Yuan Lin

Yuan Lin is the graveyard of Yuan Shikai. The graveyard is a combination of Chinese and western. The main building complex is the style of Qing emperor's mausoleum, while the graveyard is a imitation of the American president's mausoleum. The style of the whole graveyard is very different, strange and unique. To a certain extent, it also reflects Yuan Shikai's changing identity on the historical stage.

Yuan Lin's most distinctive feature is that the southern end of the screen wall is made of traditional Chinese hard green glazed tiles on the top of the mountain, with various brick carvings on the inside. It is the largest existing screen wall in China with the most exquisite decoration. People who are interested in architecture and history can come here to have a look. They can not only see the mausoleum architecture which occupies a certain position in the history of Chinese architecture, but also understand Yuan Shikai, a controversial figure in modern history. It is suggested that friends who come to visit should ask a tour guide to explain, or follow the tour group to explain, I believe there will be greater harvest.

Yuan Lin

Yuan Lin, also known as Yuan Shikai's tomb and Yuan Gonglin, was built in June 1916 and completed in June 1918, covering an area of more than 90000 square meters. It is a large-scale tomb with Chinese and Western styles of Yuan Shikai, a famous military and political figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the first president of the Republic of China, and his wife Yu's.

Yuan Lin is located in Taipingzhuang on the North Bank of huanshui River, Shengli Road, Beiguan District, Anyang City, Henan Province. It is adjacent to huanshui River in the south, Hanling in the north, Yudao in the East and Jingguang in the West.

According to the pattern of lighting and Qing mausoleum, the mausoleum adopts a combination of Chinese and Western architectural techniques. It is based on Chinese classical traditional shape and Western architectural style. Ancient and modern coexist with different styles. It is a pioneering example of mausoleum architecture in China. It has a special position in the history of Mausoleum architecture in China. At present, the architectural pattern is basically well preserved.

Yuan Lin was declared as a cultural relic protection unit of Henan Province by the people's Government of Henan Province on November 21, 1982, a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council on March 5, 2013, and a national AA tourist attraction by Anyang Tourism Administration in January 2015.

On December 25, 2018, Yuanlin scenic spot passed the landscape quality assessment of the National Tourism Administration and was awarded the national 3A scenic spot.

brief introduction

Yuan Lin was funded by the government of the Republic of China from 1916 to 1918. It covers an area of nearly 139 mu (about 92713 square meters) and costs about 720000 yuan.

Yuan Lin's building complex is a little smaller than the Ming and Qing Dynasty's mausoleum, while yuan's tomb is a unique European style with concrete inside and stone walls outside, which is similar to the tomb of the 18th president of the United States, Grant's Riverside house. Zhaobi, pailou, Beiting, dongxipeidian, Jingren hall, and tomb platform, with Shinto as the central axis, are distributed among them. The layout is rigorous and well arranged. They not only inherit China's traditional architectural regulations, but also absorb western architectural styles, forming the architectural characteristics of the cemetery with a combination of Chinese and Western styles. Yuanlin is now a national key cultural relic protection unit and one of the few official buildings in Henan Province.

According to the pattern of lighting and imperial mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, the mausoleum is based on the regulation of Chinese classical architecture and the style of Western architecture. It not only shows the "Royal" style, but also differs from the imperial mausoleum. It is a pioneering example in the history of mausoleum architecture in China and has high historical, artistic and scientific value.

site selection

On June 6, 1916, Yuan Shikai, then president of the Republic of China, died of illness. At that time, the Beiyang government, in accordance with its will of "burying my huanshang", appointed Henan patrol envoy Tian Wenlie to Anyang to "carefully select the Canyu, survey the auspicious soil", "draw detailed drawings" and "invite investment to build tombs" After more than two years, it cost more than 700000 silver yuan to build this huge tomb house, which covers an area of nearly 140 mu, on the Bank of huanshui river.

Yuan Shikai was born in Xiangcheng County, Henan Province in 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty). Later, because of the problem of burying his mother (yuan was born a commoner) and his estranged mother and elder brother, he decided to live in huanshang village, Zhangde prefecture (now Anyang City), Henan Province. He was also buried here after his death.

When Yuan Shikai was a child, he knew that there was a huanshang village in Anyang. It is said that Yiyin, the famous Prime Minister of the Shang Dynasty, was slandered in the court and lived in seclusion in huanshang village for three years. Later, the king of the Shang Dynasty came to huanshang village to welcome him back. Anyang is also the birthplace of Yuan Shao, the warlord of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distant ancestor of Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai thinks that huanshang village is a piece of auspicious land for himself. When he was still training in a small station, he bought more than 200 mu of land here, but he didn't expect that it would be used soon. Anyang huanshang village is located at the junction of Henan and Zhili, with convenient transportation and close to the capital. Living in seclusion here fishing Huan River, also easy to grasp the world dynamics.

Therefore, it is reasonable for Yuan Shikai to be buried in Anyang, where he once paraded and retired.

