Arnebia euchroma

Arnebia euchroma

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Ci, Bi Cao (Er Ya), Zi Dan, Zi Qi (Ben Jing), di Xue (Wu Pu Ben Cao), Bi Shu (Guang ya), Zi Cao Rong (Zhi Jue of pediatric medicine syndrome), Ya Lian Cao (compendium), Zi Cao Gen (Modern Practical Chinese medicine), Shan Zicao (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), Hong shigen (Liaoning Economic flora).

[source] it is the root of Arnebia, pseudoarnebia Xinzang or Arnebia yunnanensis.

(1) Arnebia euchroma

Herbs perennial, up to 90 cm tall. Root erect, cylindrical, slightly curved, often divergent, skin dark red purple. Stem erect, single or divergent, whole plant hirsute. Leaves alternate, sessile; leaf blade oblong lanceolate, ca. 6 cm long, ca. 1.3 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate, entire, both surfaces strigose. Cymes racemose, terminal; flowers bisexual; bracts leaflike, two faces hirsute; calyx short tubular, 5-lobed, lobes narrowly acuminate; corolla white, corolla tube short, apex 5-lobed, throat with 5 scaly appendages, base with hairs; stamens 5, inserted in the middle of corolla tube, filaments short or absent; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style linear, stigma globose, lobed. Nutlets erect, ovoid, light brown. Seeds 4, ovoid. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from July to August.

It grows in mountain grass, mountain sunny slope and valley. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu and other places.

② Arnebia euchroma

Perennial herb, 25-35 cm high, covered with white hirsute hairs. The roots are straight, slightly conical, and the branches are twisted together. Stem erect, simple or base dichotomous, hirsute. Root leaves tufted, sessile, leaf blade linear lanceolate, about 13 cm long, apex acute, base gradually narrow, entire, yellow green brown; stem leaves alternate, shorter, sessile. Flowers bisexual; bracts linear lanceolate, bristly; calyx short tubular, lobes 5 narrow, leaflike, as long as corolla or beyond; corolla long tubular, purple or lavender, as long as 1.5 cm, lobes 5, elliptic, lateral slightly white hairy, throat and base smooth; stamens 5, filaments short or absent; ovary superior, style slender, stigma spherical 2. Deep fissure. Nutlets broadly ovate, light brown. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruiting period is from August to September.

It grows in high mountain weeds or sunny slope. Distributed in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu and other places.

③ Arnebia yunnanensis

Perennial herbs, 60-80 cm high. The root is erect, cylindrical, hard, and the skin is dark red purple. Stem simple, erect, sessile; basal leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, ca. 20 cm long and 2.6 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire, surface strigose, dorsal midrib hirsute; upper leaves gradually smaller, lanceolate. The flowers are bisexual; the calyx tube is almost divided, and the lobes are linear to lanceolate; the Corolla is tubular, red, about 1.4 cm long, with 5 lobes at the apex, and the lobes are triangular and involute; the stamens are 5, and the anthers are 5 connected, surrounding the style, the base is cuneate, the filaments are short and white pilose; the ovary is superior, deeply 4-lobed, and the style is exposed outside the corolla. Nutlets ovate, light brown. It blooms in early summer.

Born in the grass on the sunny hillside. It is distributed in Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan and Guizhou.

[collection] dig the roots from April to may or from September to October, remove the residual stems and soil (do not wash with water to prevent fading), and dry them in the sun or light fire.

(1) Arnebia rigida

It is the dry root of Arnebia euchroma. It is twisted cylindrical or slightly spindle shaped, about 7-15 cm long and 0.7-2 cm in diameter. There are stem residues on the head of the root, often with lateral roots. Surface dark purple, rough, longitudinal groove, skin thin, slightly scaly. It is hard, light and brittle, and easy to break. The section is flaky, the skin is dark purple, and there are cracks or small round holes between the wood and the wood. The wood is obvious and yellow white. Special gas, slightly sweet and sour taste.

It is mainly produced in Northeast, Hubei, Hunan and other places.

② Arnebia mollis

The root of Arnebia euchroma is irregular cylindrical, slightly twisted, about 7-20 cm long and 1-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is dark purple. There is stem base at the top. The skin is very loose, with strips of scales, often more than ten layers, which are easy to peel into irregular strips. Soft and light, easy to break, section into a sheet, wood is not obvious, yellow white, into a ring, the center has dark purple large pulp. Special gas, slightly sour taste.

It is mainly produced in Xinjiang.

③ Arnebia yunnanensis

For the eradication of Arnebia euchroma, the peeled wood, also known as Arnebia euchroma, is cylindrical, about 15 cm long and 1-2 cm in diameter. The lower part is long divergent. The surface is purplish brown, covered with dark purple powder, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles. The wood is hard, not easy to break, with granular section, yellowish white and slightly purple wood, and purple pith. The gas is weak and the taste is slightly sour. The length of the turfgrass is about 0.5-5 cm, the length of the turfgrass is about 0.5 cm. The surface is purple brown and the inner surface is smooth. It is brittle and easy to break. Weak Qi and weak taste.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan.

