Ladder

The ladder is one of the main landscapes in Langyatai scenic area. Behind the Xufu hall, on the connecting line between Langyatai and zhenggaoshan, there is a granite step road curved along the hillside, just like a white silk ribbon floating down from the sky. People call it a cloud ladder. According to local records, this was one of the three imperial roads for Emperor Qinshihuang to climb Langyatai. It is 152 meters high and 2.8 meters wide, with 336 steps and four platforms. The hillsides on both sides of the ladder are full of trees, shrubs, vines and other vegetation.

Ladder

In ancient times, the ladder belongs to war equipment, which is used to climb the city wall and attack the city.

Ancient ladder, some with wheels, can drive, it is also known as "ladder car", equipped with shield, winch, grapple and other equipment, some with useful pulley lifting equipment.

Modern climbing refers to a kind of climbing tools, mainly used for fire fighting and rescue.

Ladder in garden architecture belongs to a kind of rock layout.

That is, the outdoor stairs made of rocks.

brief introduction

Ladder, a modern climbing tool, is mainly used for fire fighting and emergency rescue;

In ancient times, it belonged to war equipment, which was used to climb the city wall and attack the city.

In ancient China, there were wheels under the ladder, which could drive the car, so it was also called "ladder car". It was equipped with shield, winch, grapple and other equipment, some with pulley lifting equipment.

It is generally believed that the ladder was invented by Lu Ban, gongshupan, a skilled craftsman of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period. At that time, King Hui of Chu ordered gongshupan to make the first ladder in history in order to achieve the goal of becoming the leader.

In Huai Nan Zi Bing Lue Xun, Xu Shen notes that "the cloud ladder can stand on the cloud, so it can overlook the enemy's city", which shows that the cloud ladder can be used to detect the enemy's situation from a distance.

In landscape architecture, the ladder belongs to a kind of rock layout, that is, the outdoor stairs made of rock, which can not only save the use of indoor building area, but also become a natural rock landscape.

Evolution course

The siege equipment used to climb the city wall in ancient Chinese wars.

"Huainanzi · Bing luexun" Xu Shen notes: "the cloud ladder can stand on the cloud, so it overlooks the enemy's city."

Therefore, climbing high to detect the enemy's situation is another function of the ladder. It is generally believed that the inventor of the ladder was a craftsman of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period.

Judging from the pattern of the bronze mirror of the Warring States period, the cloud ladder is composed of three parts

(1) The bottom is equipped with wheels, which can be moved;

(2) The ladder can be lifted up and down by human force, leaning on the wall of the city;

(3) The top of the ladder is equipped with a hook to hook the edge of the city and protect the ladder head from being rejected and damaged by the garrison.

The cloud ladder in Tang Dynasty is much better than that in Warring States period

The ladder body (main ladder) is fixed on the chassis at a certain angle;

In addition to the main ladder, there is a movable ladder (auxiliary ladder) on the top of which is equipped with a pair of windlass. When climbing the city, it can slide up and down along the wall of the city wall, which is called flying cloud ladder;

At the bottom of the ladder, "big wood is used as the bed, and six wheels are placed under it.".

Because the main ladder adopts a fixed device, it simplifies the ladder erecting procedure and shortens the time of ladder erecting, while the design of the movable ladder to the city greatly reduces the height of the ladder before connecting with the enemy. When attacking a city, you only need to dock the main ladder at the bottom of the city, and then set up the upper ladder on the main ladder, so as to "pillow the city" and "go up". Thus, the danger and difficulty of erecting the ladder in front of the enemy can be reduced, and at the same time, it can ensure that the ladder does not approach the edge of the city too early before climbing the city, so as to avoid the damage of the garrison.

In the Song Dynasty, the structure of the ladder was further improved by using a folding structure connected by a rotating shaft in the middle and adding protective facilities at the bottom of the ladder.

In addition, the city ladder (auxiliary ladder) also appeared in various forms, such as flying ladder, bamboo flying ladder, tiptop flying ladder and so on.

These improvements made the movement of climbing the city to meet the enemy simple and rapid.

It is said that the cloud ladder was invented by Lu Ban, a craftsman in the spring and Autumn period. In fact, it existed as early as the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and was named "gouyuan" at that time. In the spring and Autumn period, Lu Ban improved it.

During the Warring States period, the ladder was composed of wheels, ladder body and hook.

The ladder can be lifted up and down to the city wall;

There is a hook at the top of the ladder, which is used to hook the edge of the city;

There are wheels under the ladder, which can be moved.

