China Sports Museum

China Sports Museum

Located in the southeast of Beijing Asian Games Village National Olympic Sports Center, China Sports Museum was completed and opened in September 1990. The building area of the museum is 7100 square meters, and the exhibition area is 510 square meters,

There are more than 4700 ancient and modern sports cultural relics and more than 5000 pictures of precious sports cultural relics. It is a multi-functional comprehensive new social education position for publicizing and studying Chinese sports culture and an important window for understanding Chinese sports. The exhibition is divided into five parts: Ancient China, modern China, sports achievements of the people's Republic of China, Olympic movement and national sports. Through the exhibits, we can fully understand the development process of Chinese sports history with a long tradition.

Quick navigation

Panorama

Introduction to Museum

Located in Anding Road, Beijing, China Sports Museum is located in the southeast corner of the National Olympic Sports Center. The whole building is octagonal, fan-shaped and spiraling, symbolizing the development of China's sports. On September 22, 1990, the China Sports Museum officially opened. It has gone through a long process of ten years. From the Seventh Five Year Plan of the National Sports Commission to its implementation, the whole process has won the support of the state and the attention of International Olympic Committee President Samaranch, as well as the generous donation of Mr. Huo Yingdong. Many heroes behind the scenes have paid hard work and sweat for it. Today, it covers an area of 7100 square meters with its unique style, and shows the brilliant achievements of China's sports development with the themes of ancient Chinese sports, modern Chinese sports, sports achievements of the people's Republic of China and national sports.

The museum also holds various temporary exhibitions, such as the 11th Asian Games Philatelic Exhibition (207 stamps with 1374 exhibition frames from 30 countries and regions, the largest thematic exhibition in Asia), the roving exhibition to promote the spirit of the Beijing Asian Games, the 2000 Olympic Games Exhibition, the Olympic Centennial Exhibition, the Chinese athletes in Barcelona, and the open China looking forward to the Olympic Games, More than 200000 visitors come to the museum every year.

Ancient sports elements

In the preface hall of China Sports Museum, the first exhibition hall is ancient Chinese sports, which is divided into pre Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, song, Liao, Jin, yuan and Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient sports relics, photos, paintings, rubbings and sand table models on display are valuable historical witnesses.

The first thing that leaps into our eyes is the stone ball. From the rough stone ball of the Paleolithic period about 100000 years ago to the stone ball and pottery ball of 4800-4000 BC, we can clearly see the evolution of the stone ball from production tools to game equipment, which reflects the emergence of sports from one side. The dance pottery pots unearthed in shangsunjiazhai, Datong County, Qinghai Province depict simple lines and patterns, vividly showing the situation of the ancestors singing together. This kind of physical activity to meet the physical and mental needs has become an indispensable activity in the slave society. From the stone arrowhead, bronze spear and bronze spear, we can see the scene of our ancestors bowing and shooting geese. This kind of hunting method was called "spear shooting" by the ancients. "Ge she Tu" reflects the transformation from fishing and hunting to farming, from hunting to military training and entertainment. Swimming is another way to obtain means of living in fishing and hunting. The painted pottery basin with fish pattern on human face and the picture of swimming vividly depict the scene described in the book of Songs: "as far as it is deep, it is square boat; as far as it is shallow, it is swimming". In addition, cultural relics such as Jiaoding, Jingdu and bronze sword reappear the germination of ancient sports in production and labor, tribal wars and daily life.

The Warring States period to the Qin and Han Dynasties is the rising period of Chinese feudal society. The emergence of a unified multi-ethnic feudal country and relatively stable social life created favorable conditions for the prosperity of sports. There are abundant cultural relics in this period, including tomb murals, stone reliefs, brick reliefs, pottery figurines, poems and Fu. Among them, Han Dynasty portrait brick is a brilliant pearl, recording many sports games.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the art of Baixi had developed into many performance programs, such as Tiaowan, Feijian, diean, Xiche, toufeiti, animal training, equestrian and so on. The Han Dynasty stone paintings unearthed in Yinan, Shandong Province reflect the comprehensive performance form of Baixi, which combined the martial arts ceremony with the music, dance and acrobatics of various ethnic groups at that time. From left to right, the first part is Tiaowan, that is, dancing the ball with both hands. The movements of Tiaowan are smooth and light. There are three, seven, nine and five types of Tiaowan in the past dynasties. There are also sword jumping and building searching, which are lively and difficult performances. The former is similar to Tiaowan, but uses sword instead of pill. The latter is also known as "Yuanchuang". Generally speaking, it uses the head, hand and other parts of the body to support a long pole with a cross at the top. There are performers at the top and both ends of the pole. In the second part, there is a band of 15 people. Drums, bells, Qin and other musical instruments can be clearly identified. The third part is the tightrope. Tightrope may be the predecessor of tightrope walking, but the ancient tightrope movement was complex, even reversed. The fourth part of "Baixi Tu" is circus and happy car, which is a large-scale acrobatic performance. It requires not only superb skills, but also extraordinary courage. Other exhibits also vividly reflect various performance items, such as retrograde walking, that is, handstand walking. There are many kinds of handstands. The pottery trousseau of the Han Dynasty is a wonderful cultural relic. In addition, similar to the narrow movement of drilling fire circle, like the swallow leaping over the water, the Yan Zhuo activity can be seen in the "sarcophagus acrobatics".

