Sakya Monastery

Sakya temple is located on the Bumo mountain in Sakya County, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is the main temple of Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1961, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. "Sakya" is a transliteration of Tibetan, which means "grey earth". In 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Kun gongchojebu (1034-1102), a descendant of the Kun family, a Tubo aristocrat, discovered a hillside on the south side of Benbo mountain. The soil was white and glossy. Now, Ruixiang invested in the construction of Sakya temple and gradually formed the Sakya sect. Sakya Temple daubs its walls with red which symbolizes Manjusri Bodhisattva, white which symbolizes Guanyin Bodhisattva and blue which symbolizes Vajrayana Bodhisattva, so Sakya school is also commonly known as "Hua Jiao". The Sakya school adopted two ways of inheritance: lineage and Legalism. After gonchajeb's death, his son gongganinbu (1092-1158) presided over the Sakya temple. Gongganinbu's erudition made the teaching method of Sakya more complete. He was honored as "sakhin" (Master Sakya) and was the first ancestor of the sect. Suonanfangmo, the second son of gongganingbu, was the second ancestor of Sakya. Zabajianzan, the third son, presided over Sakya temple for 57 years, and was the third ancestor. The eldest son of the fourth son bechinwob, sabangonggajianzan (1182-1251), is a famous figure of the Sakya school, also referred to as Saban, or Sakya Banzhida. In the early 13th century, the Mongolian tribes headed by Genghis Khan rose and unified the Central Plains by force. In 1240, before kuodan of the Yuan Dynasty entered Tibet, he wanted to summon sabangonggajianzan, who had a high reputation among various sects. In 1244, sabangonggajianzan led his nephew basiba (1235-1280) to Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu Province). In 1247, he met Kuo Duan in Liangzhou, and wrote letters to persuade the eminent monks and nobles of various sects in Tibet to accept the conditions of the Yuan Dynasty for Tibet, formally bringing Tibet into the territory of the motherland. After Kublai Khan unified the whole of China and established the central government of the Yuan Dynasty, he granted basiba the title of "imperial master" and granted Yuying to govern Buddhism in the whole country. That is to say, he managed Buddhism affairs in the whole country and assisted the central government to manage Tibet, commanding 130000 households in Tibet. Basiba followed Kublai Khan's instructions, checked household registration in Tibet and formulated laws. In 1268, he formally established the same structure as other provinces in China As a result, the Sakya faction reached its peak.

Sakya Monastery

Sakya Monastery is located at the foot of Benbo mountain in Sakya County, Xigaze Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is a Sakya Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism and the main monastery of Sakya sect.

Sakya temple was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 1961. "Sakya" is a transliteration of Tibetan, which means "grey earth". In 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Kun gongchojebu (1034-1102), a descendant of the Kun family, a Tubo aristocrat, discovered a hillside on the south side of Benbo mountain. The soil was white and glossy. Now, Ruixiang invested in the construction of Sakya temple and gradually formed the Sakya sect. Sakya Temple daubs its walls with red which symbolizes Manjusri Bodhisattva, white which symbolizes Guanyin Bodhisattva and blue which symbolizes Vajrayana Bodhisattva, so Sakya school is also commonly known as "Hua Jiao". There are precious Beiye scriptures, budejia Longma Sutra, murals of the Yuan Dynasty, ancient porcelain and other cultural relics in the temple.

Historical evolution

"Sa" in the name of Sakya Temple means "Tu", "Jia" means "gray white" in Tibetan, and "Sakya" means "gray white". It is named because there is a gray white rock on the hillside of Benbo mountain, which has been weathered like earth for many years. Sakya temple is divided into South and North temples. The Zhongqu river runs between the two temples. The North Temple is located under the "gray soil" rock of Benbo mountain on the north bank, and the South Temple is located on the Pingba on the South Bank of the river.

In 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Kun gongchojebu (1034-1102), a descendant of the Kun family, a Tubo aristocrat, discovered that on the south side of Benbo mountain, the soil was white, glossy and auspicious. He invested in the construction of the temple, which was later known as "Sakya kuopu", but it was very simple. This was the predecessor of Sakya North Temple. Since then, Sakya school has gradually formed. Sakya Temple uses red to symbolize Manjusri Bodhisattva, white to symbolize Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, and blue to symbolize Vajrayana Bodhisattva to smear the temple wall. Therefore, Sakya school is also commonly known as "Huajiao".

Sakya school adopts two ways of inheritance: lineage inheritance and Legalism inheritance. After the death of gongchojeb, his son gongganinbu (1092-1158) presided over Sakya temple. Gongganingbu's extensive knowledge made the teaching method of the Sakya school more perfect, so he was honored as "sakin" (Master Sakya) and became the first ancestor of the Sakya school. Suonanzumo, the second son of gongganingbu, is the second ancestor of Sakya. Zabajianzan, the third son, presided over the Sakya temple for 57 years and was the third ancestor of Sakya. The eldest son of the fourth son beiqinwobu, sabangonggajianzan (1182-1251), referred to as "Saban", or "Sakya Banzhida", is the fourth ancestor of Sakya.

