Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve

Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve is the sedimentary plain in the lower reaches of Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Taihe River, Raoyang River and Daling River. It is low and flat, with an altitude of 0-6.5m. It is located at the entrance of Liaohe River in Liaodong Bay. It is a estuary wetland which is formed by the deposition of fresh water carrying a lot of nutrients and flooding with seawater. A large area of fresh water swamp, salt water swamp, sand beach and intertidal mudflat are formed. From the east of the estuary to the west of the Daling River, there are a lot of reeds.

The reserve is extremely rich in biological resources. There are 191 species of birds alone, including 28 species of national key protected animals, such as Red Crowned Crane, white crane, white stork and black stork. It is a breeding ground for a variety of waterfowls, a wintering ground and a relay station for many migratory birds.

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve

synonym

Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve generally refers to Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is located in Dawa County, Panjin City, Liaoning Province and liaohekou Ecological Economic Zone, with a total area of 80000 hectares. It is a kind of Wildlife Nature Reserve mainly aimed at protecting the Red Crowned Crane, black Headed Gull and other rare waterfowl and estuarine wetland ecosystem. The main wetland types are reed swamp, river water area and tidal flat.

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is rich in biological resources. It is a breeding ground for many kinds of waterfowl, a wintering ground and a post station for many migratory birds.

Historical evolution

In 1985, it was established with the approval of Panjin Municipal People's government and managed as a municipal waterfowl nature reserve.

In 1987, with the approval of Liaoning Provincial People's government, it was promoted to provincial nature reserve.

In 1988, with the approval of the State Council, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

On July 20, 2015, with the approval of the State Council, Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve was officially renamed Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve.

geographical environment

position

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is located about 30 kilometers southwest of Panjin City, Liaoning Province, at the top of Liaodong Bay in Bohai Sea and the center of Liaohe Delta. Its geographical coordinates are between 121 ° 28 ′ 24.58 ″ - 121 ° 58 ′ 27.49 ″ E and 40 ° 45 ′ 00 ″ - 41 ° 05 ′ 54.13 ″ n, covering a total area of 80000 hectares.

landforms

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is a sedimentary plain in the lower reaches of Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Taihe River, Raoyang River and Daling River. It is low and flat with an altitude of 0-6.5 meters. It is located at the entrance of Liaohe River in Liaodong Bay. It is a estuary wetland formed by the deposition of fresh water carrying a lot of nutrients and flooding with seawater, which is suitable for a variety of biological reproduction.

climate

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve has a temperate semi humid monsoon climate with an average annual precipitation of 650 mm and an average annual temperature of 8.5 ℃.

hydrology

Shuangtaizi River passes through liaohekou National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province, where more than 20 rivers, such as Daling River, Raoyang River, Panjin River and Daliao River, converge into the sea.

Protection target

Protected objects

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve, which mainly protects the world's rare and endangered waterfowl such as Red Crowned Crane, black Headed Gull and Shuangtai estuary wetland ecological environment.

plant resources

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve is a plain meadow grassland area in the lower reaches of the river, mainly composed of reed fields, swamp grasslands and tidal flats. Up to 2007, there are few woody plants in the area, only scattered poplar, willow, elm and Tamarix shrubs. There are 126 kinds of herbs, such as reed, cattail, Hemarthria, Equisetum, arrowhead, Sparganium, Suaeda salsa, Artemisia ordosica, etc.

Animal resources

As of 2007, there are 699 species of wild animals in liaohekou National Nature Reserve of Liaoning Province. Because this wetland is the transfer station and destination of waterfowl migration route from East Asia to Australia, there are more than 100 species and millions of waterfowl in 236 species of birds in the area. Among them, the first class of national protected birds are red crowned crane, white crane, white stork and black stork; the second class of national protected birds are swan, grey crane, white fronted goose, yellow billed egret, goshawk, Demoiselle, mandarin duck, white spoonbill, bee hawk, sparrow hawk, white tailed Harrier, magpie Harrier, white headed Harrier, hairy foot heron, vulture, osprey, swallow falcon, grey backed falcon, kestrel, red footed falcon, long eared cuckoo, short eared cuckoo and longitudinal bellied cuckoo, There are 27 species of hawk cuckoo and vulture cuckoo, and 4 species of endangered species are black Headed Gull, big tailed warbler, Sinian Finch and grey web snipe. Among them, there are only more than 3000 black headed gulls in the world, and more than 2000 in Liaoning Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve. Over the years, more than 400 red crowned cranes, 360 white cheekbones and 430 white cranes have stopped here, accounting for 25%, 20% and 20% of the world's wild population respectively.