During this period, Cuju was very popular. This is an ancient Chinese football game. "Ju" is made of leather, and the other is antagonistic competition. There are rich and vivid records in brick, stone and Xiao's seal. The sand table model makes us more intuitive to understand the prevalence of this movement in the Han Dynasty.

The Western Han Dynasty's "daodaotu" introduced Rensheng, which illustrated a whole set of exercises, just like the schematic diagram of all kinds of boxing and gymnastics. This shows that human beings have begun to gradually improve their understanding of their own value, and emphasize to resist various tests of the outside world through exercise. The emergence of many thinkers in the Warring States period, as well as the emergence of Huangdi Neijing and other books, reflects that the ancient Chinese had created a unique way of understanding the phenomenon of life. Hua Tuo's Wuqinxi, Zhuangzi's xingqishu, and Wei Boyang's shentongqi in the Eastern Han Dynasty are precious ancient heritages, which are still shining with immortal light.

From the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the feudal society was highly developed. Polo, martial arts, health guidance are more prominent projects, and the chessboard of Sui and Tang Dynasties shows the flourishing of chess at that time.

Polo was the most attractive item in this period. In addition to various pictures, pottery figurines, bronze mirrors and written records, the museum also specially made vivid and lifelike sand table models of polo in Tang Dynasty. Polo, also known as batting in ancient times, was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. From the emperor of the Tang Dynasty to the soldiers, it was regarded as a regular activity. In Tang Dynasty palaces, female skis were generally trained to play ball games. They were mainly entertained by emperors and nobles. It is said in the palace CI written by Mrs. Huarui of houshu that "I taught Gong e how to play ball, and Yu'an crossed Liu yaorou at the beginning.". This kind of scene has been recorded in the bronze mirror and the picture of the emperor of Tang Dynasty

In Tang Dynasty, Xiangpu sport became a festival entertainment and an important competition. We can understand the development of this movement in Sui and Tang Dynasties from the stone inkstones, Dunhuang murals, and Sumo paintings on the white banners. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, wars happened one after another, and the minority brought riding into the army. In the Tang Dynasty, riding and archery were popular. The bronze mirror and the hunting picture in the picture are just the embodiment of the great poet Li Bai's superb technique of "shooting two tigers and falling two kites with light back". In addition, the character dance of the people in Tang Dynasty is lifelike, which is just the rudiment of ancient large-scale group calisthenics.

There are many records about the origin and development of go in China. The stone Weiqi board unearthed in Wangdu, the magnetic chessboard unearthed in zhangshengji of Sui Dynasty, the picture of chongpinghuiqi and the picture of ladies playing chess record the development history and universality of go.

The tradition of practicing martial arts has been deeply rooted in China, from hunting to archery in the "six arts", from large-scale martial arts to the martial arts examination of "the first to bow the horse is to select talents". Today's Jian Jian mainly focuses on strong body longevity, practicing spirit and concentration, and gradually divorced from the training methods of ancient army and embarked on the road of independent development, becoming one of the essence of Chinese National Wushu.

Song Dynasty is the climax of the development of ancient Cuju, which became the performance at that time, and produced different playing methods. From the pictures of song Taizu's Cuju, er's Cuju, and the ivory pen holder of Song Dynasty's Cuju, to the images of men and women practicing each other on the bronze mirrors of Yuan Dynasty's Cuju, it is consistent with the poem "if Tao is the achievement of cherishing the jade and pitying the fragrance in the bridal chamber, and six pi'er's fragrant skin is the family member of smoke". In the Ming Dynasty, women and children still like this activity, but the court has banned kicking.

Throughout the development of ancient Chinese sports, from the limited cultural relics preserved and excavated, we can appreciate the glorious history of the evolution of Chinese sports.

The rise of modern sports

The second hall is about the development of modern Chinese sports, which mainly introduces the history of Chinese sports development from the Opium War in 1840 to the founding of new China in 1949. When the Opium War opened China's long closed door, modern western sports were introduced into China. Some people with national consciousness

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Ti Yu Bo Wu Guan