In 1933, the "people's revolutionary government of the people's Republic of China" (namely "Fujian people's government") established Xiamen City, which was transformed into a special city. Tong'an county and Xiamen city are subordinate to Xingquan Province, which governs Quanzhou, Putian and Xiamen, In January of the next year, after the failure of the "Fujian coup", the Xiamen special municipal government and Xingquan province were abolished, and the system of Siming county was restored on Xiamen Island, and Tongan county and Siming county were both directly under the jurisdiction of Fujian provincial government.

In April 1935, the Fujian government of the national government reestablished Xiamen city with seven islands, including Xiamen and Gulangyu, abolished Siming county and set up Heshan special area, which is the fourth administrative supervision area with Tong'an county.

From May 1938 to September 1945, Xiamen island was occupied. Tong'an county was subordinate to the fourth administrative supervision district of Fujian Province. From the 32nd year of the Republic of China, in 1943, the national government of Fujian Province ordered the withdrawal of districts, the establishment of townships and the consolidation of townships.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese army monopolized Gulangyu until China won the Anti Japanese war.

At the beginning of September 1949, it was subordinate to the fifth Office of the administrative inspector general of Fujian Province, under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou, Putian and Xiamen, and later changed to Xiamen.

In 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Fujian. In September, it invaded Xiamen. After the battle of Jinmen and the artillery battle of Jinmen, see articles and entries related to the battle of Jinmen and the artillery battle of Jinmen.

On October 17, 1949, Gulangyu was liberated.

In 1958, the artillery battle broke out in Kinmen.

On January 1, 1979, Xu Qianqian, Minister of the Ministry of national defense of the people's Republic of China, issued the statement on stopping shelling big and small Kinmen islands. The 21 year shelling of Kinmen came to an end.

On April 26, 2003, the former Gulangyu District, Kaiyuan District and Siming District were merged to form a new Siming District. At the same time, after the administrative region of Gulangyu District in Xiamen was abolished, Gulangyu sub district office was set up in its administrative region.

On January 31, 2005, the Xiamen municipal government issued the administrative measures for Gulangyu scenic spot in Xiamen.

On July 13, 2006, the historic buildings on Gulangyu will become bars, cafes and bookstores. Relevant departments will introduce some historical buildings with clear property rights to attract investment.

On May 8, 2007, Gulangyu scenic spot in Xiamen was officially approved as a national 5A scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration. Gulangyu was selected as "the first of the five most beautiful urban areas in China" by National Geographic magazine.

In 2007, there were 10 sites and 13 national key cultural relics protection sites in Gulangyu. A total of 28 buildings in 19 locations are listed in the plan, which is recommended as supplementary consideration. This list of additions has not yet been finalized. Some experts have objections to some of the additions, such as Guanhai villa. Some experts have suggested that it should be changed to Li Wufang villa, and new buildings such as Xiamen No.2 Middle School (including Western European buildings), yangjiayuan, fanpo building and Tianwei girls' school should be added.

In 2012, Gulangyu received 11.36 million tourists, of which on October 2, Gulangyu received more than 120000 tourists in a single day, a new record

Chinese PinYin : Gu Lang Yu