Xanthium sibiricum

Zi < / u > (Qianjin Shizhi)

[synonyms]? Ershi (Ben Jing), niulouzi (collection of Guizhou folk prescriptions), hushizi (collection of medicinal materials), Canglang species, mianmantis (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), Cangzi, hucangzi (northeast Zhi Yao Zhi), yilouzi (Guangxi Zhi Yao), cangkezi, canger (Shaanxi herbal medicine).

[source] it is the involucrate fruit of Xanthium sibiricum. See Xanthium for plant morphology.

[collection] from August to September, the fruits are picked and dried when they are ripe, or the whole plant is cut, the fruits are beaten, and the impurities are removed and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried fruit with involucre is spindle shaped, about 1-1.7 cm long and 4-7 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish green, brownish green or dark brown, with many uncinate spines about 2 mm long. There are two thick spines at one end, separated or connected, tough exoderm (involucre), divided into two chambers, each containing a small achene. The achene is slightly spindle shaped, one side is flat, the pericarp is gray black, papery, one end has a spiny column base; the seed is light gray, the seed coat is membranous, there are 2 cotyledons in it, and the radicle is at the tip. The oil is slightly bitter. The best color is yellow green.

All over the country. Mainly produced in Shandong, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu and other places.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains 1.2% xanthoside, 3.3% resin, fatty oil, alkaloid, vitamin C and pigment. The percentage of linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid was 64.20%, 26.8%, 5.32% and 3.63%, respectively. Among the unsaponifiable substances, there are waxy alcohol, β -, γ -, and ε - sitosterol. Lecithin accounts for 33.2% of acetone insoluble lipids and cephalin 66.8%.

The seed kernel contains 6-7% water and 40% fatty oil. Its fatty acid composition is 64.8% linoleic acid, 26.7% oleic acid, 7.0-7.5% stearic acid and 1.5-2.0% palmitic acid. It also contains β - sitosterol and stigmasterol. The seed chitosan contains 15.86% pentosan and can be used as raw material for furfural production.

[pharmacological action] Xanthium sibiricum is poisonous. The results showed that the oil of Xanthium sibiricum (heated to 120 "C) and its protein (insoluble in water and denatured during extraction) had no obvious toxicity, but the water extract from defatted part had great toxicity. A glycoside was isolated from the water extract, which may be the main toxic component of Xanthium sibiricum. The residue after soaking in water is less toxic or nontoxic. After high heat treatment, if the coke is fried, its toxicity will be destroyed. The median lethal dose of intraperitoneal injection in mice was 0.93 g / kg. The poisoning behaviors of rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were basically the same, such as decreased activity, slow response to external stimulation, irregular breathing, extremely difficult breathing before death, accompanied by paroxysmal convulsions. Histopathological examination showed that the main organs damaged by poisoning were basically the same except for the difference in degree. Degeneration or necrosis of liver; turbid and swollen epithelium of renal convoluted duct with protein tube type in lumen; congestion and edema of lung and brain, mild turbid and swollen heart. Liver damage is the most serious, similar to carbon tetrachloride damage, so it is considered that the main cause of seed kernel extract poisoning is liver necrosis, and convulsion caused by secondary brain edema may be the direct cause of death. Promethazine has preventive and therapeutic effects on poisoned rabbits and guinea pigs. Phospholipid, DL Methionine, cystine, vitamin C, vitamin K3, vitamin B12, diphenhydramine, aminophylline or glucose also have certain effects. Strychnine is also effective in rabbits. Atropine, Coramine, chlorpromazine, barbital and norepinephrine were ineffective. Some people think that the strong paroxysmal convulsion after poisoning is related to the significant decrease of blood glucose caused by the glycosides contained in Xanthium sibiricum. Injection of large amount of glucose can relieve convulsion and prolong life. The tincture made of Xanthium sibiricum can enhance the respiratory movement of frog. A large amount of oxygen inhibits breathing.

Xanthium sibiricum decoction has some antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, and its acetone or ethanol extract also has antibacterial effect on Trichophyton rubrum in vitro.

[processing] remove impurities, remove thorns, sift ash, stir fry until yellow, take out and let cool.

Sweet, warm and poisonous.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes sweet and warm. "

② Bielu: "bitter. "

③ "Pinhuijingyao": "bitter and sweet taste, warm nature, small poison. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung and liver meridians.

① "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the lung meridian. "

② "Yuluo Yaojie": entering the liver meridian of foot Jueyin. "

③ "Into the liver and spleen. "

④ Huiyue medical mirror: "entering the liver and kidney meridians. "

Functions and indications: dispersing wind, relieving pain, removing dampness and killing insects. Treatment of cold headache, nasopharynx, toothache, cold dampness Bi, limb contracture pain, scabies, itching.