In addition, there are: 1. Arnebia tianshanensis, similar to pseudoarnebia Xinzang, has short plants and clustered cymes. It is distributed in Xinjiang. ② Pseudoarnebia Pamirs has thick roots, many branched stems, linear lanceolate leaves, long tubular corolla, yellow color, and purple spots on the throat. It is distributed in Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang. ③ Arnebia pseudopurpurea, also known as Arnebia mongolica. The height is 9-22 cm. Stem single or multi branched. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1-1.5 cm long and 0.2-0.6 cm wide. Raceme, corolla yellow, lobes purplish. It is distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang. ④ It is similar to Arnebia yunnanensis but short, 15-30 cm in height. Corolla ca. 3 cm. It is distributed in Tibet. The roots of the above plants are used as medicine.

[chemical constituents] the roots of Arnebia euchroma contain acetoshikonin, isobutyryl shikonin, β, β - dimethylacrylonitrile shikonin, β - hydroxy isovaleryl shikonin and 3,4-dimethylpenten-3-acyl shikonin.

The roots of pseudopurpura tibetana contain β - hydroxyisovaleryl shikonin and 3,4-dimethylpenten-3-acyl shikonin.

(1) contraception

The results showed that 100 mg / 100 g ethanol extract and 30% purple grass root powder could inhibit the estrous period of rats, but the pigment extracted from the root was ineffective. The 50% syrups of Arnebia euchroma produced in Yunnan, given orally to mice for one month, can significantly inhibit the estrous period, which can be recovered after two months of withdrawal, and can inhibit the reputation rate of mice. After two months of oral administration of Lithospermum for two months, the ovaries of normal mice were significantly reduced, while the uterus and pituitary gland were slightly reduced, but there was no significant effect on the weight of other endocrine glands such as thyroid gland and adrenal gland. No keratinocytes were found in the vaginal smears of ovariectomized mice, and the weight of uterus did not increase, indicating that there was no estrogen like effect. The extract of Arnebia euchroma leaves can inhibit the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone and gonadotropin in anterior pituitary. This effect does not interfere with the synthesis of hormone, but affects its release. Oral administration of Arnebia euchroma, Arnebia kwangsiensis and Arnebia Zicao root (varieties not indicated) reduced the fertility rate of mice, and had obvious anti pituitary gonadotropin and anti chorionic gonadotropin effects, while shikonin had no obvious effect. 50% alcohol extract of Lithospermum purpureum from abroad can reduce the fertility rate of mice and prolong the estrous interval of normal mice, such as re injection of estrone or gonadotropin can still cause estrous period; for immature male or female mice, it can cause weight loss of sexual organs, thymus and droop, and delay the growth and development. Most of the effective ingredients are in flowers, seeds, leaves and roots. Its mechanism of action is that it inhibits the formation of pituitary gonadotropin, especially luteinizing hormone, or it directly inactivates the above hormones, which is called "inactivation".

② Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects

Lithospermum had inhibitory effect on Jingke 68-1 virus in vitro, Staphylococcus aureus and prodigium. The tincture of Arnebia euchroma produced by Qiansu has inhibitory effect on pyogenic bacteria and Escherichia coli. It can accelerate epithelial growth and treat burns. The results showed that the ether or water extract of Zicao root from Japan could inhibit capillary permeability (rat intradermal pigment exudation method) by oral administration or topical application; the edema of rat hind limbs caused by carrageenan by oral administration of 100 ml / kg extract had the same inhibitory effect as butazone, and shikonone and acetoshikonone also had the same anti-inflammatory effect. Local application can promote wound healing. The effect of Ziyun ointment made from Zicao root and Angelica sinensis was better than that of single drug. The water decoction of Arnebia euchroma has certain curative effect on mouse tuberculosis. But it was not effective on guinea pigs. It can inhibit many kinds of fungi by plate test. Shicao ointment can be used for tinea facialis.

③ Impact on circulation system

The decoction of Arnebia euchroma (purchased from Taiyuan City, the variety is not determined) has obvious excitatory effect on isolated or whole hearts of healthy rabbits and toads, which is related to the calcium content in the decoction. The blood pressure of nearly half of the animals (rabbits, dogs and cats) decreased sharply or even died after intravenous or intramuscular injection of the decoction under general anesthesia, but no such serious reaction was found in those who were not anesthetized or orally taken. There was no effect on the perfusion of Bufo gargarizans visceral blood vessels, rabbit hind limbs and isolated rabbit ears.

④ Antitumor effect

It is reported that Arnebia Root has certain curative effect on choriocarcinoma and malignant hydatidiform mole. The results showed that the root of Arnebia euchroma had very mild inhibitory effect on acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Shikonin can reduce the incidence rate of spontaneous breast cancer.

⑤ Other functions

The decoction of Arnebia euchroma has a mild antipyretic effect on rabbits and an unsteady excitatory effect on isolated uterus and small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits,

Chinese PinYin : Zi Cao