Cheng's three houses

The three houses of Cheng family were built in the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and got their names because of the owner's surname Zheng. Sanzhai has a rigorous structure, simple and elegant, with high scientific research value and ornamental value. It is praised as "the treasure of Ming Dynasty dwellings" by Professor Fu Xinian, an expert in ancient architecture of Beijing Palace Museum. Suitable for nostalgic tourists.

Cheng's three houses

Cheng's sanzhai is located in Baishu street, Tunxi District, Huangshan City, at No. 6, No. 7 and No. 28, Baishu Dongli lane, Tunxi. It was built by Cheng Minzheng, the right Minister of rites in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. Because the three houses were all built in the Ming Dynasty, and the heads of households were all surnamed Cheng, they were commonly known as "Cheng's three houses". The three mansions are five bay, two-story building, front and rear wing rooms, central patio, similar to the courtyard. Three house structure is rigorous, decoration is exquisite, simple and elegant.

In 2001, Cheng's sanzhai was approved as the fifth batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Located at No. 6, No. 7 and No. 28, Dongli lane, Baishu street, Tunxi, Cheng's three houses were built by Cheng Minzheng, the right Minister of rites in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1465-1487).

No.7 building in Cheng's three houses was built in the early Ming Dynasty (1368). The owner of the house in the Ming Dynasty was the family of Cheng Minzheng, the right servant of Li Department, the chief examiner of Tang Bohu.

Architectural features

architectural composition

No. 7 and No. 8 buildings of Cheng's three houses are connected, and No. 28 building is located in the East. The three buildings are similar in structure, but each has its own characteristics. The three mansions are five bay, two-story building, front and rear wing rooms, central patio, similar to the courtyard. Sanzhai has a strict structure. Among them, Cheng Mengzhou house is a typical one. The house has five rooms and two floors. The depth is 16.1 meters and the bay is 13.6 meters. There are wing rooms on both sides and courtyard in the middle. The plane is not obviously concave. All the five beams are painted in Ming Dynasty style. The front eaves of the upper building are hung with lotus columns, and the back of the flying chair is installed. The cross section of the columns is square, and the upper end of the columns is inserted with two arches to support the eaves purlin. The roof is in the form of hard hill, and the gables are scattered.

The gates of No. 6 and No. 7 of Cheng's three mansions open inward, and the gates are made inward. The brick carvings are all "double phoenix playing peony". The courtyard wall in front of building 7 is in arc shape. The gate building of No.28 house is chiseled with hemp stone and built with imitation wood structure. The main building and the secondary building are supported by Dou Ke. There are exquisite carvings on the forehead, and lotus petals are embossed on the flat beam. The whole gate building has a strong three-dimensional sense.

architectural style

Cheng's three mansions are all three story buildings of closed brick and wood structure, with one ridge and two halls. The roof is covered with butterfly tiles, and the surrounding walls are sealed. The lighting is from the patio. The beam surface is decorated with pattern powder paintings, and the flying chair is installed on the front eaves and lotus columns, which has a unique architectural style of the Ming Dynasty.

Cultural relics

contract

There is a contract for the sale of the house in 1621, the first year of Tianqi (Tianqi's first year). The contract consists of 10 lines written in Mian paper and ink. The signature of the contract is "on February 12, Tianqi's first year, the seller of the house, Cheng Bofan (mortgage)".

carving

Cheng's three house 8 building has the richness of cultural connotation. It has the warning stone of "dropping water and stone wears", and the 108 large scale woodcut group paintings show the essence of Huizhou woodcut. Building 28 is an official and commercial residence with unique door cover, which is the representative of Huizhou stone carving.

Plaque

There is a plaque of Qimei hall in Zhongyou of Cheng's three houses, which was inscribed by the fifth son of Chengze Taizong, Prince Yu, during the reign of emperor Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty. This plaque has black characters on a white background, engraved with Zhu seal and casual chapter. At the same time, there are also ten pieces of incomplete ink paintings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as color board paintings of landscapes, figures, flowers and birds in Chibi. In addition, there are also ten wall stickers of various patterns in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Cultural relic value

The architectural carving of ancient Huizhou is famous for brick carving, stone carving and wood carving. The three house of Cheng is a typical building with three kinds of carving essence. Cheng's three residence belongs to the private residence of a cultural relic official. These three ancient houses are well preserved, typical of Hui style architecture, and have high scientific research value and ornamental value.

Cultural relics protection

On June 25, 2001, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, Cheng's sanzhai was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2017, the 13th five year plan for the development of national cultural relics issued by the State Administration of cultural relics takes the protection of ancient buildings and traditional villages as one of the 12 cultural relics protection projects. The local government of Huangshan City has successively issued several normative documents, including the Interim Measures for the protection of ancient dwellings in Huangshan City and the Interim Measures for the protection and utilization of Huizhou ancient buildings in Huangshan City, in order to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage It provides the legal basis and system guarantee for the nursing work. In the protection and restoration of ancient buildings, the local government adheres to the principle of "giving priority to manual work" and "repairing the old as before", so as not to damage the original layout and original components of ancient buildings and maintain their complete style.

History and culture

Cheng Minzheng

Cheng Minzheng (January 7, 1446 ~ July 11, 1499) was born in Hejian. He was born in Xiuning County, Huizhou Prefecture, South Zhili, and was born in zhongtunwei, Shenyang. Later, he lived in Huangdun, Shexian county (in today's Tunxi), so it was also called chenghuangdun. The son of Cheng Xin, the Minister of the Ministry of war of Nanjing.

When he was ten years old, he was recommended as a "child prodigy" to the imperial court. He was ordered by the emperor to study in the Imperial Academy. In the second year of Chenghua (1466), there were one and two Jinshi, the least among the 350 people in the same list. Li official left Yu De, speak directly about the East Palace, knowledgeable, for the time of the crown. Xiaozong heir position, promote less Zhan things, straight through the banquet, the official end of the Ministry of rites right servant. Later, Xu Jing and Tang Yin were falsely accused and sent to prison. After he was released from prison, he was angry and died of carbuncle. He presented the Secretary of the Ministry of gifts.

Cheng Minzheng has long eyebrows and beard, and the spirit of the wind is clear and luxuriant. Good at talking, good at reading. His articles are highly praised by his peers. His works include Huang Mingwen Heng, Yong Shi, song Yimin Lu, Cheng's genealogy, Cheng's Yifan collection, Huangdun manuscript, etc

Tourism information

Location: Cheng's three houses are located in Baishu street, Tunxi District, Huangshan City

Ticket price: 30 yuan

Opening hours: 8:30-17:00

Address: No.6, 7, 28, Dongli lane, Baishu street, Tunxi District, Huangshan City

Longitude: 118.31865860522

Latitude: 29.709025105353

Tel: 0559-87373225; 0559-2

Tour time: 1 hour

Traffic information: walk about 15 minutes from the old street via Limin Road and laowuli lane; or take bus No.5 and get off at LiuXiao station. After getting off, there is RT Mart in front. Go straight along the lane beside RT mart for 100 meters. You can see the sign of Cheng's sanzhai. Turn left along the direction and walk 20 meters

Ticket information: 30 yuan

Opening hours: 8:30-17:00

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Shi San Zhai