Small Potala Palace

The main building of Zongcheng Temple of Putuo is located on the top of the mountain. There are more than 60 (more than 40 existing) flat topped blockhouse type white platforms and Fanta white platforms, which are freely arranged in depth with the mountain, without obvious axis. The layout and momentum of the temple are similar to the Potala Palace in Lhasa, commonly known as the "little potala palace". Here Emperor Qianlong met with the leader of turhu, wobaxi, and his party, and held a grand lecture, saying, birthday and other activities.

Located in the north of Chengde Mountain Resort, the temple was built in 1771. "Putuo Zongcheng" is the Potala Palace in Tibetan language. It rises from the mountain to the mountain, which is magnificent and magnificent.

In the 36th year of Qianlong, the 60th birthday of Emperor Qianlong and the 80th birthday of empress dowager, the leaders of various ethnic minorities in the border areas gathered in Chengde to hold grand birthday celebrations, creating an unprecedented situation of national unity. In order to respect the beliefs of all ethnic groups and unite the people of all ethnic groups, Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of this large temple. Putuo Zongcheng temple is the largest of the eight outer temples. It was built in imitation of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, commonly known as the little potala palace. There are about 60 large and small buildings in this temple. The buildings are scattered all over the place. They are close to the mountain and face the water. They are skillfully set off by the terrain and scenery. The layout is flexible and solemn. The main building is dahongtai, which is 43 meters high. The Wanfa Guiyi hall in the center of the building is the main hall. The top of the hall is higher than the group of buildings. The top of the hall is covered with gilded fish scales and copper tiles. It is glittering, magnificent and magnificent. The bottom of the building is surrounded by three stories of buildings. The shadow is dark and the light contrast is sharp, which creates a solemn and solemn atmosphere of religion. It is a treasure of religious architecture. "The light of Putuo", a national and religious song and dance, was ceremoniously launched in the "yuzuoluo" on the dahongtai. It shows the strong centripetal force and cohesive force of the Chinese nation in the "heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong" and the common aspiration of the people of all ethnic groups in China to create a peaceful and prosperous China through the extraction of major events such as the completion of the temple, the celebration of the emperor's birthday, and the return of turhute. Every morning, visitors can enjoy "the light of Putuo" on the "throne building" where the former Emperor enjoyed singing and dancing.

At that time, most ethnic minorities in the frontier respected Tibetan Buddhism. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is a center of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism claims that the Potala Palace is the Dojo of Guanyin Bodhisattva. It is said that there are three places in Guanyin Bodhisattva's ashram: one in India, one in Tibet, and one in Nanhai (Mount Putuo, Zhejiang). Emperor Qianlong believed that Guanyin originated in India, and then came to Tibet as its native place. Therefore, in undertaking the construction of Guanyin Daochang, he "imitated Tibet, not the South China Sea.". Putuo Zongcheng temple is built on the basis of traditional architecture of Han nationality and integrating the characteristics of Tibetan architecture. It is a model of the integration of Han and Tibetan architectural art.

Putuo Zongcheng

synonym

Small Potala Palace generally refers to the temple of Putuo Zongcheng

Putuo Zongcheng temple, also known as "little potala palace", is a Buddhist temple built by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty to celebrate his 60th birthday and Chongqing empress dowager's 80th birthday. Located in the north of Chengde summer resort and the south of Shizigou, Hebei Province, it is the largest building complex among the Eight Outer Temples in Chengde. It was built in 1771.

Putuo Zongcheng temple covers an area of 220000 square meters. Its main building, dahongtai, is located on the top of the mountain, with a height of 43 meters. In the center of the platform, Wanfa Guiyi hall is the main hall. The top of the hall is higher than the group of buildings, and the top of the hall is covered with gilt fish scale copper tiles. More than 60 (more than 40 existing) flat topped blockhouse style white terrace and Fanta white terrace are arranged freely in depth with the mountain, without obvious axis. In December 1994, "Chengde summer resort and its surrounding temples", including the temple of Zongcheng in Putuo, were registered as a world heritage site by UNESCO.

On March 4, 1961, the Zongcheng Temple of Putuo was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

The temple of Zongcheng in Putuo was built in March 1767 and completed in August 1771. The temple was built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother's celebration of the 80th birthday of the Empress Dowager in the 36th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign. Emperor Qianlong made a stele in the temple to commemorate the ceremony. The temple is modeled after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, so it is also commonly known as the "little potala palace". Putuo Zongcheng and Potala have the same origin, meaning "holy land of Guanyin".

Every year, on July 11 of the lunar calendar, a degree examination of Tibetan Buddhism is held in the main hall of Putuo Zongcheng temple, Wanfa Guiyi hall.

Every year, on the 27th of the twelfth month and the 14th of the first month of the lunar calendar, activities are held in the main hall of Putuo Zongcheng temple, Wanfa Guiyi hall. All the lamas of Putuo Zongcheng Temple chant scriptures in this hall.

In 1771, Emperor Qianlong met with the returned turhute leader wobaxi and his party at the Wanfa Guiyi hall, and held large-scale activities of preaching and celebrating birthday.

