Jiangnan Great Wall

Jiangnan Great Wall is Qi Jiguang's ancient battlefield against Japanese invaders in Ming Dynasty. There are many historic sites in the scenic area, such as urn City, enemy platform, city tower, Temple of heaven and so on. According to historical records, the hollow enemy platform of the northern Great Wall originated from the Linhai Great Wall (all built by Qi Jiguang), so the Linhai great wall and the northern Great wall formed an indissoluble bond, also known as "Jiangnan Badaling". With beautiful scenery, East Lake, Ziyang ancient street, Longxing ancient temple, Taizhou Confucius Temple and ancient city museum, it is an ideal place for your leisure and tourism.

traffic

Taizhou city wall

synonym

Jiangnan Great Wall generally refers to the city wall of Taizhou

Taizhou city wall, also known as Jiangnan Great Wall and Jiangnan Badaling, has a total length of more than 6000 meters and an existing length of more than 5000 meters. It starts from the range rover gate in the East, meanders along the ridge of Beigu mountain to the Yanxia Pavilion, reaches the East Bank of Lingjiang River in the steep rocks, and extends to the West foot of Jinshan. It looks down on the river according to the mountain, especially in the north.

Taizhou Fucheng wall was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was demolished, rebuilt and repaired many times in history. During the Yuan Dynasty, Taizhou Fucheng wall was not demolished because of its important function of flood prevention. The urn city was built in 1712, which is a Fucheng wall with dual functions of military defense and flood control.

In June 2001, Taizhou city wall was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as a national key cultural relics protection unit; in November 2012, the "Chinese Ming and Qing City Wall" composed of Taizhou city wall was included in the "China world cultural heritage preliminary list", which was praised as the "normal" and "blueprint" of Beijing Badaling and other great walls by Chinese ancient architect Mr. Luo Zhewen.

Historical evolution

In the first year of Yuanxing (402) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the governor Xin Jing built a Zicheng against sun en in Dagushan of Linhai, and the initial form of Taizhou city wall was formed.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Linhai was promoted to state governance, the administrative level was promoted, and the scale of Chengguo was expanded.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Taizhou came to the Song Dynasty, the battlements were removed to show sincerity.

During the period of emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the city wall was completely restored as it was. After the reconstruction, the "nine gates" regulation gradually formed, including the seven gates of Zhenning, Xingshan, Fengtai, Kuocang, Chonghe, Jingyue, Chaotian in the outer city and the two gates of shunzheng and Yanqing in Zicheng.

During the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, torrential rain triggered floods, which destroyed the walls of Taizhou government. Peng Siyu, the governor of Taizhou, restored the walls. "The city building is higher than before, and so is the firmness.". In this restoration project, the original rammed earth wall was wrapped with green bricks to enhance the stability and rigidity. The southwest water facing surface was built with stones. Later, Taizhou governor Qian Xuan "increased the battlements, built stones for the platform, and made the dike to defend it", which greatly strengthened the ability to prevent the flood of Lingjiang river. In addition, because the terrain of Linhai City is low in the East and high in the west, Beigushan stream converges in the East depression of the city, which is often caused by rainfall (that is, the water area before the expansion of the East Lake), so it is almost impossible to live and pass. Therefore, in 1071, according to the flow and direction of mountain torrents over the years, Qian Xuan moved the east wall to the west of the East Lake, expanded the water area of the East Lake, trimmed the coastline, and dredged the waterway between the East Lake and Lingjiang River, which not only relieved the threat of waterlogging, but also added a large-span natural moat to the east of Linhai City . As a result, the pattern of the city wall near the sea has basically taken shape.

In the early days of the Yuan Dynasty, many city walls were destroyed due to the need of the rule, and Taizhou city wall also survived because of the perfect flood control system.

In Ming Dynasty, the southeast coast of China was often attacked and plundered by Japanese pirates. Although the wall near the sea can block the flood, it can't resist the attack of Japanese pirates, and it often suffers heavy losses. In the 32nd year of Jiajing, after being plundered by Japanese pirates for many times and paying a heavy price, he spent a lot of money to strengthen the construction of the city defense system of the coastal city wall. In the 36th year of Jiajing, Qi Jiguang was stationed in Taizhou to fight against Japanese invaders. According to the characteristics of military defense, he further improved the defense ability of the coastal city wall.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658) of Qing Dynasty, the city wall was built again, which increased the height of the city wall, reduced the number of crenels, and formed a relatively perfect defense system and strong flood control capacity.

From 1956 to 1958, Chonghe gate on the east side of the city wall and the connected wall of about 1800 meters were gradually demolished. The former site was opened up as Donghu road and Daqiao road. Part of the bricks were used to repair small blast furnaces for steelmaking. The flood control effect of the walls on the West and south sides was obvious. The walls on the north side were in the rolling mountains, so the fate of demolition was avoided. The remaining parts along the river in the West and South sections of the city wall were about 2370 meters.

