Xiaozhou Village

Xiaozhou Village was built at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. It still retains the life style of the last small bridge in Lingnan water town. Walking into Xiaozhou Village is like walking into a folk museum. The houses are built along the river, and the residents live by the river. The hundred year old banyan trees can be seen everywhere. The five or six hundred year old oyster shell house is a witness of the great changes of Lingnan. The ancient well crossed by the crisscross fields has hundreds of years of precipitation.

Xiaozhou Village

Xiaozhou Village, known as "Yingzhou" in ancient times, is a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Huazhou street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou. It is located in the southeast of Haizhu District, surrounded by water on all sides and shaped like an island. The village area is 4.3 square kilometers

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Xiaozhou Village was established in Yuan Dynasty, and the surname Jian moved from Xinxiang, Henan Province to Xiaozhou Village in early Ming Dynasty. Xiaozhou Village retains a complete pattern of water town and enjoys the reputation of "Zhouzhuang in the north and Yingzhou in the South". There are many immovable cultural heritages in the village, among which the Tianhou palace, yuxu palace, Guqiao, dengqiu ancient wharf and the unique "oyster shell house" in Lingnan water network area all reflect the historical heritage of ancient villages at the estuary of the Pearl River. It is said that the dragon boat of Xiaozhou was once called "flying dragon of Yingzhou" in the Southern Han Dynasty, so only the dragon boat of Xiaozhou Village was a flag with yellow bottom and red edge. Xiaozhou Village, known as Xiaozhou Art Village, is an ancient village with the characteristics of Lingnan water town and a favorite habitat for artists. A large number of writers and artists gathered in Xiaozhou Village, and the saying "798 in the north and Xiaozhou Village in the South" sprang up

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On August 26, 2013, Xiaozhou Village was announced as the second batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance

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Village history

Xiaozhou Village started from Yuan Dynasty.

During the reign of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Xiaozhou Village belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai county.

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Xiaozhou Village belonged to the binshe under the Jiaotang division.

During the period of the Republic of China, Xiaozhou Village belonged to Panyu county.

In 1926, Xiaozhou Village was put under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou for the first time.

In 1937, Guangzhou was under the jurisdiction of the newly established binshe Township Office.

In 1940, due to the need of Anti Japanese War, Xiaozhou Village was re assigned to Panyu county.

After the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Xiaozhou Village was once again assigned to Guangzhou.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, Xiaozhou Village was a suburb.

In 1956, the government established Xiaozhou township.

In 1958, Xiaozhou township was abolished, Xiaozhou Village was transferred to the newly established Lijiao Township, and then Lijiao township was withdrawn to establish Xinjiao people's commune.

In 1984, Xinjiao people's commune was changed into Xinjiao district office.

In 1987, the district office was abolished to become Xinjiao town.

In the 1990s, Lingnan painters Guan Shanyue and Li Xiongcai initiated the establishment of Xiaozhou art village

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In 2002, Xinjiao town was abolished, and Xiaozhou Village was moved from village to residence. Xiaozhou residents committee was established and put under the jurisdiction of the newly established Huazhou sub district office

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geographical environment

Location context

Xiaozhou Village is located in Huazhou street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, in the Pearl River Delta, surrounded by Xijiang River in the north and West, covering an area of 4.3 square kilometers

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topographic features

Xiaozhou Village is located on the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta. The main mountain range is Huatai mountain, with the highest altitude of 10 meters. It is high in the middle and low around

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Vegetation types

Xiaozhou Village is surrounded by fruit forests. In the southwest and east of the village, there are large areas of fruit forests, planted with Shixia longan, litchi, carambola and other fruits. The green trees in the village are mainly distributed along rivers and waterways. The tree species are mainly banyan, willow and autumn maple. The ancient and famous trees are concentrated in open public space, such as the open space in front of the wharf ancestral temple. The tree age is about 100-200 years, and the girth of the tree chest is about 1-2 meters

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hydrologic condition

Xijiang River is the largest river flowing through Xiaozhou Village. From the west of the village, it flows around the village from north to south, turns to the southeast 1000 meters north of the village, and then flows into Paifang River (a section of the Pearl River back channel) at the northeast corner of the village, which is called "Dacong". Xijiang River in the west of the village is divided into two small river branches at the northwest corner and southwest corner respectively, and the Northwest River branch flows through the village to the south After the center converges with another stream from the south, it turns eastward and finally converges into Xiyong. This "Y" shaped water system is locally known as shigangjiao. One stream flows northward into shigangjiao in the center of the village, and the other flows around the southern edge of the village into Xiyong in the east of the village. The width of Xijiang River varies from 30m to 100m, the water surface is wide and the water depth is 2-3m.