In 1932, the Wanfa Guiyi hall, which was copied by Rockefeller, a chaebol, collected a large number of Buddhist statues and implements in China and participated in the World Expo held in Chicago.

Architectural features

layout

The temple of Putuo Zongcheng was built after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. The temple is built close to the mountain and faces south. Inside the mountain gate is the stele Pavilion, and in the north is the five pagoda gate. It is more than ten meters high and has three arches. Five Lama pagodas, red, yellow, black, white and green, are built on it. North of the gate is the glazed archway. The northern part of the memorial archway is getting higher and higher, and all kinds of white terrace and tower buildings are scattered due to the terrain. Finally, it is the majestic main building dahongtai. On the front of dahongtai, below is the 18 meter high dahongtai, on which stands the 25 meter high dahongtai. The red platform is surrounded by three-story buildings, and in the center is the hall of Wanfa Guiyi with double eaves and gilded copper tiles.

The layout of Putuo Zongcheng temple is divided into three parts: the front part includes Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion and five tower gate; the middle part includes glass archway, white platform and monk's room; the rear part is the main building dahongtai and other surrounding buildings, with a total of more than 60 places in size, which is surrounded by the high wall with battlements and around the temple according to the ups and downs of the mountain. Walking along the five hole stone bridge and entering the Tibetan Mountain Gate, you will find the stele Pavilion covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are three stones standing in the pavilion, which are divided into three parts, namely, the inscription on the temple of Chengzhi of Putuo Zong, the complete obedience of turhute, and the records of you pitying turhute. Behind the pavilion is the gate of the five towers. The five pagoda gate is full of white walls, with three layers of blind Tibetan windows on top and three arches on the bottom. There are five Lama pagodas on the top of the gate, and a pair of large stone statues in front of the gate, symbolizing auspiciousness and the boundless power of the Mahayana sect of Buddhism.

characteristic

Dahongtai in the north of the courtyard of Putuo Zongcheng temple is the main building of Putuo Zongcheng temple. The facade of Baitai is plastered with red and gray to form a three-layer Tibetan trapezoidal window (also known as "blind window"). The upper six floors are true and false Tibetan trapezoidal windows, and the lowest floor is Chinese horizontal rectangular window. In the middle of the red wall, there are six glazed niches from the bottom to the top, all decorated with yellow and purple glazed tent, with built-in glazed Buddha statues. A parapet was built on the red platform last week, and a yellow glazed Buddha niche was inlaid on the wall, in which a glazed Buddha statue was built. In the center of the top of the wall, there are eight glazed treasures and Lama pagodas. At the corner of the parapet on the top of the platform, there are bottles and iron flags.

The dahongtai building in the temple of Sutras in Putuo is built on the hillside. The complex shape has been carefully designed and processed into several unequal height cheeks. On the East and west sides of the Dabai terrace, along the climbing Road to the top of the first flat Dabai terrace, there are four large stone carving poles and four large cast iron water tanks. The platform is huge and the vision is wide. In the east of Baitai, there is the Manjusri Shengjing Hall of Tibetan style, and in the west, there is the thousand Buddha Pavilion decorated with Chinese style glazed pendant flowers. Around dahongtai, you can reach the second plane, donghongtai. Around it, there are two-story group buildings. The center of the group buildings is the two-story Yuzuo building with tile roof. The third plane is through the second floor, which is the Wanfa Guiyi hall. On this plane, three stories of group buildings are built around Wanfa Guiyi hall. The second story of group buildings can reach Luojia Shengjing hall in the north of donghongtai and the triple boundary pavilion with double eaves and octagonal Luan gold tile top in the northeast corner. The Cihang Pudu pavilion with double eaves and hexagonal inlaid gold tile top in the northwest corner of the top of group buildings is built. These pavilions, with different forms and different heights, are covered with Luan gold fish scales and copper tiles on the top of the pavilions. They complement each other with red and white platforms. Against the backdrop of numerous mountains, the space outline is magnificent.

Main buildings

overview

The temple covers an area of about 220000 square meters and is surrounded by a winding palace wall. There are more than 60 buildings in total, which are built according to the mountainous terrain and have bright colors. They are the representative works of ancient Chinese royal temples. The main buildings include: Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion, five tower gate, glazed archway, white platform, big white platform, big red platform, East Red platform and so on.

Stone Bridge

In front of the temple, there is a five hole stone bridge across Shizigou. Cross the bridge to the square in front of the mountain gate.

Shanmen

To the south of the mountain gate, the temple is a combination of Qing style and Tibetan style. On the white platform of the Tibetan Sanquan gate, there is a Qing style tower. The white platform is of brick and stone structure, with three coupons in the front and a blind window on the coupons. The white terrace is surrounded by pheasant dishes. In the center of the terrace is a Qing style city building, with five rooms wide and two rooms deep. It has a single eaves on the top of the hall, with yellow glazed tiles and green edges. There are corridors in front and back, with built-in sills and windows, and solid walls on both sides. Worshipping the Dharma protector in the city tower

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Bu Da La Gong