The cloud ladder in Tang Dynasty is much better than that in Warring States period

The base frame of the ladder is made of wood, with six wheels under it. The ladder body is fixed on the chassis at a certain angle. Besides the main ladder, a movable "auxiliary ladder" is added, and a pair of windlass is installed on the top. When climbing the city, the ladder can move up and down freely along the city wall, and no one needs to carry it.

At the same time, due to the fixed installation of the main ladder, the procedure of erecting the ladder is simplified and the time of erecting the ladder is shortened. When the army is attacking a city, it only needs to dock the main ladder under the city, and then mount the auxiliary ladder on the main ladder, so that it can "pillow the city and go up", thus reducing the danger and difficulty of erecting the ladder in front of the enemy.

In addition, because the ladder did not touch the edge of the city early before climbing the city, the destruction of the garrison could be avoided.

In Song Dynasty, the structure of the ladder was further improved.

According to Wu Jing Zongyao, the main ladder in Song Dynasty was also divided into two sections, with a folding structure and a rotating shaft in the middle.

This kind of shape is a bit like the foldable flyover used at that time. At the same time, there were various forms of auxiliary ladders, which made it easier and faster to climb the city to meet the enemy.

In order to ensure the safety of the ladder pusher, the Song Dynasty cloud ladder absorbed the improvement experience of the cloud ladder in the late Tang Dynasty. The bottom of the cloud ladder was designed as a model with shielding on all sides, and the outside was reinforced with raw cow hide. When the personnel wheeled in the shed close to the enemy wall, they could effectively resist the damage of the enemy's arrows.

After the Ming Dynasty, this huge heavy ladder was gradually abandoned because it could not resist the attack of firearms.

In ancient times, there were many kinds of ladders for siege, among which the ladder was huge, heavy and complicated.

The usage of the ladder in ancient times is as follows

There were many ways to attack the city in ancient times, but most of them were based on the premise of quickly climbing the city. The ladder must be bold, fast and take advantage of emptiness to enter the city. So there are all kinds of light and simple flying ladders commonly used.

In the Han Dynasty, the Han army attacked Zhizhi city. There was a wooden wall outside the city and an earthen wall inside. The defense was very tight.

The soldiers who attacked the city first used crossbows to fight back the garrison on the city, burned the wooden city with fire, and rushed into the wooden city with crossbows and long halberds. Then they quickly approached the Earth City, set up ladders on all sides, boarded the city on the edge of the ladder, and quickly smashed the inner city.

The way to attack the city is to attack by force. The confrontation time between the two sides should be shortened as far as possible, and the city defense should be broken quickly with one effort. Therefore, the light flying ladder must be used. The flying ladder is simple in structure, light in weight, and mostly made of wood and bamboo.

In the Song Dynasty, the flying ladder was 23 Zhang long, with two wheels at the head, which was convenient for ants to climb the city.

In addition, there are "avoid wood flying ladder", "tiptop flying ladder" and "bamboo flying ladder", which are slightly different in shape, but they are light and practical.

Application of modern ladder car

In ancient times, people used to work at height, bamboo or wooden ladder called ladder, it is bulky to use, there is no guarantee of safety.

Through technical improvement, modern people use manganese steel and aluminum alloy instead of raw materials to make the ladder. The scissor type elevator and aluminum alloy lifting platform are produced. They have beautiful appearance, convenient movement, quick installation and high safety performance. They are good helpers for aerial work.

Modern ladder car originated in Germany, the most widely used is South Korea, which is mostly used for moving. Ladder car has a history of more than 30 years.

China's production experience from industrialization to the beginning of the 21st century is zero.

During this period, there were also a few ladder cars, which were all imported from South Korea. The usage of Korean ladder cars was single, which could not meet the usage needs of China, and the after-sales service was extremely difficult.

It was not until 2012 that national patents were announced one after another, indicating the successful development of a new type of ladder, a convenient ladder truck bucket and a ladder feeder.

The ladder car is a kind of special operation vehicle for carrying materials upstairs by car ladder equipment. It has the characteristics of easy operation, strong flexibility, wide application, high efficiency and good performance.

Ladder truck is also called ladder truck, aerial work vehicle, ladder car.

The car is mainly used for project leasing, curtain wall construction, roof waterproof operation, solar energy installation, advertising anti-aircraft guns, electric power maintenance, air conditioning installation, moving company, cement and gravel handling, ship maintenance, road and bridge repair, etc.

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