The Tiananmen gate

Tiananmen tower is located at the north end of Tiananmen Square, on the central axis of Beijing. It is one of the most magnificent towers in ancient China. It is not only the center of Beijing, but also the symbol of new China. It is a place that every visitor to Beijing can't miss.

On Tiananmen Square, you can see the Tiananmen Gate Tower standing at a distance. At the foot of the tower, the red tower seen countless times in textbooks and TV is close at hand: the statue of Chairman Mao is hanging high in the center, and on both sides are the big words "long live the people's Republic of China" and "long live the great unity of the people of the world" in white on a red background. When you climb the city tower and stand where the leaders stood in those years, you can have a good view of Tiananmen Square and Changan Street. Many tourists imitate the classic waving posture of Chairman Mao's founding ceremony and take photos here. They have a wonderful sense of crossing and national pride. The interior of the tower is antique. You can visit the reception hall of that year, as well as the graphic exhibition. You can learn about the evolution of Tiananmen Square in various periods and the important activities held here.

Due to the large number of visitors, the city tower is often restricted. Visitors can complete the tour by going upstairs on one side and going downstairs on the other. After visiting the city tower, there are also famous scenic spots on Tiananmen Square, such as the monument to the people's heroes, Chairman Mao's memorial hall, the Great Hall of the people, and the National Museum of China. Through the Tiananmen tower, along the central axis continue to the north, you can also buy tickets to visit the Forbidden City.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that the night view of Tiananmen square tower is also very beautiful. When the lights are on, the tower lights up, and the other buildings on Tiananmen Square complement each other, which is particularly magnificent.

Tiananmen

synonym

Tiananmen Gate Tower generally refers to Tiananmen Gate (the gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the national symbol of China)

Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, and at the south end of the Forbidden City. It faces Tiananmen Square, the monument to the people's heroes, Chairman Mao's memorial hall, the Great Hall of the people, and the National Museum of China across Chang'an street. It covers an area of 4800 square meters and attracts worldwide attention for its outstanding architectural art and special political status.

Tiananmen Gate is the main gate of the imperial city of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in 1417, the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It was originally named chengtianmen gate, implying the meaning of "carrying heaven and receiving orders from heaven". The designer was Kuai Xiang, the imperial architect of Ming Dynasty. In 1651, it was renamed Tiananmen. It is composed of Chengtai and Chenglou. Xumizuo, with white marble, is 34.7 meters high. Tiananmen tower is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide. Under the platform of the city, there are five gates with the largest gate in the middle, which is located on the central axis of the imperial city of Beijing. In the past, only the emperor could get in and out from this gate. A portrait of Mao Zedong is hanging above the central entrance, with large slogans on both sides: "long live the people's Republic of China" and "long live the great unity of the people of the world".

On October 10, 1925, the Palace Museum was founded, and Tiananmen Square began to open to the public. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the people's Republic of China was held here, which was designed into the national emblem and became the symbol of the people's Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced that it was one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

yuan dynasty

In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty ordered Yanjing as the central capital, and in the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the central capital was changed into the capital. It took 18 years to build Dadu in Yuan Dynasty from 1267 to 1285. From the inside to the outside, most cities are Palace City, imperial city and big city.

the ming dynasty

In 1368, the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was founded. Xu Da, the general of the Ming Dynasty, led the army to conquer the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and renamed it Beiping.

In the first month of the first year of Yongle (1403), Zhu Di, the king of Yan, changed the name of Peiping to Beijing, temporarily known as "Xingzai" (the capital of the emperor when he was away). After being in place, the capital was moved from Nanjing to Beijing.

In 1417, craftsmen from all over the country were recruited to rebuild Beijing on a large scale. At that time, Kuai Xiang, a native of Xiangshan, Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, was ordered to design and build the Imperial Palace, which was responsible for the design and construction of Chengtian gate.

In 1420, Chengtian gate was built. It was a three story wooden square with yellow tile eaves. It was named Chengtian gate because it completely imitated the Chengtian gate in Nanjing. The plaque of "Chengtian gate" is suspended in the middle of the memorial archway.

In 1421, Zhu Di officially moved his capital to Beijing.

In 1456, chengtianmen was struck by lightning and burned.

