Gardenia

Chinese Name: Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

[category] fruits

[synonyms] Mudan (Ben Jing), Xianzhi (Shang Lin Fu), Zhuzi (Meng Kang Zhu of Han Shu), Zhizi (Ji Zhu of Ben Cao Jing), Yuetao (BIE Lu), shanzhizi (theory of medicinal properties), Zhizi (Tang Ben Cao), xiaozhuzi (Ben Cao Shi), huangjizi (Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine annals), huangtianzi (Mindong materia medica), huangzhizi (Jiangsu materia medica annals).

[source] it is the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides.

[plant morphology] Shanzhi (theory of medicinal properties), also known as Linlan (Xie Kangle Collection).

Evergreen shrub, 0.5-2 m high, with fine hairs on young branches. Leaves opposite or trifoliate, leathery, oblong lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, 7-14 cm long and 2-5 cm wide, apex acuminate or short acuminate, entire, smooth on both sides, base cuneate; stipules membranous, base forming a sheath. Flowers solitary in branch ends or leaf axils, large, white, very fragrant; pedicels very short, often ribbed; calyx tube ovate or obovate, upper part expanded, apex 5-6-lobed, lobes linear or linear lanceolate; corolla convoluted, goblet shaped, corolla tube narrowly cylindrical, about 3 mm long, lobes 5 or more, obovate oblong; stamens 6, inserted corolla throat, filaments very short or absent, anther line Ovary inferior 1-locular, style thick, stigma clavate. The fruit is obovate or oblong, with 5-8 wing shaped longitudinal spindles, 2.5-4.5 cm long, yellow, and persistent calyx at the top of the fruit. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruit period is from August to November.

It is often found in the warm open forest in the low mountains or on the barren slopes, beside ditches and roadsides. It is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan, etc.

The root, leaf and flower of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] in October, when the fruit is ripe and the peel is yellow, it is picked to remove the fruit stalk and impurities, and then dried or dried. Can also be put into boiling water (slightly alum) in the hot, or put into the steamer steaming half an hour, take out, dry.

[medicinal material] the dried fruit is oval or oval, 1-4.5 cm long and 0.6-2 cm thick. The surface is dark red or red yellow with 5-8 longitudinal edges. Sepals at the top, slightly pointed at the other end, with stipe mark. The pericarp is thin and crisp, the inner surface is reddish yellow, glossy, with 2-3 uplifted pseudodiaphragms, and most of the seeds in it are caked into clusters. Seeds oblate, crimson or reddish yellow, densely with small verrucous processes. Immersion in water can make the water bright yellow. Qi is weak, taste is light and acid. It is better to be small, complete, full of kernel and red inside and outside. The quality of big, brown skin, shriveled kernel, red yellow is inferior.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian; in addition, it is also produced in Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi and Henan.

[chemical constituents] it contains geniposide, pectin, tannin, saffron, crocetin, D-Mannitol, eicosane and β - sitosterol. In addition, it contains a variety of glycosides with the structure of cyclomalonyl: geniposide, geniposide-1-glucoside, geniposide-1 - β - d-gentianoside and a small amount of Geniposide.

(1) cholagogic effect

The water extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and alcohol extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis were given to rabbits orally, but the amount of bile and solid components were not affected. However, when the same preparation was injected into rabbits, the bile secretion began to increase in 15-30 minutes and lasted for more than 1 hour. After intravenous injection of saffron and saffron sodium, the amount of bile secretion increased. After oral administration of Zhizi decoction or Chongfu, gallbladder film was taken. It was proved that gallbladder had obvious contractile effect 20 and 40 minutes after administration. After ligation of the common bile duct, oral administration of Gardenia jasminoides water extract can reduce the bilirubin in blood. The more the drug is used, the more significant the reduction is (for example, oral administration once every 24 hours after ligation, the result is very obvious). Especially after continuous administration of appropriate amount of drugs, the ligation effect is the best. Alcohol extract also has the same effect, but the effect is slightly weaker than water extract. The serum bilirubin of rabbits injected with alcohol extract of mast increased slightly after 2 hours, decreased after 6 hours, and decreased significantly after 24-48 hours. Saffron and sodium crocetin also had the same effect. In rabbits with ligation of common bile duct, the bilirubin in peripheral lymph decreased 24 hours after injection of alcohol extract. Crocetin and sodium crocetin also had the same effect. Gardenia can be used for jaundice caused by biliary tract inflammation.

② Sedative and hypotensive effects

The results showed that subcutaneous injection of Gardenia liquid extract could reduce spontaneous activities, such as eye closure, head lowering, muscle relaxation, and antagonize pentylenetetrazol convulsion, but could not antagonize strychnine convulsion, but could reduce its mortality. Also useful to eliminate insomnia and fatigue. Zhizi Decoction and alcohol extract have persistent hypotensive effect on anesthetized or non anesthetized cats, rats and rabbits, no matter oral or intraperitoneal injection. The blood pressure is rapid and maintained for a short time, and its hypotensive site seems to be in the parasympathetic center of the medulla oblongata.

③ Anti microbial effect

Gardenia aqueous solution has inhibitory effect on many kinds of fungi, such as tinea luteum, Epidermophyton inguinalis, Epidermophyton rubrum, etc. in the test arm. Its water decoction 15 mg / ml can kill Leptospira. In vitro, gardenia decoction can stop the activity of Schistosoma, but it has no inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria.