Yuan Shikai's cemetery is known as Yuan Lin. The designer of Yuan Lin is a German engineer whose building is "slightly smaller than Ming mausoleum". From the south to the north, the main buildings are Zhaobi, Hushi bridge, qingbaishi bridge, archway gate, Wangzhu, shixiangsheng, Beiting, Dongxi value room, tangyuan gate, dadanbi, Dongxi Peidian, Jingren hall and tomb platform. The overall design of Yuan Lin's architecture has its unique features, which has a special position in the history of mausoleum architecture in China. It is characterized by the combination of Chinese and western, reflecting the characteristics of the semi colonial and semi feudal times. The former part of the hall is the style of the mausoleum of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, and the latter part is the architectural style of the Western mausoleum.

So why is Yuan Shikai's tomb called "Lin" instead of "Ling"?

Yuan Shikai risked the world's great injustice and called himself "emperor". His name was not right, and he was besieged on all sides. He died at the age of 60. Yuan Keding, the eldest son of Yuan Shikai, initially wanted to follow the example of the emperors of previous dynasties, and called his Laozi's land "Yuan Ling".

However, Xu Shichang, who was in power at that time, clearly objected to it. He said: "Xiang Cheng did not become emperor before he died. He had never lived in Dabao, and the year of Hongxian had been cancelled. It would be inappropriate to take the name of Yuan Ling. Lin and Ling are homonymous. The two characters of Ling and Lin in ShuoWenJieZi can be borrowed from each other to avoid the name of Ling and retain the reality of Ling. How nice it is

At that time, Xu Shichang's words naturally had the most weight, so yuan Keding abandoned "Yuan Ling" and called it "Yuan Lin".

Introduction to scenic spots

Yuan Lin took Shinto as the central axis, stretching two kilometers from north to south. The huge screen wall is the southernmost part of Yuanlin. The inside of the screen wall is decorated with brick carvings. It is exquisite, solemn and elegant. It is one of the largest and most exquisite existing screen walls in China.

Around the screen wall, along the Shinto north, across the rough stone bridge, qingbaishi bridge, Yuan Lin's another large building - archway will be in sight. Different from the traditional wood and stone structure, Yuanlin's archway is made of iron reinforced lime stone, which is very rare in the history of Chinese mausoleum architecture. At that time, in order to build the tomb, the Beiyang Government imported a large amount of cement from Japan to whitewash Taiping. Today, the six column and five floor skyrocketing high archway stands in the middle of Shinto. At the top of each of its pillars, there is a giant beast, wangtianhou, which has a wide mouth and a high face. It adds some mysterious, dignified and calming power to the building.

On both sides of the archway, the white jade pillars and stone statues of the Han Dynasty are facing each other from afar. Wangzhu, the symbol of Yuanlin mausoleum, is one hundred and five feet high and stands on the base. The column has six sides and is decorated with patterns. The above pattern is called "chapter", because there are 12 kinds, so it is called "Twelve chapter pattern". Twelve chapter pattern is a special pattern for emperors in traditional China. It is centered on Fu, surrounded by different patterns such as sun, moon, star and dragon. After being carved by stonecutters, it forms a rare relief work.

Weng Zhong on both sides of Shinto can best reflect the characteristics of Yuan Lin's time. They are life size and slightly fat. They are all the clothes of Yuan Shikai's reign. The civil servants wear a flat crown and a ceremonial dress, standing solemnly and respectfully, while the military officers wear a Beiyang uniform, belt around the waist, sword in hand, and look majestic, guarding Yuan Lin together. This style of writing and martial arts has distinctive characteristics of the times, which not only reflects people's aesthetic concepts at that time, but also fully reflects the etiquette style of Yuan Shikai's period.

The stele Pavilion is one of the most important buildings in Yuanlin. It's three rooms wide, and inside the pavilion lies a huge stone carving, which is called Mian. It is said that the dragon has nine sons, each of whom has his own advantages. One of them, Mian, likes to bear heavy loads, so people arrange it to carry the tablet. On the 5.5-meter-high tombstone, several dragons are carved, flying in the clouds, showing the extraordinary identity of the tomb owner. The front of the tombstone is engraved with nine vigorous and straight characters, which are written by Xu Shichang, a good friend of Yuan Shikai.

Turning around the pavilion, he came to the front of the hall. The hall is the most important place for Yuan Lin to hold sacrificial activities. The gate of the hall is a single eaves building on the top of the hill, covered with green glazed tiles and three rooms wide. On each door plate of the hall gate, there are seven rows of horizontal and vertical copper door nails. It not only plays the role of decorating the facade, but also reflects a kind of strict hierarchy. It shows that although its owner is one grade lower than the emperor in the Forbidden City, he is a dignitary figure below one person and above ten thousand people.

After the gate, he entered the hall. Tangyuan is a group of quadrangle style buildings, composed of Jingren hall and East and west side halls. Jingren hall is in the middle, where Yuan Shikai was worshipped. There are a table for offering sacrifices, a throne and Yuan Shikai's robes and sword belts. The East and west side halls, as rest places for other senior officials, are relatively simple. In the center of Shinto in the courtyard, there was a wind mill bronze cauldron stove on display. Unfortunately, it was lost before liberation, leaving only one Han

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