In the first year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1465), the Chengtian gate was rebuilt under the leadership of Bai Gui, Minister of the Ministry of industry and led by Kuai Xiang. After the reconstruction, the Chengtian gate has only expanded from 5 rooms wide from east to west and 3 rooms deep from north to south to 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep. The shape of the gate has changed from the original archway style to the palace style. Chengtian gate is composed of Chengtai and Chenglou. It was the largest and highest gate tower in Beijing at that time. This renovation also laid the foundation for the shape of Tiananmen Square.

In 1644, Li Zicheng led the peasant uprising army to capture the capital, which was destroyed again. The next year, Chengtian gate was rebuilt again.

Qing Dynasty

In 1651, Emperor Fulin of the Qing Dynasty ordered a large-scale reconstruction on the ruins of the original site, and changed its name to "Tian'anmen", which means "under the command of heaven, rule the country in peace". During the reign of Kangxi, there were two large-scale repairs.

In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900), the Allied forces of eight countries invaded Beijing, looted and shelled Tiananmen Square.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

From August 9 to 14, 1949, the first conference of representatives from all walks of life in Beiping City unanimously decided to renovate Tiananmen Square and Tiananmen Square.

At that time, the Beiping municipal government mobilized the people of the whole city to carry out a thorough clean-up of the urban area and welcome the birth of new China with a new look.

On October 1, 1949, new China held a grand founding ceremony.

Mao Zedong led the leaders of the party, the government, the army, the democratic parties and mass organizations to mount the Tiananmen Gate Tower and announce the founding of the people's Republic of China to the whole world.

In 1952, the first people's Congress of the Fourth Beijing Municipal People's Congress decided to renovate the Tiananmen Gate Tower in a more comprehensive way. This is the first large-scale renovation project in nearly 260 years since 1690.

In 1956, the northeast wing corner of the tower and the split and detached corner beams were renovated, and the railings of the platform were extended. In order to ensure the absolute safety of Tiananmen Square, from August to September 1957, the relevant departments installed lightning protection facilities on the top of Tiananmen Square Tower on the basis of comprehensive inspection of lightning protection works.

In April 1966, after the Xingtai earthquake, the government organized forces to reinforce the five beams, xishanhuatrampoline and straw frame columns in the city building, tied some Inclined Beams and columns, and added iron hoops.

From December 15, 1969 to April 7, 1970, the State Council and Beijing Municipal Party committee decided to demolish the old Tiananmen tower and rebuild it according to its original scale and architectural form in order to completely solve various problems and unsafe hidden dangers accumulated for hundreds of years. The actual height of the reconstructed Tiananmen tower is 34.7 meters, 83 cm higher than before. In this reconstruction, the dragon pattern of the original Goutou Dishui tile was changed into sunflower pattern, the original gold spiral painting of Dadian was changed into golden dragon and seal painting, the passion fruit was painted in Fangxin, and the big wood was transformed.

In 1980, another overhaul was carried out, and the design and construction were carried out according to the seismic capacity of 9 degrees.

In 1984, the relevant technical departments carried out key inspection and telemetry on the lightning protection facilities of city buildings, and added lightning protection down lead.

In 1988, city buildings began to open to the public.

In 1991, 238 sets of facade floodlighting equipment were installed in Tiananmen city.

In 1992, in order to welcome the victory of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), 14 light four spotlights were installed on the city tower.

In 1994, in order to celebrate the 45th Anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the red palace walls on both sides of Tiananmen Square were repaired and painted on a large scale. The old lanterns were replaced by new red lanterns, the city floor carpets and murals in the hall were replaced, and the red painted wooden columns and water chestnut lattice windows in the hall were all decorated with oil.

In 2009, Tiananmen Gate Tower was renovated to welcome the 60th anniversary of the founding of new China. The Tiananmen tower renovation project will mainly focus on repainting and painting beams, columns, roofs and other parts.

Before the National Day in 2011, Tiananmen Gate will carry out the routine enclosure construction every year. Through the construction, workers will also check whether the main part of Tiananmen Gate Tower is cracked or leaking, and then repair it. In addition, the Tiananmen Gate Tower and the east west red walls will be painted.

In 2012, in order to welcome the national day and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the red wall of Tiananmen tower will be repainted.

From May 2 to June 6, 2013, with the approval of Beijing Municipal People's government, Tian'anmen District Management Committee issued a report on Tian'anmen

Chinese PinYin : Tian An Men Cheng Lou