China's first onshore oil well

China's first oil well is located in Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi Yanchang oil is famous at home and abroad. China is the first country to discover and use oil in the world, and Yanchang County in Shaanxi Province is the first place to discover and use oil in China. Our ancestors discovered oil more than 2000 years ago. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous historian Ban Gu's Hanshu geographic records recorded that gaonu County in Shangjun county had "water and fat". Gaonu in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is near Yan'an today, includes Yanchang and Yanchuan. Jishui is a tributary of Yanhe River. It shows that there was floating crude oil on the river at that time, which could be burned. Later, Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote a note to the water classic, which said: "Qingshui and Dongjing (Jing) are connected with Fenglin water in gaonu County, and the geographical records call it Jishui. Therefore, there is water in gaonu County, where fertilizer is combustible and water has fertilizer, which can be used. " It shows that as far back as the Han Dynasty, the people of our country were able to use oil. The modern exploitation of Yanchang oil began in 1896. According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, mining administration, "petroleum is run by Shaanxi Yanchang, Gansu Yumen, Xinjiang korkhara Wusu", together with other minerals, "either by government, or by business, or jointly by government and business.". Yanchang oil mine is the mother of China's petroleum industry. After the Opium War, the imperialist powers invaded China one after another in an attempt to invade the oil resources in Northern Shaanxi. In 1903, a Frenchman named hannagen went to northern Shaanxi to make a reconnaissance. He returned to Tianjin and conspired with German consul and German merchant Shichang to plunder Yanchang oil exploitation rights. He colluded with Yu Yanbiao of Dali County and signed a private contract with Yanchang gentlemen Liu Dexin and Zheng Mingde to exploit Yanchang oil. The incident aroused the great indignation of the Shaanxi people, which was immediately discovered by the local government. Under the patriotic momentum of the National People protecting roads and mines, the governor of Shaanxi took the exploitation right to the state, resisting the imperialist plot to plunder and extend the oil. The government began to pay attention to Yanchang oil. In October 1904, Cao Hongxun, the governor of Shaanxi Province, played the role of the imperial court and allocated 8100 liang of silver as capital

China's first onshore oil well

China's first onshore oil well is located in the playground of petroleum hope primary school in the west of Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province. It was formerly known as "Yanchang Petroleum official factory". Founded in 1905, it is the earliest onshore oilfield in China.

The production of oil from this well ended the history of no oil production on land in China.

Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

summary

Records in ancient books

The discovery and utilization of petroleum began in Han Dynasty. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the historian Ban Gu recorded that gaonu County in Shangjun had "water and fat". Gaonu in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is near Yan'an today, includes Yanchang and Yanchuan. Jishui is a tributary of Yanhe River. It shows that there was floating crude oil on the river at that time, which could be burned.

Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "notes to the water classic" says: "clear water and East path (Jing) gaonu County hefenglin water, the geographical records call it Jishui. Therefore, there is water in gaonu County, where fertilizer is combustible and water has fertilizer, which can be used. "

Shen Kuo, a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty, also investigated and studied the oil in Yanchang area of Northern Shaanxi, which was recorded in Mengxi Bi Tan, and put forward the scientific name of "oil" for the first time.

Mining background

The earliest record of petroleum development can be found in the records of Yuan Yi Tong Zhi: "a well of petroleum has been drilled in Nanying river of Yanchang county. Its oil is combustible, and it can also cure six kinds of animal scabies. The exploitation of Yanchang oil began in 1896.

According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, mining administration, "petroleum is run by Shaanxi Yanchang, Gansu Yumen, Xinjiang korkhara Wusu", together with other minerals, "either by government, or by business, or jointly by government and business.". Yanchang oil mine is the mother of China's petroleum industry.

In 1903, a Frenchman named hannagen went to northern Shaanxi to make a reconnaissance. He returned to Tianjin and conspired with German consul and German merchant Shichang to plunder Yanchang oil exploitation rights. He colluded with Yu Yanbiao of Dali County, Liu Dexin and Zheng Mingde of Yanchang county to sign a private contract to exploit Yanchang oil. The incident aroused the great indignation of the Shaanxi people, which was immediately discovered by the local government. Under the patriotic momentum of the National People protecting roads and mines, the governor of Shaanxi took the exploitation right to the state, resisting the imperialist plot to plunder and extend the oil.

Trial production process

The government began to pay attention to Yanchang oil.

In November 1904, the governor of Shaanxi Province Cao Hongxun Qin asked to set up Yanchang oil plant on a trial basis. With the permission of the decree, he allocated 8100 liang of silver as capital and appointed Hongyin, the county magistrate, as the general office. The composition of the oil is very good.

In 1905, Yanchang Petroleum official Mining Bureau (Yanchang Petroleum official factory) was founded, and the army was sent to build the road from Xi'an to Yanchang in sections.

According to the introduction of masanoro Abe, a Japanese teacher in Shaanxi, he hired Mishiro Sato as a technician, sent people to Japan to buy drilling and refining machines, and employed six Japanese drilling technicians. The Shaanxi provincial government also sent four people from Yunfei to Japan to study petroleum engineering. On April 25, 1907, the first oil well was drilled outside the west gate of Yanchang County, with a daily output of 1.5 tons.

The well is the first well in Chinese mainland to obtain industrial oil flow.

name

This is the first oil well in China, known as Yanyi well in history. The success of drilling and production in this well marks the beginning of China's industrial oil exploitation, and has since opened a new page in the history of China's oil development, ending the history of oil free history in Chinese mainland.

In 1985, State Councilor Kang Shien named the well "China's first onshore oil well". This well has been preserved up to now as a witness of history.

China's first onshore oil well is located in Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi Yanchang oil is famous at home and abroad. China is the first country to discover and use oil in the world, and Yanchang County in Shaanxi Province is the first place to discover and use oil in China.

exploitation

The lamp oil refined by Yanchang Petroleum is "better than that made in Japan, and can rival that made in the United States". The news caused a sensation in China and the world. In addition to Japan, the United States has also extended a "helping" hand. Czarist Russia and Germany are also salivating over the extension of oil production, which is opposed by the Chinese people.

1935, extended liberation. Yanchang oil mine returned to the embrace of the people and was owned by the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. During the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation, the support of the border region government was extended and production expanded. During the 14 years from 1936 to 1949, a total of 25 wells were drilled and 319 tons of crude oil was produced, with an average annual output of 1.24 times higher than that of the previous 26 years, which strongly supported the front line and was known as the "meritorious oil mine".

In 1944, Mao Zedong personally wrote an inscription for Chen Zhenxia, the director of Yanchang oil factory and a special labor model in the border region: "work hard.".

In 1978, Yanyi well was deepened to 118 meters, and in 1985, it was deepened to 152 meters. The oil production tools were changed from the original rowing machine to the modern pumping unit, and the daily oil production reached 3000 kg.

present situation

In 1985, Kang Shien, former Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of the Ministry of petroleum, inscribed "China's first onshore oil well" for the well.

In 1996, "Yanyi well" was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

In 1997, the well was shut down for protection.

Address: Playground of petroleum hope primary school in the west of Yanchang County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Longitude: 110.005446

Latitude: 36.578599

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Lu Shang Di Yi Kou You Jing