Management organization

Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve Management Organization was formally established in 1987, the management office is a section level unit, subordinate to Panjin Rural Economic Committee, the office address is located in No. 121, Shiyou street, Xinglongtai District, Panjin City, in 1991, the management office was upgraded to a county-level institution. There are office, resource management section, publicity and education section, public security police brigade, scientific research and monitoring section and three management stations in Dongguo, zhaoquanhe and Tanhai. In 2008, Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve has 32 people, including 7 police and 25 civil servants.

Development and utilization

scientific research

Scientific research is also one of the most important tasks of liaohekou National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province. In order to find out the resource background of Liaoning liaohekou National Nature Reserve, clarify the protection objectives and objects, and strengthen the protection and management of regional resources and environment, the reserve has actively carried out scientific research cooperation and exchanges with Liaoning Provincial bird Research Center, Shenyang Institute of ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, wetland resource monitoring center of Planning Institute of Ministry of forestry and other relevant domestic institutions, and completed provincial and ministerial level courses Among them, "study on the investigation and utilization of bird fauna in Panjin area" won the third prize of provincial and ministerial level. In cooperation with the world nature foundation (Hong Kong), the international crane foundation, the international wetland Bureau of Asia, the Kitakyushu wild bird Association of Japan and other relevant international organizations, we carried out the investigation on the population and breeding status of Red Crowned Crane and black Headed Gull, as well as the species and quantity of wading birds. In order to protect the endangered and rare birds, the migration route, birth and longevity of black Headed Gull were studied.

Since 1995, the breeding of more than 900 black headed gulls with banding, after the young birds grow up to fly naturally. Later, invited by the Japanese black Headed Gull Research Association, the relevant personnel of the Wildlife Conservation Station of Liaoning Provincial Forestry Department and two bird experts from Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve went to Kitakyushu, Japan, to study the migration route and habitat pattern of black headed gulls. During the inspection, their staff were surprised to find a black Headed Gull with a red ring on its leg. South Korea has also found the black Headed Gull with Chinese banding. According to this, bird experts determined that the black Headed Gull migrated on the three routes of China, Japan and South Korea and perched alternately.

Since 1993, the nature reserve has begun to carry out the scientific research of artificial breeding of red crowned cranes. First of all, people were sent to Shenyang zoo, where the artificial breeding of red crowned cranes was earlier. On the basis of their experience and technology, they had the courage to explore and innovate, breaking through the difficult problem of brood breeding. By simulating the habits of wild red crowned cranes and enriching nutrition food The occurrence of rickets disease was avoided by adding vitamins. It breaks through the natural reproduction rate that a pair of cranes only produce two eggs, and adopts the method of artificial sperm extraction and artificial insemination. A male crane's sperm can be given to several female cranes, so that a Red Crowned Crane under artificial conditions can produce 12 eggs, and the survival rate reaches 80%. We also explored the breeding of the spotted billed Duck. Through efforts, we made the natural mating of the wild duck to produce more than 100 ducklings, and finally released these artificially hatched wild ducks to nature, so as to alleviate the problem of the reduction of the number of wild ducks due to human destruction. Drawing lessons from the experience and practice of foreign advanced areas, the tidal flat irrigated by seawater with desalting grass killed weeds, humidified the soil and restored the natural habitat. The population of endangered waterfowl breeding in this area increased significantly, and the residence period of rare and migratory birds also increased significantly. There were only more than 1200 black headed gulls when they were found in 1990, more than 2700 in 1999, 3400 in 2001 and more than 5400 in 2002.

The reserve is rich in marine, terrestrial and aquatic biological resources, most of which are endangered species in the world. It has important protection value. It is a rare gene pool of wildlife species and an important base for the research of species, wetland ecosystem and coastal ecosystem in the world. Therefore, it is highly valued by International Wetland and nature conservation organizations. World Wide Fund for nature (WWF) official Marcus, International Crane Foundation (IHF) chairman AKI, and bird experts and scholars from some countries and regions have come to the region for investigation, technical cooperation and academic exchanges.

tourist resources

Chinese PinYin : Shuang Tai He Kou Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu