Peitian ancient dwellings

Peitian ancient folk house in Longyan is a village with a history of 800 years. It is a well preserved Hakka ancient folk house complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Its exquisite architecture, exquisite workmanship and strong Hakka humanistic atmosphere are comparable with Yongding Tulou and Meizhou Weilong house. It is a classic of Hakka architectural culture. The ancient residential complex of Peitian village in Longyan consists of six schools, two academies, three nunneries, two temples, two steles and other ancient cultural and religious buildings, 20 ancient ancestral temples, more than 30 residential buildings, as well as one kilometer old street, five roadways and two ditches running through the village.

Peitian ancient dwellings

Peitian ancient residence is one of the most complete ancient residential communities in southern China. It is located in the west of Liancheng County, Fujian Province, 40 kilometers away from the county, covering an area of 13.412 square kilometers. This Hakka village is famous for its well preserved ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has more than 30 high hall Chinese houses, 21 ancient temples, 6 academies, two cross street steles and one kilometer old street. The architectural style of Peitian is quite different from that of Yongding Tulou. Compared with the closure and firmness of Yongding Tulou, Peitian dwellings are open and elegant. Its exquisite architecture, exquisite workmanship and rich Hakka cultural atmosphere are the classic works of Chinese Hakka architectural culture. It is known as "the first village of Fujian folk houses" and "Southern manor of China", and has the reputation of "folk Forbidden City".

brief introduction

Peitian village, one of the top ten "most beautiful villages and towns in China" recommended by 100 local media and voted by the public, is located in Xuanhe Township, Liancheng County, southwest Fujian Province. Peitian's ancestors left a huge legacy to this small village with an area of only 13.4 square kilometers, more than 300 households and more than 1000 villagers: Peitian village has 30 large houses, 21 ancestral halls, six academies, one kilometer old street, two cross street plaques, four temples and Taoist temples. The village is admired by the outside world for its vast buildings, well protected, many treasures and profound cultural heritage.

As soon as you get out of the car, you can see the stone lion standing up, the stone gate and the high wall tightly encircling the deep courtyard, which is a typical Hakka vernacular architecture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Along the cobblestone paved country road, in the morning sun, you can only see women washing clothes in the ditch at the door, leisurely old people and smiling children. Tourists walk into the magnificent deep courtyard to visit their "beauty".

Pei Tian Village has a history of more than 800 years ago. The famous Guan Zhi Shan, Beacon Hill and Wuyishan * s arteries are straight from north to south. They seem to be surrounded by three dragons. The five hilltops outside the village are like the five tiger heroes and the scenery is pleasant. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Peitian village was located on the official road of Changting and Liancheng counties. It was a water and land transfer station for bamboo, wood, paper, salt, oil and other daily necessities in Tingzhou and Longyan.

Peitian

The ancient residents are represented by "dafudi", "yanqingtang" and "Guanting", covering an area of more than 6900 square meters. Dafudi, also known as jishutang, was built in 1829 and took 11 years to complete. It was named after his master Wu Changtong, who was awarded the position of Fengzhi doctor and Zhaowu doctor. The hall is high and broad, and 120 tables can be entertained without leaving the house. Its design concept, adhering to the traditional concept of "orderly, different primary and secondary", vertical main horizontal secondary, hall, car supporting, main body, attached room separation. Ventilation, ventilation, drainage and sanitation, as well as the development of future generations, are included in the plan. Liang Hua and Fang Hua are exquisitely carved with allusions. They are known by experts as the world's first-class earthquake proof buildings because of their "wall falling but house not collapsing".

"Yanqing hall" is a Ming Dynasty building with the same structure as "dafudi", but it has a winding path outside the gate and shishiwei town in front of the gate. A pair of well matched families means that immigrants from the Central Plains living in other places have the prospect and pursuit of clan extension in the process of gathering families.

The walls of the "official hall" stand high and are enclosed. Inside the walls, a three foot wide water channel is specially opened for women to wash. "Guanting" has unique layout and exquisite design. The carved patterns between the beams and columns of the central hall and between the shackles are all double-sided symmetrical hollowed out, and the workmanship is amazing. The back hall is the clan meeting hall, and the left and right flower hall is dedicated to the leisure and meeting of the host. The downstairs hall is the academic hall, and the upstairs hall is the library, which once had more than ten thousand ancient books. During Wen's visit and the songmaoling campaign before the Central Red Army went north, "Guanting" once became the headquarters of the Red Army. Zhu De, Peng Dehuai and Tan Zhenlin attended important military meetings here.

Most of the ancient streets are ancestral temples. The architecture of ancestral hall attaches great importance to the structure of the gate and the house. The Dou Gong carving and the wood painting are all magnificent. The fine brushwork and color drawings of "Sanniang Jiaozi" and "Zhuangyuan Youjie" show clear lines and vivid figures.

