Anling

Anling, a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. Located 18 kilometers east of Xianyang City, Baimiao village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng district. Tomb of emperor Huidi Liu Ying of Han Dynasty. Anling is in the shape of a covered bucket, with a perimeter of 725 meters at the bottom and a height of 25.22 meters. 150 meters to the northwest of the mausoleum is the tomb of empress Zhang Yan, because after empress Lu died, Zhang Yan was abandoned and the mound was very small. There is a city site in Baimiao village in the north of the mausoleum, and there are 12 accompanying tombs in the east of the mausoleum.

Han anling

synonym

Anling (Han Huidi Mausoleum) generally refers to Han anling (Han Huidi Mausoleum)

Han an mausoleum is the tomb of emperor Huidi Liu Ying of Han Dynasty. On June 25, 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Located 18 kilometers east of Xianyang City, Baimiao village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng district. Anling is in the shape of a covered bucket, with a perimeter of 725 meters at the bottom and a height of 25.22 meters. 150 meters to the northwest of the mausoleum is the tomb of empress Zhang Yan, because after empress Lu died, Zhang Yan was abandoned and the mound was very small. There is a city site in Baimiao village in the north of the mausoleum, and there are 12 accompanying tombs in the east of the mausoleum.

Overall layout

Han an mausoleum is the mausoleum of emperor Huidi Liu Ying. Located in the south of Baimiao village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng District, Xianyang City, it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Han an mausoleum is small in scale, only more than ten meters high. Liu Ying, the second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was buried with empress Zhang. The mausoleum area is divided into three parts: mausoleum, Mausoleum and burial area. The sealing soil is in the shape of rammed bucket, with the bottom 170 meters long from east to west and 140 meters wide from north to south. The top is 65 meters long from east to west, 40 meters wide from north to South and 25 meters high.

The archaeological work of Han Huidi's anling started at the end of June 2009. The investigation and exploration area is nearly one million square meters. The ramming wall and Dongmen site of anling cemetery have been determined. 18 architectural sites and 90 external pits have been identified. Anling cemetery is 967.6 meters long from east to west and 883.5 meters wide from north to south. Its walls are rammed and 3.5-6.5 meters wide. The Dongmen site is located in the north of the central part of the east wall of the cemetery. The plane of the gate site is two groups of four "convex" rammed earth abutments symmetrically distributed with the gateway as the center. The width of the gateway is about 2.7 meters. Eighteen architectural sites were found in anling, which are all located in the north of anling. Most of them are rectangular in plane, 4.6-72.7 meters long and 1.3-8.2 meters wide. Among them, there are rammed earth, apron, brick floor and other relics. 90 pits were found in waicang pit, with vertical pit and earth Kuang structure. The plane is rectangular and "a" shape, 71-5.1 meters long, 3-10 meters wide and 6.3-14 meters deep. There are bone chips, rotten wood and pottery debris at the bottom of the pit.

Empress Zhang married Liu Ying's nephew at empress Lu's order. When zhulv was exterminated, he was forced to retreat to the North Palace because of his connections. After his death, he was buried together in anling, but he could not afford a tomb. The tombs on the spot might have been built by later generations. The soil is covered in a bucket shape, with the bottom 60 meters long from east to west and 50 meters wide from north to south. The top side is 20 meters long and 12 meters high. 900 meters north of the mausoleum is anling city. The eastern part of the mausoleum is the burial area with two remaining earth seals and one tomb pit.

In the middle of the whole mausoleum area, an mausoleum is built on the tableland on the North Bank of the Weihe River, and the mausoleum is towering. The sealing soil is bucket shaped, and the bottom and top planes are rectangular. It is 25 meters high, 170 meters long from east to west and 140 meters wide from north to South at the bottom, and 65 meters long from east to west and 40 meters wide from north to South at the top. "Shiji Jijie" quoted "Huanglan" as saying: "the mountain is thirty-two feet high and hundred and twenty steps wide." Emperor Wu's mausoleum is the highest one among the Han tombs, with a height of 14 Zhang. Therefore, 32 Zhang in the text should be a mistake of 12 Zhang, which is about 27.6 meters today. The width of North and south is less than the ancient scale. Huangfumi said, "ten li to Changling, thirty-five Li to the north of Chang'an." The shape of the earth seal of the mausoleum is in good condition, and the surrounding walls and gates are unknown.

Funerary Mausoleum

Mausoleum of empress Zhang

It is 270 meters to the north of anling. The existing sealing soil may be built later. The soil is covered in a bucket shape, 60 meters long from east to west at the bottom, 50 meters wide from north to south, 20 meters long at the top and 12 meters high. Compared with the general Mausoleum of emperor and Empress of Han Dynasty, its scale is smaller, and as a mausoleum, it is not as tall as the tomb of Princess Lu Yuan, which is rare in the mausoleum of Western Han Dynasty.

An Ling's accompanying tomb

According to the documents, there are princess Lu Yuan, Zhang Ao, Chen Ping, Zhang Cang, Yuan ang, Yang Xiong, Gai Xun, etc. The funerary tombs of anling are located in the east of anling, mainly in Yaodian Town, Weicheng District, Xianyang city and Baimiao village, Hanjiawan township. In the 1970s, there were still 12 earth blocks on the ground. The sealing soil is mostly conical. The accompanying tombs are distributed along the East-West line, arranged in order, or two tombs side by side, or several tombs in groups. There should be some funerary tombs in the southeast, which have not yet been investigated.

