Mantang Hakka Dawei

Mantang Hakka Wai was first built in 1836, which lasted 24 years. There are 777 rooms in the main Wai, with "three functions and nine wonders". It is an outstanding representative of the "Fangwei" series of residential buildings. It is the most popular residential building in Guangdong and has long been known as "the first Wai in Lingnan".

All around the hall

synonym

Mantang Hakka Wai generally refers to Mantang Wai

Mantang Wai, also known as Mantang Hakka Dawei, is located in Aizi Town, Shixing County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. It was built in 1836, covering an area of 13860 square meters, a projection area of 11682 square meters and a building area of 34010 square meters.

Mantangwei is the most complete one of the 200 well preserved Hakka enclosed houses in Shixing County, and it is also one of the largest Hakka enclosed houses in Guangdong Province.

Mantang Hakka Wai is an outstanding representative of "Fangwei" series in Chinese residential buildings. It is the largest brick and tile structure Wai Building in Guangdong Province. It has the reputation of "the first Wai in Lingnan". It is one of the most distinctive buildings in Hakka residential buildings,

Its architectural layout is a combination of ancient castles and courtyard houses in the north. It integrates the ancient and modern Hakka architectural styles. It has high scientific and artistic value. It provides valuable material resources for the study of Hakka folk customs and the origin and development of modern architecture, and has important value for the study of ancient architecture.

In November 1996, mantangwei was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In January 2016, Mantang Hakka Dawei won the honor of national AAA scenic spot.

Historical evolution

It was built in 1836 and completed in 1860. It lasted 24 years.

In 1991, ye Xuanping, then vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, visited Aizi Hakka Dawei and wrote the inscription: Mantang Hakka Dawei.

In 2006, Mantang Hakka Dawei started the largest protection and maintenance project since its establishment. The first phase investment of this maintenance is more than 3 million yuan.

In July 2007, the first phase maintenance project of Mantang Hakka Dawei passed the inspection and acceptance of Guangdong Provincial Heritage expert group, and the project quality was assessed as good.

In September 2008, mantangwei Scenic Area officially opened.

Architectural features

structure

Mantang Hakka Wai is a square Wai, which is a quadrangle building with brick and stone structure in the Qing Dynasty. It is made of green brick, river stone, tile wood, etc., and is connected by three small Wai buildings, namely upper, middle and lower. Overlooking the building, it is in the shape of "Hui". The Wai floor is 178.8 meters wide and 83.4 meters deep. The floor is composed of two and five floors of different specifications. The middle Wai Building is 16.9 meters high, and the other two lower Wai buildings are used to guard its front and back. There are three buildings in the enclosure: the central part is the "central enclosure", the southern part is the "shangxinwu", and the northern part is the "xiaxinwu".

Mantang Hakka Dawei has three building units, each with four corners, and 12 watchtowers. There are 4 gardens, 6 ancestral halls, 17 meeting halls, 16 patios, 4 wells, 777 bedrooms, kitchens, grain storage rooms, chores rooms, toilets, livestock sheds and other large and small rooms.

characteristic

as strong as iron

The direction of Mantang Hakka grand circle is north by West and south by east; the whole grand circle is backed by green mountains and river.

 

The wall base of Mantang Hakka Dawei is very strong, generally 0.6 meters thick. The main wall base of Zhongwei building is 2.4-8.2 meters thick, all of which are made of river pebbles with granite strips placed in the corner.

 

The wall is full of various lookout holes and shooting holes. Only one gate is opened to the outside of each building. The door plate is wrapped with iron sheet and has a horizontal top of iron bar. If a burglar invades, once the gate is closed, the enclosed building will become a solid castle. There are pools on both sides or at the top of the gate. If an enemy sets fire to the gate, as long as the mechanism is opened, the full water in the pool can pour down to put out the fire.

The green bricks of the wall of the whole Dawei building are ground manually. The door frame, window frame, steps, corridor edge and well platform are made of granite. The floor of corridor and courtyard is paved with river stone to form flowers and various patterns. The doors, windows and family tables are carved with flowers, birds, animals and other patterns and pasted with gold and platinum. Mantang Hakka Wai is built on the beach where the two rivers meet. Its foundation is made of pine wood.

 

Shiwei building

The materials used in Mantang Hakka Dawei are very exquisite. Most of the stones used are granite, big grindstone and other hard materials. Even the pebbles used for paving paths and courtyards are strictly selected. There are certain requirements for size, shape and color.

The facade, ground and columns of Mantang Hakka building are made of solid granite, and the walls of the building are made of blue brick. The green brick of the wall is smooth and regular after manual grinding. The door frame, window frame, steps, gallery edge and well platform are made of granite, solid and generous. The floor of the corridor and courtyard is paved with river stones to form flowers and various patterns.