The east side of Xiaozhou Village is surrounded by the tributaries of Xijiang River. The water surface is 20-50 meters wide and the water depth is 1-2 meters. The East Bank of Xiaozhou Village is basically covered with fruit trees. There are three water lanes in the village, which divide the ancient village into four plots. The water surface is 3-5 meters wide, the water depth is 1-2 meters, and the total length of the water lane is about 600 meters.

The small stream is the second largest river flowing through Xiaozhou Village. It receives three small streams in the village and flows into the big stream in S shape from south to North in the northeast corner of the village. In the center of the village, there are also slender small ditches in the orchard connected with the water network. The whole river network of Xiaozhou Village water village settlement forms a huge water network system, and the water level of the river network rises and falls with the tide

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Village characteristics

Site selection concept

Xiaozhou Village is born and developed because of water. Water plays a very important role in the formation and development of Xiaozhou Village, which is the mother of Lingnan water town environment. Xiaozhou Village is built along the Xijiang River, surrounded by dense and winding tidal channels. The ancestors made full use of the water network, making it the skeleton of the village space system and the main context of people's organization of life and transportation. River Lane is not only the link between villagers and surrounding rural and urban areas, but also the main channel of goods transportation, and also the main place for residents to gather and exchange laundry in daily life

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spatial distribution

"Lingnan water town, Yingzhou ancient village" is the biggest feature of Xiaozhou Village pattern.

The northeast of Xiaozhou Village leads to the back channel of the Pearl River. The ancient village area is surrounded by water on all sides, and the internal water network is also dense. The river is the natural boundary of Xiaozhou Village Group, and the water village building group is naturally divided into three groups by the water network system: North, West and south.

The overall pattern of Xiaozhou Village can be summarized as the trinity of water, forest and village. The environment and overall pattern of Guoji River still exist. However, the old village area has been more urbanized, the control of new buildings has not been strictly implemented, and the ancient buildings and historical and cultural relics have been abandoned and damaged to a certain extent.

The building complex in the North group is centered on the red sandstone xiaoshigang (locally known as "Huatai") in the middle. It is roughly radially distributed around according to the terrain, and is divided into five parts: South, southwest, West, North and East, similar to the eight diagrams. The street, starting from the red sandstone hill, has been extending outwards and is roughly perpendicular to the surrounding rivers.

The buildings and streets in the southeast of the southern group are obviously northwest southeast trend, perpendicular to the north-south river; the buildings and streets in the north half of the western group are East-West trend, vertical River; the buildings in the South half are East-West trend, vertical river

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The main streets are arranged along the river. In addition, there are one street running through the East, West, North and south. The width of the street along the river is about 5-10 meters. The width of the inner street is slightly narrow, about 4-6 meters. The main streets are: Dengying street, Xinlu street, Xiyue street, Xiqiao street, xipuzhi street, Nansheng street, etc. The inner roadway network is formed by the vertical divergence of the roadway along the river and the street. The width of the roadway is about 3 meters, and the spacing is about 20-30 meters. Representative roadways are: Zhonghua no.1-no.6 lane, Nansheng no.6-no.8 lane, Xiqiao no.3-no.5 lane, etc

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Economic society

population

According to the official website of China Traditional Village Museum in February 2020, the main ethnic group in Xiao Zhou Village is Han nationality, with a registered residence population of 6563 and a permanent population of 16563.

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Economics

"History of Xiaozhou Village" records that "the villagers of Xiaozhou have been growing fruits for generations, and fruit trees are in full bloom" and "rich in Shixia longan, red carambola and other famous fruits in Southeast Asia".

According to Xinjiao, rice was no longer planted in Xinjiao at the end of the 20th century. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, farmers knew how to build embankment fruit base in order to maintain soil and water fertility and increase fruit yield. Among them, "Guoji fish pond" is a traditional farming method. That is, the low-lying fields will be dug into ponds, and the excavated soil will be piled around for foundation. "Fish culture in pond and fruit planting on the base" has a good effect.

In the 1970s, almost all the fruits produced by Xiaozhou Village were exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.

According to the official website of Chinese Traditional Village Museum in February 2020, the main industry of Xiaozhou Village is agriculture (fruit). The annual income of the village collective is 20 million yuan, and the average annual income of the villagers is 3047 yuan. The scale of Carambola planting is the largest, with 1165 Mu and 3200 tons of annual output

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Main attractions

Hanmo Bridge

Hanmo bridge is located in shigangyong from Xipu street to Xiyuan street, Xiaozhou Village, Yingzhou road. It is said that it was built by Sima Sixiang, a native of Xiaozhou Village, when he read his ancestors. It was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is a single hole stone with east-west trend

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Zhou Cun