Jiangdong Bridge

Jiangdong Bridge is one of the ten famous bridges in ancient China. Together with Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Anping bridge in Jinjiang and Longjiang bridge in Fuqing, it is called the "four big stone bridges in Fujian" in ancient times. In recent years, it has been listed as the largest stone bridge in the world by the book "the most in the world".

Jiangdong Bridge

Jiangdong Bridge Bridge), formerly known as hudu bridge, Jiangdong ancient bridge and Tongji Bridge, is a bridge connecting the Taiwan investment zone and Longwen District in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located on the Beixi (Liuying River) waterway of the Jiulong River. It is the largest and most reconstructed Shiliang bridge in the world. It was called "the thoroughfare of three provinces" and "the important town of eight Fujian". It is one of the top ten famous bridges in ancient China. It was once a must of Fujian Guangdong and Fujian Hunan highways The road of the classics.

During the reign of song Shaoxi (1190-1194), a floating bridge was erected at Jiangdong Bridge; in the seventh year of song Jiading (1214), a wooden bridge with stone piers was built and named "Tongji Bridge", also known as "hudu bridge"; in the first year of song Jiaxi (1237), hudu bridge was rebuilt into a beam type stone bridge; in March of the first year of song Chun (1241), hudu bridge was put into use; in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), hudu bridge was rebuilt into a simple stone bridge Reinforced concrete bridge, and renamed "Jiangdong Bridge";

In 1930, the Jiangdong Bridge was completed and opened to traffic; in 1938, the garrison of the national government bombed the Jiangdong Bridge after the fall of Xiamen to prevent Japanese troops from invading Zhangzhou, and then three sections were bombed by Japanese aircraft; in 1953, the Jiangdong Bridge was rebuilt into a reinforced concrete beam Bailey frame wooden bridge; in 1972, the Jiangdong Bridge was rebuilt into a concrete highway bridge.

Jiangdong Bridge is located at the junction of Zhangzhou Taiwan investment zone and Longwen district (actually under the jurisdiction of Longhai City), Fujian Province. The bridge starts from Xishan Road in the East, crosses Jiulongjiang waterway in the East and ends at Jiangdong Street in the West. The total length of the bridge is 284.46 meters and the width is 6.1 meters.

Construction process

Hudu bridge, Tongji Bridge

During the reign of Shaoxi in Song Dynasty (1190-1194 AD), Zhao Boye, the governor of Zhangzhou, built a floating bridge on Jiangdong Bridge. However, due to the wide river and the surging waves, the floating bridge was often destroyed.

 

In the seventh year of Jiading in Song Dynasty (A.D. 1214), Zhangzhou prefect Zongzheng and Shaoqing zhuangxia built a wooden bridge with stone piers at Jiangdong Bridge, named "Tongji Bridge", also known as "hudu bridge".

 

In the first year of song Jiaxi (1237 AD), hudu bridge was destroyed by fire. Li Shao, the prefect of Zhangzhou, proposed to rebuild the Liang style stone bridge, and donated 500000 yuan. Yan Yizhong, the Minister of Li's Ministry of official affairs, and Meng Shuo guncheng, the son of Chuang Xia, the former prefect of Zhangzhou, now appropriated ten thousand silver coins from the Treasury, and mobilized monks and disciples of Tingrui to copy it everywhere. It took three years and a month to build the stone bridge.

 

In March of the first year of song Chun (1241 A.D.), hudu bridge was built and put into use. The bridge is more than 200 Zhang long, eight Zhang high, six feet wide and six feet thick. There are pavilions and nunneries in the East and west of the bridge.

 

During the Yuan Dynasty, hudu bridge was destroyed by the war.

 

In 1398 A.D., Qian Guxun, the magistrate of Zhangzhou, built a wooden bridge over the stone beam of the original hudu bridge.

 

In 1437 ad, the bridge deck of hudu bridge was destroyed.

 

In the sixth year of Zhengtong of Ming Dynasty (1441 AD), Ganying, the magistrate of Zhangzhou, asked to rebuild hudu bridge.

 

In the 11th year of Zhengtong (1446 AD), Chen Zuo sent Zeng Fu and others to assist in the repair of hudu bridge.

 

In the 12th year of Zhengtong reign of the Ming Dynasty (1447 AD), the reconstruction of hudu bridge was completed, and the original stone beams were used to reconstruct the bridge.

 

In 1539, Wang shisha, the acting governor of the Ming Dynasty, once again appropriated money for the construction of hudu bridge. Gu Sike, the governor of Zhangzhou, recruited people to construct the bridge. With the efforts of the people, the new Shiliang bridge was completed in the winter of the next year.

 

From 1461 to 1756 A.D., the tiger ferry bridge was destroyed by hurricanes, by pirates, or by broken stone beams. Finally, it was divided into 19 holes with different lengths.

 

Jiangdong Bridge

In the 17th year of the Republic of China, in order to build Zhangsong highway, it was decided to rebuild Shiliang bridge into a simple reinforced concrete bridge. As hudu bridge is located at the intersection of Beixi and Xixi of Jiulong River, the easternmost side of Beixi, it was renamed "Jiangdong Bridge".

 

In 1929, Jiangdong Bridge was rebuilt into a highway bridge.