④ Other functions

Gardenia jasminoides alcohol extract can excite the isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits and rats at low concentration and inhibit it at high concentration. The extract of Geniposide can accelerate the healing of soft tissue.

[toxicity] the median lethal dose of acute intraperitoneal injection was 27.45 g / kg, and that of subcutaneous injection was 31.79 g / kg.

[processing] raw Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: sift the ash, pick up the impurities, crush and sift; or cut off both ends. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: take the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, cut it from the middle with scissors, peel off the skin and take the kernel. Mountain mast skin: the exocarp peeled from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Stir fry Gardenia: take the crushed gardenia, put it in the pot, stir fry it gently until golden yellow, take it out and let it cool. Jiaozhizi: take the crushed gardenia, put it in the pot and stir fry it with fire until it is burnt. Take it out and let it cool. Gardenia charcoal: take the crushed gardenia, put it in the pot, stir fry it with fire until dark brown, but keep it, take it out and let it cool.

"Lei Gong's treatise on the processing of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis" says, "if you want to make Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, you should first remove the skin and whiskers, take people, soak them in licorice water for one night, percolate them out, bake them, and pound them as if they were red gold powder. "

Bitter, cold.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and cold. "

② Bielu: "cold, nontoxic. "

③ Yilin zuanyao: "bitter, sour, cold. "

[meridian tropism] entering the heart, liver, lung and stomach meridians.

① Tangye materia medica: "start with Taiyin classic. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": six meridians of heart, lung, intestine, stomach and bladder. "

③ "Drug Huayi": "into the lung, stomach, liver, gallbladder, Sanjiao, cellular six channels. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat, purging fire and cooling blood. It is used to treat fever, insomnia, jaundice, gonorrhea, thirst, red eyes, sore throat, hematemesis, bleeding, dysentery, hematuria, fever, sore, sprain, swelling and pain.

① "Ben Jing" says: "it governs evil Qi in the five internal organs, heat Qi in the stomach, red face, wine blister, nose, white scab, red scab, sores and ulcers. "

② "Resolving the poison of Rhododendron molle" in the book of Materia Medica. "

③ Bielu: "it is also painful to treat eye heat, great heat in chest, heart and intestines, depression in heart and heat in stomach. "

④ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "it can kill insects and poisons, remove heat and toxic wind, benefit five kinds of gonorrhea, control the middle evil, relieve urination, relieve five kinds of yellow diseases, improve eyesight, eliminate heat and thirst, dry mouth, red eyes, swelling and pain. "

⑤ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "master? Dumb, purpura, jaundice, impatient.". "

⑥ Qiyuan of Medicine: "to treat the heat of the heart meridian, we should remove irritability, remove the deficiency heat of Shangjiao, and treat the wind. "

⑦ "Medicine FA Xiang" says: "it is not good to cure heart trouble and chagrin, but not to sleep, heart and mind are reversed and desire is lost, blood stagnation and urination are unfavorable. "

⑧ Zhu Zhenheng: "purging the three jiao fire, clearing the blood in the stomach, treating febrile convulsion and heartache, relieving heat depression and promoting Qi accumulation. "

⑧ "The compendium of Medical Sciences:" it is used to treat hematemesis, bleeding, dysentery, lower blood, blood drenching, injury and blood stasis, typhoid fever, fatigue, febrile convulsion, headache, hernia, soup fire injury. "

⑩ "The preparation of Materia Medica" says: "raw with purging fire, fried black to stop bleeding, ginger juice fried to cure nausea, internal heat with benevolence, external heat with skin. "

(11) the manual of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine of Guangzhou Army: "clearing away heat and toxin, cooling blood and purging fire. It can treat jaundice hepatitis, broad bean yellow, cold, high fever, bacillary dysentery, nephritis, edema, epistaxis, sore mouth and tongue, mastitis, sore swelling and poison. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 2-4 Qian; or into pills, powder. External use: grind and apply.

[should avoid] those with spleen deficiency and loose stool should not take it.

① "Materia medica Huiyan": "vomiting and bleeding are not taboo for those with Yang fire. "

② "To match the materia medica": "evil in the table, the rise of virtual fire, both banned. "

[selected formula] 1. To treat typhoid fever, sweating and vomiting. After the next, Xu fan can not sleep, heart chagrin?: Gardenia 14 (section), Xiangchi four (Mianbao). On the two flavors, four liters of water, first boil the cabinet to get two and a half liters, Na Chi, boil one and a half liters, to dross, divided into two services. Warm into a service, have to vomit after the service. (zhizichi Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)

② For the treatment of severe typhoid fever, three pieces of Fructus aurantii Immaturus (fried), fourteen pieces of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (dissected), and one liter of black bean (wrapped in cotton). For the first three flavors, take seven liters of clear water, four liters of empty water, two liters of Fructus aurantii Immaturus and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, add black beans, boil for five or six times, remove the dross, and then take it at a warm temperature, making it slightly sweat like. If there is a host, there are five or six pieces of Rhubarb in it. (Zhishi zhizichi Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)

③ Treatment of typhoid fever with yellow body: 15 cases of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Chinese PinYin : Zhi Zi