① "Ben Jing"; main wind head cold pain, rheumatism week Bi, limb contracture pain, evil flesh dead muscle. "

② In the collection of materia medica: "soaking wine to remove wind, tonifying.". "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica" says: "cure all customs, fill marrow, warm waist and feet. It is used to treat scrofula, scabies and pruritus. "

④ "Materia medica Mengyao" says: "it is good at stopping headache and opening the top door. It pursues the wind and poisons in the bone marrow and kills chancre. "

⑤ Bencaozheng: "cure the nasopharynx. "

⑥ "Ben Cao Bei Yao": "good at sweating, dispersing rheumatism, up to the top of the brain, down to the feet and knees, outside to the skin. For headache, dark eyes, toothache, nasopharynx, needling“

⑦ "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "Xiaozhong kaibi, Xiefeng dehumidification. Treatment of mange, wind and pruritus. "

⑧ Yao Yao Fen Ji: "treat nasal breath. "

⑨ "Hui Yue Yi Jing": treating hemorrhoids. "

⑩ Ben Cao Zai Xin: "treat eye pain. "

[usage and dosage] decoct soup, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan, or put into pill or powder.

[should avoid] blood deficiency headache, Bi pain should not be taken.

① Tang materia medica: "avoid pork, horse meat, rice swill. "

② "Materia Medica from the new": "disperse Qi and consume blood, do not take empty people. "

[prescription selection] 1. Treatment of wind vertigo or brain pain: three taels of Xanthium sibiricum and three taels of Baige. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

② In addition to rheumatism, limb contracture: Xanthium three Liang. Mash with 1.5 liter of water and fry for 7 minutes. Remove dross and sip. (heart mirror of food medicine)

③ Treatment of leprosy: one jin, three liang of Xanthium sibiricum. Each for the end, rice for the ball, such as Wuzi big. Take it three times a day for two yuan. Avoid sex in March. (the secret of the cave)

④ Cure scabies, dispel wind and disperse poison: stir fry clam meat with Xanthium sibiricum. (essential preparation of raw herbs)

⑤ Cure woman wind Sao addiction rash, body itching more than: Xanthium flower, leaf, son, etc., pound fine Luo for the end. Two yuan for each serving. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑥ Treatment of turbid nose more than: half Liang, cocklebur two and a half money, incense one or two, thin half money. On and dry, for fine powder. Take two yuan for each serving, then eat after scallion and tea. (Ji Sheng Fang canger SAN)

⑦ Treatment, tinnitus: Xanthium half. Mash, two liters of water, twist and filter juice, and half of porridge food, or for casual fried service. (Sheng Hui Fang Cang Er Zi congee)

⑧ Treatment of toothache: five liters of Xanthium sibiricum, with a bucket of water, boil five liters, heat containing, pain vomiting, vomiting containing. No seed, stem and leaf can be used. (qianjinyifang)

⑨ Treatment of sores: Xanthium five money. Stir fry for the end, take yellow rice wine; and with chicken Qingtu affected area, pull out the roots. (Xanthium wine from experience Collection)

[clinical application] 1

The Fructus Xanthii was made into 30% injection, 2-4 ml was injected at the pain point every time, once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment. 163 cases of lumbocrural pain caused by lumbar sprain, lumbar muscle strain, sciatica, hypertrophic spondylitis, lumbar cleft, etc. the total effective rate was 89%. The effective rate was reduced after one injection, generally 3-5 times. For acute lumbar sprain or lumbar muscle damage, the curative effect is good; for lumbago caused by sacral cleft and hypertrophic lumbar spondylitis, the curative effect is not stable.

② Treatment of allergic rhinitis

After treatment, the symptoms of most patients disappeared or improved, or the attack decreased. Most of the nasal mucosa did not show obvious changes except a few of them changed from pale to mild hyperemia. Usage: bake Xanthium sibiricum seeds into dark brown powder, 3-5g each time, 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Or the powder and the mixture are made into pills (each pill contains 3 grams of powder), 1-2 pills each time, 3 times a day for 2 weeks, 3 weeks to 2 months if necessary. The powder can also be extracted with alcohol and made into tablets (each tablet is equivalent to about 1.5g of the original crude drug). Take 2 tablets each time, 3 times a day for about 2 weeks. A small number of patients have mild diarrhea, abdominal distension, headache, weakness, etc.

③ Treatment of chronic rhinitis

Take 30-40 Xanthium sibiricum seeds, beat them gently, put them into a small clean aluminum cup, add 1 liang sesame oil, boil them gently, remove Xanthium sibiricum, and pour them into a small bottle for standby after it is cold. Use cotton swab dipped in medicine oil to smear nasal cavity, 2-3 times a day, two weeks as a course of treatment. 207 cases were treated, except 3 cases were invalid, 12 cases did not insist on medication, the rest were cured, clinical symptoms completely disappeared. The longest follow-up time was 3 years, and no recurrence was found.

④ Treating malaria

3 Liang fresh Xanthium sibiricum, wash and mash, add water to fry for 15 minutes, remove the residue, beat in 2-3 eggs and cook in the liquid. Eggs were laid before the onset of malaria

Chinese PinYin : Cang Er Zi