 

In 1930, Jiangdong Bridge was completed and opened to traffic.

In 1938, during the war of resistance against Japan, in order to prevent Japanese troops from invading Zhangzhou, the garrison bombed Jiangdong Bridge after the fall of Xiamen, and then three sections of it were bombed by Japanese planes, which broke Jiangdong Bridge to pieces.

 

In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Jiangdong Bridge was repaired by Zhangsong automobile company. However, due to limited funds, only the damaged part of the bridge was connected with wooden temporary bridge to maintain the traffic.

 

In 1949, when the Kuomintang troops retreated, the wooden bridge of Jiangdong Bridge was burned down again, and the bridge was interrupted again.

 

At the beginning of 1950, Fujian Provincial Highway Bureau built the wooden temporary bridge of Jiangdong Bridge.

 

In 1953, the highway construction headquarters of Fujian Province rebuilt the Jiangdong Bridge into a reinforced concrete beam Bailey frame wooden bridge.

 

In April 1962, it was found that the old foundation of Jiangdong Bridge had been emptied in longxiyang section. Cement was packed in sacks and sent to the bottom of the river by divers to block the foundation. The surrounding rocks were riprapped for reinforcement. The project was completed in half a year.

 

In April 1967, in the first hole at the east end of Jiangdong Bridge, an additional pier was built using the old pier foundation to shorten the span, with 128.9 cubic meters of masonry.

 

In 1969, because the wooden deck of Jiangdong Bridge was perishable, the car track slab needed to be replaced every year, and a major renovation was carried out every two or three years. Jiangdong Bridge was completely rebuilt into a reinforced concrete T-shaped continuous beam deck.

 

In 1972, Jiangdong Bridge was rebuilt into a national highway bridge with concrete structure according to the Chinese national standard. Five undamaged piers and two intact ancient stone beams were preserved during the construction.

 

On June 2, 2007, the Beixi river of the Jiulong River was flooded, the slope protection on the West Bank of the Jiangdong Bridge was washed away by the flood, the first bridge hole was broken, six old bridge slabs were washed into the Jiulong River, and the bridge body was broken for more than 10 meters; on June 9, the four I-beams fixed under the broken bridge slab of the Jiangdong Bridge were washed away by the flood, and the hanging bridge slab appeared cracks of more than 20 cm, which was found in the office of Zhangzhou cultural relics management committee of Fujian Province More than 600 cubic meters of stones were carried to fill the emptied slope bank; houjiangdong bridge was fully restored, including 5 old piers, 9 residual piers, 2 Diamond walls supporting the old piers, 10 old bridge slabs weighing more than 200 tons, and 3 bridge pavilions and railings.

 

Bridge location

Jiangdong Bridge is located in the west side of Jiangdong farm, jiaomei Town, Zhangzhou Taiwan investment zone, Fujian Province, and the east side of Wupu village, Lantian street, Longwen district (actually under the jurisdiction of Bangshan Town, Longhai City). It starts from Xishan Road in the East, connects with National Highway 324 (Yingbin Avenue), crosses Beixi waterway of Jiulong River, and ends at Jiangdong Street in the west, connecting with National Highway 324 (Yingbin Avenue). It was once the only way for Fujian Guangdong and Fujian Hunan highways.

 

 

Architectural design

building structure

As of October 1993, the main foundation, pier, beam and deck of Jiangdong Bridge were composed of 15 old piers, including 4 old ship shaped piers and large stone beams at the west end of the bridge, and the other 11 new stone piers were built by using the old foundation. The first pier at the east end of the bridge was blocked and could not play the role of drainage, so it was changed into stone abutment. The span of the original middle hole was too large. A stone wall was built by using the old abutment, and one hole was changed into two holes and one hole was blocked, By adding one hole, the number of holes in the original bridge remains unchanged, and the bridge deck is a reinforced concrete T-shaped continuous beam.

 

Design parameters

As of October 1993, Jiangdong Bridge is 284.46 meters long and 6.1 meters wide, with 16 spans ranging from 11.7 meters to 23.4 meters, 0.5 meters on both sides of the sidewalk. Each stone beam is 22-23 meters long, 1.15-1.5 meters wide and 1.3-1.6 meters thick, with an average weight of about 200 tons. The largest stone beam is 23.7 meters long, 1.7 meters wide and 1.9 meters high, with a weight of more than 200 tons. The designed truck is 13 tons and trailer is 60 tons.

 

 

Operation

Traffic matters

As of October 2012, except pedestrians, all motor vehicles and non motor vehicles are prohibited to pass Jiangdong Bridge.

 

Construction achievements

Technical problems

Jiangdong Bridge, formerly known as Liuying River, used to be a ferry crossing between Tianjin and Tianjin. There are steep mountains on both sides of the river. The river is wide and torrential. It is shocking to cross the river by boat. The largest stone beam of Jiangdong Bridge is 23.7 meters long, 1.7 meters wide and 1.9 meters high. It weighs more than 200 tons. Even today, it is very difficult to mine, transport and erect such a stone beam . In ancient times, it was very difficult to mine this huge stone beam. Moreover, the downstream of Jiangdong Bridge is the sea mouth, and the terrain is relatively flat, so there is no large stone source for mining

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Dong Qiao