goddess

Mazu

synonym

The goddess of heaven generally refers to Mazu (the God of the sea with the southeast coast of China as the center)

Mazu, the belief of sea god centered on the southeast coast of China, is also known as Tianfei, Tianhou, tianmadonna, niangma and so on

It's calendar and modern

A god shared by boatman, seaman, passenger, merchant and fisherman. Mazu, formerly known as Lin Mo

The first year of song Jianlong (960)

Born in Meizhou Island of Putian on March 23 of the lunar calendar

In the fourth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (987), it was difficult to save the sea

He died on the ninth day of September.

At present, there are tens of thousands of Mazu temples in 45 countries and regions around the world, and more than 300 million people believe in Mazu.

In the 1980s, Mazu was awarded the title of "goddess of peace" by relevant UN agencies.

September 30, 2009

Mazu belief was officially listed in the intangible cultural heritage of mankind by UNESCO

It has become the first World Heritage site in China.

An analysis of faith

Mazu is a popular belief in the coastal areas of China. Mazu culture originated in Song Dynasty, developed in Yuan Dynasty, flourished in Ming Dynasty, flourished in Qing Dynasty and flourished in modern times. Before going to sea, people should first sacrifice Mazu, pray for the wind and safety, and set up the Mazu shrine on the ship. Mazu is a spiritual symbol and female representative of selflessness, kindness, kindness, heroism and other traditional virtues.

Lin Mo Niang's identity of "Li Zhong Wu" is the original form of Mazu belief. Mazu belief originated in a special ecological environment, which is closely related to marine fishery production and maritime activities. Fishermen can not be counted because of the shipwreck, so they hope to have the patron saint of the sea to protect their safety. Mazu's identity as a witch just meets people's expectations. She was able to speak of human misfortunes and blessings, help the poor and help the vulnerable, cure diseases and eliminate disasters, which conformed to people's wishes, so she set up a temple to offer sacrifices after her death. After that, her miracles came one after another and shaped her into a perfect goddess. Therefore, the folk belief in witchcraft is the ideological basis for the formation of Mazu culture.

In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), Mazu was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people Miaoling Zhaoying Hongren Puji Tianfei Dame". In the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), Mazu was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people Miaoling Zhaoying Puji Tianfei Dame". From then on, the "heavenly Dame" and "Tianhou" became Mazu's holy name.

Overseas Chinese Worship Mazu, the fundamental purpose is not to forget the ancestors, do not forget the fundamental. Mazu was originally the God of sea protection. Later, when her functions gradually expanded, people believed that Mazu could help merchants, craftsmen, dystocia and other diseases. So overseas Chinese also built temples to offer sacrifices. People always hope to carry forward Mazu's spirit of fraternity, helping the weak and the poor, bravery, indomitability and filial piety through Mazu sacrifice, and to integrate the essence of Mazu culture into daily life and pass it on to the next generation.

This is the true portrayal of "where there is sea water, there are Chinese, there are Mazu everywhere". As a result, Mazu became one of the most important folk gods in the history of marine culture.

Nickname

Mazu, the God of the sea, has the most nicknames in the world. Mazu's nicknames include: Lin Mo (original name), long Nu, Sheng Nu, Shen Gu, Tian Hou, Niang Ma, Tian Fei, Sheng Fei, Shen Nu, Sheng Niang, Shen Fei, Ling Nu, aunt, Zu Gu, Ling Fei, Mo Niang, Madame Lin, Tian Fei Shen, nu Hai Shen, Mei Zhou Ma, Lin Xiao Nu, Sheng Fei Niang, Ling Hui Fei, Xian Ji Fei and Lin mo Mother, goddess of the sea, goddess of heaven, goddess of Tongxian, Princess Shunji, goddess of heaven, goddess of heaven, lady Chongfu, goddess of heaven, goddess of heaven, goddess of peace (Mazu is called "goddess of world peace") and so on.

Historical commendation

Mazu's title went through 36 times of commendation in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Mazu was included in the national ceremony from "Madame", "imperial concubine", "heavenly Concubine" to "Queen of heaven" and "Virgin Mary". The emperor's canonization clearly recorded Mazu's three great achievements from "assisting the country" to "protecting the saints" and "protecting the people". In the first year of Guangxu, the title of Mazu was 64 words. According to statistics, the titles of Mazu given by emperors of all dynasties have reached more than 600 words, which is the highest record of titles of immortals in China. The titles of Mazu in the past dynasties are as follows:

Song dynasty

In 1123, the fifth year of Xuanhe reign, Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty granted "Shunji Temple forehead"

In 1156, the 26th year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "lady Linghui"

In 1160, the 30th year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty added the title of "lady Linghui Zhaoying"

In 1166, the second year of Qiandao, Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "lady yingchongfu of linghuizhao"

In 1184, the 12th year of Chunxi reign, Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "lady lingci Zhaoying Chongfu Shanli"