The tomb is located in baimiaonan village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng District, Xianyang City, 900 meters west of anling. Princess Lu Yuan? ——187 BC), the eldest daughter of emperor Gaozu and empress Lu, the sister of emperor Huidi and the wife of Zhang Ao. Her daughter, Zhang Yan, was later empress Xiaohui Zhang. Lu Yuan died when empress Lu was in power, and his son became the king of Lu. The bottom of the tomb is rectangular, 140 meters long from east to west, 120 meters wide from north to south, and the top is saddle shaped, 19 meters high. Because of its special status, the scale of the tombs is much larger than that of the general tombs of Han Dynasty. On the ground 250 meters to the north of the tomb, there are rope pattern tiles and floor tiles scattered.

unearthed relic

84 painted pottery figurines, all of which are warriors, have been unearthed from the tomb of emperor Huidi in Han Dynasty. The figurine is 44-46 cm high, wearing a purple hair band, with wind bands attached to the chin on both sides, black and red bands on the forehead, and a bun on the back of the head. He has a light green or red short Ru on his upper body, a right lapel, a vest on the outside, a red belt around his waist, a light green or purple walking knee on his legs, a tie tie on his upper and lower legs, and sandals on his feet. Slim and long, eyes staring ahead.

Also unearthed are 46 pottery cattle, 125 pottery sheep and 23 pottery pigs. The order of their arrangement is that the outer row is warriors, and the other five categories are pigs, sheep and cattle, with sheep in the middle. These human and animal figurines are only a small part that has not been destroyed. The destroyed part has unearthed pottery warriors, music and dance figurines, pottery horses and so on. How many pottery figurines there are in this accompanying tomb will not be known until all of them are excavated. Anling is the mausoleum of emperor Huidi Liu Ying of Han Dynasty. It was in power from 195 BC to 188 BC. Anling was built in these seven years. Its accompanying cemetery should have been built at this time and later, no later than that of Emperor Wen.

archaeological discovery

Anling cemetery covers an area of nearly 800000 square meters

In the past, the archaeological work of anling was mostly ground investigation, but the cemetery of anling has not been found. After the discovery of the North-South rammed wall site in 2001, it was speculated that it might be the tomb wall of anling, which had never been found before.

After a small area of trial excavation, archaeologists confirmed that it was the foundation of the city wall. They drilled South and north along the rammed earth direction, and found that this section of rammed earth wall was 840 meters long. Because of its location in the northwest of anling mausoleum, it is confirmed that this rammed earth is a section of the west wall of anling mausoleum. On this basis, archaeologists found the ruins of the other three walls in the East, South and north of anling cemetery. A complete Mausoleum of anling finally surfaced.

It is reported that anling mausoleum is 940 meters long from east to west and 840 meters long from south to north, covering an area of nearly 800000 square meters. Compared with the published materials on mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty, anling mausoleum has the largest area among the 11 mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty.

Wrong Tomb of Liu Bang's son king Zhao

In the east of anling, there is a large earth sealed tomb, which is called Ruyi Tomb of King Zhao by local villagers. The protective stele in front of the tomb is also Ruyi Tomb of King Zhao. However, in the relevant materials of anling, this tomb is called the tomb of Princess Lu Yuan. According to the literature, Princess Lu Yuan was buried with her husband Zhang Ao in anling after her death. There is an earthen mound 60 meters to the east of the tomb, which is smaller than that of Zhang Ao, king of Zhao.

Sun Tieshan said that Princess Lu Yuan was the sister and mother-in-law of emperor Hui. Her special dual identity made her tomb a little smaller than the emperor's tomb, but much larger than other tombs. However, Ruyi, the king of Zhao, was poisoned by Empress Lu. At the time of empress Lu's dictatorship, it was impossible to give Ruyi such a high standard to accompany emperor Hui. Moreover, in the early Han Dynasty, many people were appointed king of Zhao, including Ruyi, Zhang Er, Zhang Ao, etc. Ruyi, the son of Liu Bang, was poisoned and killed by Empress Lu. The world sympathizes with him deeply. After listening to King Zhao, he mistook Ruyi for him. By spreading false information, the tomb became its owner.

Moats and walls coexist at the head of the mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty

When the archaeologists investigated the north wall of anlingyi, they found a trench with a width of 5 meters and a depth of 2 meters parallel to the north wall from 600 meters to 1060 meters from east to west. This is undoubtedly another important discovery in anling investigation. Moats, like walls, were originally used to defend the enemy. Generally because of the terrain and set, there is no wall ditch, there is no wall ditch. It was only in the later period when it was used for city defense that ditches and walls coexisted for double defense, but this situation was very rare in mausoleums and mausoleums. The coexistence of moats and walls was first found in the mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty.

The life of the tomb owner

Han Huidi Liu Ying

Liu Ying, the son of Liu Bang and LV housheng, was born in the 37th year of Emperor Qinshihuang (210 BC). After the end of the Chu Han war, Liu Bang was located in the sun of Sishui. After honoring the king, LV Zhi was the queen. Today, in Wutun Township, Lintong County, Liu Ying was the crown prince. Liu Ying was six years old. B.C

Chinese PinYin : An Ling