Baguanzhai

On the Bank of the ancient song river outside the South Gate of Shangqiu ancient city, there is a famous scenic spot, baguanzhai, which is famous in China and the world. In May of the seventh year of the Dali (772 AD), Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, was disturbed by a surprising piece of news. In order to defend Suiyang, Tian Shengong, the festival envoy of Henan Province, fought with the rebels of Anshi for two days and two nights. After fighting to the death, he finally rescued all the soldiers and people in Suiyang and saved the city. However, Tian Shengong became ill after the war, and his life was in danger. In order to pray for the early recovery of Tian Shengong, the people of Suiyang set up a "eight pass zhaihui" to donate food and money, inviting 8000 monks to attend the meeting. At that time, incense and offerings were placed all over the countryside, and the sound of Buddha's name was heard day and night. The people of the four townships gathered and the roads were blocked by chariots and horses. Yan Zhenqing felt this and wrote a short essay of more than 900 words, entitled "report to virtue of eight pass zhaihui in Tang and Song Dynasties", which was carved on the stone wall. His calligraphy art has been admired by collectors, researchers and calligraphers at home and abroad. It is the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Henan Province.

Baguanzhai

On the Bank of the ancient song river outside the South Gate of Shangqiu ancient city in Henan Province, there is a scenery. This is the real inscription of the famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing - baguanzhai.

The full name of baguanzhai is Baode Ji of baguanzhaihui, an official of Tang and Song dynasties. It is a stone building with eight ridges, which was built in 772, the seventh year of zongdali in Tang Dynasty.

In the last year of Tianbao (756) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Tian Shengong was a county historian. When the "an Shi rebellion" took place, he followed the rebel generals nandexin and Liu Congjian to besiege Suiyang (now Shangqiu). However, Tian Shengong killed nandexin, drove Liu Congjian away, led his officers and men to surrender to the imperial court, and lifted the siege of Suiyang. Tian Shengong was granted the title of hongluqing after his surrender, and later moved to Xuzhou as a governor and Ziqing as a governor. In the first year of zongbaoying in Tang Dynasty (762), the rebels attacked again, and Tian Shengong solved the siege of Suiyang again. Later, Tian Shengong was repeatedly praised by the central government. In the second year after the "an Shi rebellion" subsided, Tian Shengong was promoted to Prince, Taishi and Xindu. In April of 772, the seventh year of emperor zongdali of the Tang Dynasty, Tian Shengong got fever. Suiyang people suggested to the government that a eight pass Zhai meeting be held to pray for Tian Shengong in return for his kindness in rescuing Suiyang. In order to record this activity, Yan Zhenqing was invited to write an article and wrote this article himself.

Historical evolution

In the last year of Tianbao (756) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Tian Shengong was a county historian. When the "an Shi rebellion" took place, he besieged Shangqiu with rebellious generals Nan Dexin and Liu Congjian. However, Tian Shengong killed nandexin, drove Liu Congjian away, led his officers and men to surrender to the imperial court, and lifted the siege of Suiyang (Shangqiu). Tian Shengong was granted the title of hongluqing after his surrender, and later moved to Xuzhou as a governor and Ziqing as a governor. In the first year of zongbaoying in Tang Dynasty (762), the rebels attacked again, and Tian Shengong solved the siege of Suiyang again. Later, Tian Shengong was repeatedly praised by the central government. In the second year after the "an Shi rebellion" subsided, Tian Shengong was promoted to Prince, Taishi and Xindu. In April of 772, the seventh year of emperor zongdali of the Tang Dynasty, Tian Shengong got fever. Suiyang people suggested to the government that a eight pass Zhai meeting be held to pray for Tian Shengong in return for his kindness in rescuing Suiyang. In order to record this activity, Yan Zhenqing was invited to write an article and wrote this article himself. The title of "there are Tang and song Zhou BAGUAN zhaihui Baode Ji" is engraved in bamianzhuang. It is the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Henan Province

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During the Huichang period of emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Yan of emperor Wuzong issued an imperial edict to remove the Buddhist temple, and the stone buildings were destroyed along with the Kaiyuan Temple. At that time, local officials because of the huge stone buildings, inconvenient to move, they will chisel the inscription in several places, buried in the soil on the spot. In the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (851), Cui Luo, the governor of Songzhou, found the remnant stone building and got the stone copy of it at the Tang family home of the former governor. He filled in the missing words and set it up again. We don't know whether the model stone is the base copy or the original stone rubbings. However, the original stone was chiseled in several places (instead of several sections), buried in the soil on the spot and preserved in three sides, while Cui's supplementary carving of five sides is the fact. It can be verified by the size of the eight sides of the stone building that the widest side is 51 cm and the narrowest side is 46 cm. The size of the eight sides of the stone building should be the same at the beginning of its establishment. It is reasonable for Cui to grind down the chiseled sides to make up the characters. In addition, Xu Ke's "Qingbai Lei Chao" ye jushang's supplementary inscription on the stele: Lu Gong's "Ba Guan Zhai Ji" and "Zhongzhou Jinshi Ji" are re engraved, and there is no objection. However, in the book of the story of the stone buildings of Duke Lu of Yan written by Cui Zhe, the governor of the state of song, five years later, it is said that "there are only three sides left, and they are buried in the earth.". He also said, "I'm sorry for the smoke, so I'll attack and cure it.". Although he really looked at the hanging Yue, Diao and dog continued, and he looked back at Lu Gong's posthumous writings, which was revealed later. According to the meaning of the words, there are still three sides in the original inscription and five sides in the supplementary inscription. In baokeliebian, Yan Zhenqing wrote and merged the books first, and then Cui Zhuo wrote and supplemented the books in the fifth year of Dazhong. When old steles are erected again, there are more re inscriptions and fewer re inscriptions. The Tang steles I have seen are the only ones that have been carved by later generations.