In 1192, the third year of the reign of Shaoxi, Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty granted the title of "Ling huifei"

In 1198, the fourth year of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Lady of mercy"

In 1208, the first year of Jiading, Emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Xianwei"

In 1217, the tenth year of Jiading, Emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Ling Hui Zhu Shun Xian Wei Yinglie Fei"

In 1239, the third year of the reign of emperor Jiaxi, Emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Linghui Zhushun Jiaying yingliefei"

In 1254, the second year of Baoyou, LiZong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Ling Hui Zhu Shun, Jiaying Yinglie Xie Zheng Fei"

In 1256, the fourth year of Baoyou reign, Emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Ling Hui Xie Zheng Jiaying Tzu Chi Fei"

In 1259, the first year of Kaiqing, LiZong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Xianji imperial concubine"

In 1262, the third year of JINGDING, LiZong of Song Dynasty was granted the title of "Ling Hui Xian Ji Jia Ying Shan Qing Fei"

yuan dynasty

In 1278, the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty was granted the title of "protecting the country, making a great contribution to the society, being good at celebrating and helping the heavenly concubine."

In 1281, the 18th year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty granted the title of "protecting the country and writing the imperial concubine of heaven"

In 1289, the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty granted the title of "protecting the country, showing you the emperor's concubine"

In 1299, the third year of Dade, yuan Chengzong was granted the title of "Fu Sheng PI min Ming Zhu Tian Fei"

In 1314, the first year of Yanyou, Emperor Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty was granted the title of "protecting the country, protecting the people, and Guangji emperor mingzhutianfei"

In 1329, the second year of Tianli, Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Guangji, Huiming and Zhutian Fei"

In 1354, Emperor Huizong of the Yuan Dynasty (Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty) was granted the title of "assisting the state, protecting the saints, protecting the people, helping the people, benefiting the emperor and the emperor."

the ming dynasty

In 1372, the fifth year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty was granted the title of "Zhao Xiao, pure and holy concubine of Fuji induction"

In 1409, the seventh year of Yongle reign, the Ming Dynasty was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling Zhaoying Hongren and Puji Tianfei"

In 1644, Chongzhen was granted the title of protecting the country and the people, Miaoling Zhaoying Hongren Puji anding Tzu Hui Tianfei

Qing Dynasty

In 1680, Emperor Kangxi was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling, Zhaoying, Hongren, Puji, the goddess of heaven"

In 1684 of the 23rd year of Kangxi reign, the emperor of Qing Dynasty was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling Zhaoying merciful empress."

In 1737, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty granted the title of "Miaoling Zhaoying Hongren Puji Fuyou qunshengtian"

In 1738, the third year of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Mazu was granted the title of "Empress of Hongren and Puji" in Jin Dynasty

In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling, Zhaoying, Hongren, Puji, Fuyou, Qunsheng, Chenggan, Xianfu empress."

In the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling, Zhaoying, Hongren, Puji, Fuyou, Qunsheng, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianshun, Tianhou"

In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, Zhaoying Hongren, Puji, Fuyou, Qunsheng, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xian

In the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814), Emperor Renzong of the Qing Dynasty granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, Zhaoying Hongren, Puji, Fuyou, Qunsheng, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu

In the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, great benevolence, universal aid, good fortune, sincere feeling, Xianfu, showing God's praise, obedience, benevolence, benediction, and good fortune"

In 1839, Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, great benevolence, universal aid, good fortune, sincere feeling, Xianfu, showing God, praising the empress of Qin Haiyu, who followed Ci, Du, Hu, Anlan, Li, Yun Ze"

In the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, Miaoling Zhaoying, Hongren, Puji, Fuyou, Qunsheng, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Xianfu, Tianbo, Anlan, liyunze, qinhaiyu, Tianbo, xuanhui empress dowager"

In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, showing great benevolence, helping the people, giving birth to the people, showing sincerity, Xianfu showing God's praise, following the direction of benevolence, benedicting Anlan, benefiting Yunze, qinhaiyu, Tianbo, xuanhui, guiding Yanqing empress."

In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, wonderful spirit, showing great benevolence, giving blessing to the people, showing sincerity, showing God's praise, following the direction of benevolence, showing God's praise, helping Anlan and liyunze, qinhaiyu, Tianbo, xuanhui, leading the way to Yanqing, the empress of Jingyang and Xizhi."

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, protecting the people, benefiting the people, benefiting the people, showing the sincerity of Xianfu, praising the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), he was granted the title of "protecting the country and protecting the people, protecting the people, protecting the people, benefiting the people, benefiting the people, showing the sincerity of Xianfu, praising the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, helping the people, helping the people, helping the people, loving the people, showing the spirit of Xianfu, praising the people, helping the

Xianfeng seven years, 1857, Qingwen

Chinese PinYin : Tian Shang Sheng Mu