 

 

Geomantic treasure land

The site selection of Mantang Hakka Dawei reflects the traditional geomantic thoughts of Hakkas. Mantang Hakka Dawei is located on the beach where the Huangshui River and Shishui River meet, which means that the river is full of boats and the water is rising. The building is located in the northwest, facing Southeast, with Mawei Shishan on its back, Qichong mountain on its back, and southeast to Shuikou.

 

Mantang Hakka Dawei covers an area of more than 13000 square meters, and its sitting directions are north by West and south by East. The whole Dawei is backed by green mountains and river.

 

The left, middle and right (shangxinwei, zhongxinwei and xiaxinwei) units of Mantang Hakka Wai are planned and constructed in strict accordance with the traditional Fengshui concept.

There are five prominent points at the top of the whole building, which means "Wuzi Dengke".

 

There is a water well in the east of the central courtyard, a pomelo tree in the distance, and a hibiscus tree on the other side, which means Daji (Orange) Dali (LI); osmanthus trees with red flowers and white flowers are planted on the East and west sides of the backyard, which are called golden osmanthus and silver osmanthus, which means "golden mountain and silver mountain are endless". In the open space to the north of the center, a large Taiji map of heaven and earth, yin and Yang, is paved with river pebbles, which reflects the steadiness and implicitness of Confucianism and the natural harmony of the unity of heaven, earth and man.

 

Harmony between man and nature

The three units of Mantang Hakka Da Wai, left, middle and right (Shangxin Wai, Zhongxin Wai and Xiaxin Wai), are planned and constructed in strict accordance with Confucian concepts.

 

The center circle is slightly higher than the middle one, with three floors inside and outside, and the outer layer is the side house guarding the main circle. Entering the main circle through the main gate, there is a reception hall on both sides, which is divided into male and female. The cottages lined up on both sides of the reception hall are domestic servants' houses. The upper and lower new fences on both sides of the center circle are closely connected to the left and right, and the master and slave are orderly, rigorous and symmetrical. There are 9 halls, 12 courtyards, 4 wells, 28 patios, 17 meeting halls, 6 ancestral halls and 777 rooms in Dawei. The corridors, doorframes, windows, steps, eaves, well edges, furniture and so on are decorated with exquisitely carved auspicious patterns. In the open space to the north of the central Wai, a large Taiji map of heaven and earth Yin and Yang is paved with river pebbles It is not only the steadiness and implicitness of Confucianism, but also reflects the natural harmony of the unity of heaven, earth and man.

 

Seven character worship

In Taoist culture, "7" is an auspicious number, and Guan qianrong, the host of mantangwei, admires Taoist culture very much. Therefore, the seven character worship of mantangwei is as follows: a total of 777 rooms, 17 conference halls, a maximum of 17 meters, seven ladders, seven window bars, seven auspicious patterns of peony, lotus, osmanthus, plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and tassel, and seven thresholds lead to seven doors.

 

 

Cultural relics

Plaque

There are two plaques in Dawei of Hakka. First, ye Xuanping, then vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, inscribed the plaque of "Mantang Hakka Wai". The second is a stone plaque inlaid on the lintel of the central Wai of Mantang Hakka. It is written by Qian Rong, the master officer of Mantang Hakka Wai. The inscription says: "for many years, I have been forced to be vigilant by small policemen. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new enclosure for the purpose of dwelling and avoiding the crowd.

 

 

Wufu round carving painting

Mantangwei contains Wufu (fortune, fortune, longevity, happiness and fortune) auspicious culture, including Caixing building, Shouxing building, Fuxing building, Luxing building, Xixing building, Wufu culture building, caiwen Gallery, Shouwen Gallery, Fuwen Gallery, Luwen Gallery, Xiwen Gallery, Wufu culture gallery. In the Wufu culture building, there are round sculptured statues of the God of fortune, the God of fortune, the God of longevity, the God of joy and the God of wealth. In the Wufu culture gallery, there are colorful paintings of the culture of fortune, the God of fortune, the God of fortune, the God of longevity, the God of joy and the God of wealth. The whole mantangwai and its history and culture are very thick, permeated with five blessings (fortune, fortune, longevity, happiness and wealth) culture, such as praying for blessings, increasing official salaries, prolonging life, having many happy events, and having a prosperous fortune.

 

Cultural Activity

In September 2008, Shixing held the fumantang Tourism Culture Festival in Mantang Hakka Dawei.

 

In October 2017, the "five blessings for National Day" ceremony was held in Mantang Hakka Wai

Chinese PinYin : Man Tang Ke Jia Da Wei