In 1962, the people's Government of Linhai County provided the open space of the east section of Beigu (100 meters long and 5 meters wide) for the antiaircraft artillery construction of the military area. At that time, the north wall had been basically damaged due to the demolition of nearby residents and other factors.

In 1984, Wangjiang gate was opened in the middle part of Xicheng (near the original Kuocang gate), connecting Jinshan Road and Wangjiang bridge in the East and west respectively.

In 1998, wangjiangmen was changed into a single hole, which was widened, increased and a city building was added.

In August 1995, Linhai City held a mobilization meeting to "build a famous city near the sea and repair the ancient city wall", calling on the citizens to "I will lay a brick for the famous city and all the people will repair the ancient city wall." In the same year, the restoration of Taizhou city wall began.

In 1998, after three years, all the walls of Taizhou government were restored, and the first Jiangnan Great Wall Festival ushered in the completion of the wall project of Taizhou government.

In June 2011, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology carried out an archaeological survey of Taizhou city wall. According to the archaeological exploration, the city walls of Taizhou prefecture were rebuilt in song, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively, which completely corresponded to the historical records, and each dynasty had a clear hierarchy. Due to the limitation of excavation depth and site selection, it is difficult to determine the wall of Tang Dynasty, but it can be determined that the extension time of Taizhou city wall was in the early Tang Dynasty.

Architectural features

It embodies the typical characteristics of the city wall regulation in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The specifications and layout of Taizhou city wall basically conform to the requirements of traditional ritual culture. It is the same administrative level as Xiangyang, Jingzhou and other Ming and Qing city walls, but it is bigger and stronger than before. It has the typical city defense unit and perfect city defense system of Ming and Qing city walls, which contains strong traditional cultural characteristics.

 

It has distinct regional characteristics

The site selection of Linhai ancient city is exquisite, and the form of its city wall follows the trend of the mountain. According to the military requirements of Anti Japanese, the city defense system is innovated by using the local physical and geographical characteristics, which strengthens the defense efficiency, and is highly coordinated with the geographical climate and social culture of the south, which has the shape characteristics of the south city wall. Because of the riverside and inshore, the function of flood control and anti Japanese is outstanding, which reflects the distinctive regional cultural characteristics.

 

With careful urban defense system

Although Linhai is only a city, its military defense system is complete, complex and innovative. Its architectural engineering and military defense technology level is no less than the border wall and capital wall of the same era.

 

Using superb City Building Technology

Taizhou city wall materials, brick masonry and quality management and the Ming and Qing Dynasties capital construction in one continuous line, the details of the design in place, reflecting the Ming and Qing Dynasties superb city building technology.

 

Cultural relics

Taizhou city wall is composed of city wall, city gate, city tower, urn, moat, city bridge, enemy platform, horse face, crenel and women's wall. From its function and importance of military defense, it can be divided into basic defense unit and core defense unit. The basic defense unit mainly refers to the city wall and moat; the core defense unit mainly refers to the gate, tower, urn, enemy platform and horse face.

 

wall

The total length of Taizhou city wall is about 6280 meters, the height of the city wall is 7 meters, and there are 7 gates. The city wall is trapezoidal in shape, with battlements on the outside of the top and women's walls on the inside. There are protruding horse faces on the wall at a certain distance. The wall of Taizhou government is rammed earth wall, which is wrapped with bricks. The bottom of the rammed soil layer is brown lime soil with the most hard texture. Then it is covered with a layer of 20-30 cm purple red soil cushion. The third layer is loess layer, and the surface layer is black soil layer. The method of middle rammed earth external brick masonry is used. In terms of construction methods, the Taizhou city wall is evenly mixed with soil and glutinous rice or clay, and then compacted. After natural air drying, it is extremely hard, and the rigidity and strength of the city wall are greatly improved.

 

city gate

There are seven gates in Taizhou, namely Chonghe gate in the East, Xingshan gate and Zhenning gate in the south, Jingyue gate in the southeast, Fengtai gate in the southwest, Kuocang gate and Chaotian gate in the West. Jingyue, Xingshan, Zhenning and Chaotian in the southwest are the main gates of Linjiang. Before the establishment of the riverside urn in 1712 (the 51st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), it was necessary not only to defend against the enemy's fire attack and the collision of siege weapons, but also to prevent flood, water and moisture. Therefore, the city gate not only adopts the arched gate opening, but also designs the city gate leaf which is higher than the top of the city gate opening, and the inner walls on both sides of the city gate expand outward from the gate mortar to 2.2 meters, and the depth is 0.4 meters, which is convenient for transportation, and thus forms a rectangular "skylight" space on the upper part. These skylights are about 4.3 to 5.1 meters long and 2.2 to 2.65 meters wide, which are quite unique. This is an isolated example that other Ming and Qing city walls do not have, and its function has not yet been determined

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Nan Zhang Cheng