There are more than 40 building units in Sakya temple, with a grand scale. In 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in Northern Song Dynasty), gongkejiebu built "Sakya kuobu", which was the predecessor of Sakya North Temple. At that time, the scale of North Temple was very small and the structure was very simple. Gongganingbu made an important contribution to the construction of Sakya North Temple. It created "lazhangxia" as a place for practicing Dharma, and then built "Gurong" complex, which was composed of Dharma protection temple, statue hall and library. The main building of Sakya North Temple, "wuziningma" hall was also founded by gongganingbu. It was expanded by its sons suonanzimu and zabajianzan, and later added Jinding.

In the Yuan Dynasty, a side hall with eight pillars was built on the west side of the hall, commonly known as "wuzisama hall". Later, successive Sakya kings successively expanded Sakya North Temple on the hillside and built many more buildings, forming a winding overlapping building complex of Sakya North Temple.

After the 14th century, due to the gradual transfer of the religious center to saganan temple, there was no large-scale construction of the North Temple.

In the 1950s, many buildings collapsed, and in the 1960s, they were destroyed by human activities. Most of the buildings were only dilapidated, and only a few of them were restored from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. After many times of expansion and renovation, sakyanan temple has formed a grand building complex with square plane and high walls, covering a total area of 14760 square meters. The earliest building in the city wall of saganan temple is Lacan chinmo (Great Buddha Hall).

In 1961, Sakya temple was designated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China. During the cultural revolution, Sakya temple was seriously damaged, and the northern Sakya Temple became a ruin. After the reform and opening up, Sakya temple has been gradually restored. At the beginning of the 21st century, the state listed the Sakya temple, potala palace and loprinka as the "three major cultural relics protection and maintenance projects" in Tibet Autonomous Region, and established the headquarters of the Sakya temple cultural relics protection and maintenance project, which is responsible for the overall work of the maintenance project.

From 2005 to 2007, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of archaeology cooperated with Tibet Institute of cultural relics protection to carry out comprehensive archaeological investigation and partial excavation protection on the site of Sakya North Temple.

architectural composition

Sakya North Temple

Sakya North Temple was built along the North Bank of Zhongqu river. There used to be some major buildings, such as ancient rongsengyar Buzhang, senkoningba (old palace), nu qumeizengca dianqupozhang (Shengle Palace), situogebima (situocuoqin Hall), mazurakan in uzzining, wuzisamalangda Gusong hall, dequepozhang, longjielacan, dukanglacan, yutulakan, xiazhulacan, etc Lazhang, duranglazhang, renqinganglazhang, Gandan lazhang, sukanglazhang, zhongqionglazhang, zhamuqilazhang, dudunta, Lingta group, nidala, xiadanlazhang and other ancillary buildings. During the cultural revolution, Sakya North Temple was destroyed, its buildings were destroyed, and its cultural relics were scattered. By the beginning of the 21st century, senkoningba had been restored according to its original appearance, with three floors high. The bottom floor is famous for Jiayang practice cave and the holy water in the cave.

Three of the four lazhang are distributed in the northern Sakya temple

Xi Tuo La Zhang: Xi Tuo La Zhang is 56.6 meters long and 40 meters wide. It is a rectangular courtyard with four floors and a total of 16.3 meters high. It turned out that this was the official residence of bashiba when he was king of Sakya and managed 130000 households in Weizang. Later, it was the seat of the government of the Sakya Dynasty, and eventually became one of the four major lazars.

Renqinganglazhang: it is a large-scale building in the basiba era, and it is one of the four lazhang.

Duquelachang: it is a large-scale building of the basaba era, and is one of the four major lachang.

Sakyanan Temple

Sakyanan temple is located on mayongzama Pingba on the South Bank of Zhongqu river. It is said that when the site of Nansi temple was first selected, monks and believers agreed that the temple must have the function of defense and fire prevention. Therefore, a gun was set up on the top of Benbo mountain and bachinpozhang, shooting stones at the bottom of the mountain to select points. As a result, one stone fell on the left side in front of the main hall, and another stone fell on the center of the main hall square. The spring immediately gushed out. Everyone thought that this was a sign of auspiciousness, so they decided The temple will be built here. In 1268, Sakyamuni Sakyamuni, the first Sakyamuni Sakyamuni (whose birth and death are unknown), designed and built the main hall of Sakyamuni on the basis of jerirakan. Later, Sakyamuni Sakyamuni (also known as "wuszang benchin", who was the chief executive of the Sakyamuni regime of the Yuan Dynasty) was successively expanded. The construction of Sakyamuni temple was completed only when the ninth Sakyamuni Allan (whose birth and death are unknown) was in office It's over.

Sakyanan temple is square, 214 meters long from east to west, 210 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 44940 square meters

Chinese PinYin : Sa Jia Si