Academy community is a part of Peitian ancient architecture system. According to reports, during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, in Peitian, a small village, Wu zukuan, the seventh generation ancestor, cut wood and mowed grass and founded the "stone hill thatched cottage". Although the school was small, it cultivated a lot of talents, including 191 scholars, 19 of whom became officials, and five of whom reached five grades, up to three grades. For example, Wu Bozhen, the garrison of Qingzhou camp in Shandong Province, and Wu Xiaolin, the garrison of Quzhuang camp in Taiwan Province, all studied here It has become a famous "Nanshan academy". In the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Academy was transformed into a "Peitian two class primary school". There are many talented people, including Wu Aiqun, who graduated from Meiji University of political science and law in Tokyo and participated in democratic revolutionary activities such as the Xingzhong society, and Wu Jianxin, who was a classmate with Zhou Enlai while studying in Paris.

architectural style

30 high halls and Chinese houses built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 20 ancient temples, 5 academies, 1 kilometer old street, and 2 Cross Street archways form a traditional residential complex with large scale, exquisite layout and exquisite design. This is Peitian, an ancient Hakka village in Liancheng, Fujian Province.

Peitian's ancient Hakka houses are quite different from Yongding's earth buildings. If the Tulou is an ancient castle, closed and strong, then Peitian residence is a manor, bold and elegant. Peitian folk house is another well preserved treasure of Hakka folk house after Yongding Tulou and Meizhou walled house.

Landscape features

The three green barriers of Guan Zhi Shan, Beacon Hill and Wuyishan South vein, from north to south, are directly planted in the field, such as the three dragons embracing * to withstand the cold current and frost damage. The five hills outside the village are like five tigers, protecting the peace of Peitian. An official road passes through the village and leads to Changting and Liancheng. Peitian is a post station on the official road in ancient times. When you enter Peitian, you will find that there are paintings everywhere. There are tall gray brown fire walls, majestic gatehouses with upturned eaves, carved window carvings with flowers, birds, insects and fish, historical stories or freehand brushwork, stone couplet murals with ideal pursuit and yearning for a better life, deep courtyards, secluded alleys, border rice fields, remote and continuous mountains like Daiyuan Peitian, a well-known picturesque village, is a harmonious picture of man and nature everywhere, reflecting the traditional cultural connotation of the unity of man and nature.

Picturesque village

According to reports, the ancestors of the Wu family moved to Peitian in 1344, where they started their foundation and have been reproducing for nearly 700 years. So far, there are more than 300 families and 1400 people in the village, all of whom belong to the same surname of Wu in the Qing Dynasty. Peitian is known as "wujiafang" among the people.

The three green barriers of Guan Zhi Shan, Beacon Hill and Wuyishan South vein, from north to south, are directly planted in the field, such as the three dragons embracing * to withstand the cold current and frost damage and the invasion of summer and autumn typhoons. The five hills outside the village are like five tigers, protecting the peace of Peitian. An official road passes through the village and leads to Changting and Liancheng. Peitian is a post station on the official road in ancient times. A river flows around the village, not only to irrigate the farmland near the village, but also to meet the needs of life in the village. In the south of the village, the ancient plum and fragrant maple are densely covered, like the mouth of a giant, "protecting the end and avoiding evil.". Peitian is located in this picturesque geomantic treasure land. When you enter Peitian, you will find that there are paintings everywhere. There are tall gray brown fire walls, majestic gatehouses with upturned eaves, carved window carvings with flowers, birds, insects and fish, historical stories or freehand brushwork, stone couplet murals with ideal pursuit and yearning for a better life, deep courtyards, secluded alleys, border rice fields, remote and continuous mountains like Daiyuan Peitian, a village worthy of praise, is a harmonious picture of man and nature everywhere.

Watery spirituality

In the center of the village is a kilometer long ancient street, which runs through the whole village. Beside the ancient ancestral temples, dwellings and shops, it is the main commercial market in Peitian. According to legend, there are dozens of shops on the street in Shengshi, including guest branches, sedan cars, gambling houses, cloth shops and so on.

The zigzag ancient streets and roadways are connected with each other, organically connecting the scattered ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, "although it is artificial, it is like natural.".

The street side has the water channel to accompany, passes through the street, passes through each household, is the ancient time water supply project. The old man in the village recalled that in the past, the water in the canal was so clear that people in the village relied on the flowing water beside the house to wash vegetables and rice. There is also a pond and an ancient well in the village, which can be seen in front of and behind the house.

Hundreds of years ago, the village builders paid great attention to the water management of the village. Every ancient building is equipped with underground ditches to drain the courtyard rainwater and domestic sewage of every household. The patio gathers the rainwater from the roof of the residential building together, flows out along the ditch, and flows into the stone pool, which meets the financial psychology of "four rivers return to the hall, and the source of wealth rolls in". The drainage path should be hidden rather than exposed; it should be bent away rather than straight out, because "water is the mother of Qi; if it goes against, it will gather but not disperse; if it belongs to wealth, it will stay but not go away". Some folk houses also have earthenware pipes under the halls to house turtles

Chinese PinYin : Pei Tian Gu Min Ju