According to textual research, the existing two sections of baguanzhai stone building are the original stones of Tang Dynasty. Before the destruction, the stone building is about 2.7 meters high, and the width of eight sides is slightly different, which is 46-51 cm. The full text is 957 characters, followed by two lines of 32 characters of seal script, which is Zhuan E. Later, there are 54 small characters in regular script, namely "Cui Huai", "Tian Ting", "Le Zi Guan Wang Liangqi", "Zhuan e Tian Yue and Zhang Xiyu"; and then there is the article "Shuyan Lugong Shichuang Shi" written by Cui Zhe, the governor of song Zhou, with the names of "Cui zhe Zhuan", "Tu Jing", "Cui Lin" and "Shi Congjian, Gao yuansupport".

In the summer of the 15th year of Hongzhi (renxu, 1502 A.D.), the Yellow river overflowed and water burst into the city. The ancient city of Suiyang was engulfed by torrential floods. The temple also disappeared, and the stone buildings were soaked in water.

During the Zhengde period, he returned to Defu City, and the new city site "moved to the north to avoid the depression.". Baguanzhai changed from inside the city to outside the city.

According to Qiu Yu's opinions by Qiao shining of Ming Dynasty, Kaiyuan Temple was in ruins during the Jiajing period, and the stone buildings were seriously peeled off. In the 29th year of Jiajing reign (1550), Wang Nan, the imperial censor, read Lu Gong's "Fengjie Gaoshi" and added the old stele to the pavilion. In the north of the pavilion, a new hall with three couplets was built, which was guarded by monks. The title of the hall was Yan Lu Gong temple.

In the spring of 1638, a city wall was built near baguanzhai. It was surrounded by moats and water. It was immersed in steles for a long time. The next year, Zhang he moved to the nearby high place to protect the monument from damage.

"I GengTang anthology" contains: "Li Zicheng will pass through the territory of the city At that time, he was near the ancestral hall of Guo, and it was completely destroyed. The ancestral hall of Yan could not be protected. If the so-called stone buildings were to be broken, they would not be able to serve in danger. "

In 1650, song Quan, a bachelor and crown prince of the National Academy of history, returned to his hometown because of his funeral.

Historical origin

The "baguanzhai" stele is the "Song Zhou baguanzhaihui Baode Ji", abbreviated as "baguanzhai". It can be seen that the stele was set up to record the officials of song Zhou (today's Shangqiu) holding baguanzhaihui to repay virtue in the Tang Dynasty. So, what is the eight pass? BAGUAN, also known as Bajie, is a Buddhist term. It refers to the eight commandments that male and female Buddhist believers must abide by day and night: no killing; no stealing; no lust; no lying; no drinking; no painting incense and singing and dancing; no sleeping; no eating. The first seven are fasting, and the last one is fasting. Together, they are called "Bajie fasting" or "Bajie fasting" or "BAGUAN fasting". Zhai, a vegetarian without meat, is also called Zhai; giving food and monks are also called Zhai. He gave vegetarian food and attracted many monks. Since then, with the change of dynasties, wars and floods, the prosperity of the past has become dust and smoke in the long history. However, the monument of baguanzhai, which has experienced many vicissitudes, has been quietly waiting for the prosperous and withered Kaiyuan Temple. With the morning bell and evening drum in the temple, it stands in the wind and rain of the years.

Detailed explanation of scenic spots

Baguanzhai is located 500 meters south of Shangqiu City. Entering the courtyard, you can see a beautiful octagonal pavilion with an octagonal stone building. The stone building is 2.7 meters high and 0.5 meters wide on each side. On it is a record of repaying virtue at the eight pass zhaihui in Tang and Song Dynasties written by Yan Zhenqing in his later years.

According to the inscriptions, Tian Shengong broke the siege of song Zhou in the Anshi rebellion. In April of the seventh year of Dali (772 A.D.), Tian Shengong recovered after several months of illness. In order to ingratiate himself with Tian Shengong, Xu Xiang, the governor of song Zhou, set up a eight pass zhaihui in Kaiyuan Temple in the south of the city, inviting 1000 monks to the Zhai. The stone tablet was initially called the tablet of yanlugong. Because the inscription recorded the Buddhist affairs of baguanzhai, later generations gradually called it baguanzhai.

After the founding of new China, baguanzhai was protected and maintained. During the ten years of turmoil, baguanzhai was demolished and the stone tablet was damaged. In 1993, the original Shangqiu County People's Government re carved the stele according to the rubbings of the Song Dynasty. In 1997, the stele pavilion was built, and the courtyard was afforested twice in 1997 and 1999.

Documentation

Guijiajingdefu Zhi: baguanzhai is located in Kaiyuan Temple in Tang Dynasty, Baorong temple in Song Dynasty, Longxing Temple later and Longxing Temple later. It was repaired many times in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. BAGUAN is a Buddhist term, also known as Bajie, which refers to the eight commandments that male and female Buddhist believers must abide by day and night: one is not to kill, two is not to steal, three is not to commit adultery, four is not to talk nonsense, five is not to drink alcohol, six is not to decorate incense garlands and listen to music and dance, seven is not to sleep, seven is not to sit on high and gorgeous bed, eight is not to eat non time food. The first seven are fasting, and the last one is fasting. Together, they are called "Bajie fasting", or "Bajie fasting" or "BAGUAN fasting".

Hou Fangyu of the great regret hall wrote the newly moved stele of yanlugong and the rebuilt stele of yanlugong

Chinese PinYin : Ba Guan Zhai