Motherwort

Chinese name motherwort

[category] whole grass

[synonyms] fan (the book of songs), Peng (Erya), Yimu, Pengwei, Yiming, Dazha (Ben Jing), chouwu (notes to Liu Xin in Erya), Zhenwei (BIE Lu), kuxiaocao (qianjinfang), yuxiangcao (the collection of Materia Medica), Xiakucao (Prunella vulgaris), earthy sweat (Jin Xiao Fang), yetianma (Gastrodia elata), HuoMei (HuoMei), Danfen (Jing Xiao ChanBao), spicy rattan (Lvyan materia medica), yuchou Miao, Zhuma, yimuai, bagufeng, honghuaai, kuncao and Kucao. Herba vallisneri, Herba sesamurensis, Herba xiaoshucao, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Scopariae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae. Yourakai, yeyouma (Hunan medical records).

[source] it is the whole plant of Leonurus heterophylla.

[plant morphology] Leonurus japonicus

Herbs annual or biennial. Stem erect, square, simple or branched, 60 cm to 1 m tall, pubescent. Leaves opposite; various leaf shapes, annual root leaves with long stalks, leaf slightly round, 4-8 cm in diameter, leaf margin 5-9-lobed, each lobe with 2-3 obtuse teeth, base heart-shaped; leaves in the middle of stem have short stalks, 3-lobed, lobes nearly lanceolate, central lobes often 3-lobed, lobes on both sides often 1-2-lobed, final lobes nearly linear, apex acuminate, margin sparsely serrated or nearly entire; the uppermost part of stem has short stalks Leaves undivided, linear, subsessile, green above and light green below, pubescent on both sides. The flower is numerous, born in leaf axils, presenting a ring umbrella shape; bracts are needlelike; calyx is bell shaped, with 5 long sharp teeth at the apex, 2 pieces below are longer than 3 pieces above; corolla is lip shaped, light red or purplish red, 9-12mm long, upper and lower lips are several equal length, upper lip is oblong, entire, lower lip is 3-lobed, central lobe is larger, inverted heart-shaped, corolla is covered with villi, especially the upper lip; stamens are 4, 2-strong, bearing Ovary 4-lobed, style almost as long as upper lip of corolla, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets brown, trigonous, ca. 2 mm long. The flowering period is from June to August. The fruit period is from July to September.

Born in the wilderness, ridges, grasslands, streams and other places. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

The flowers (motherwort flowers) and fruits (Fructus Paeoniae) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] when the flowers are not fully open in summer, the aboveground parts should be cut and dried. When the flower is in full bloom or the fruit is ripe, the quality is inferior.

[medicinal material] the dried whole grass is yellow green, with square and straight stems, many branches at the upper end, longitudinal grooves, dense hairs, and more dense edges and nodes. It is light and tough with white pith in the center of cross section. The leaves are opposite to each other on the node, with sparse serrations on the edge, dark green on the top and light color on the back, with fine hairs on both sides; they are mostly shrunken and broken; they are thin and brittle. Some in the leaf axils visible purplish red wrinkled florets; or a few nuts. It has the air of green grass and tastes sweet and slightly bitter. It is better to have thin stem, tender quality, green color and no impurity.

It is produced in most parts of the country.

The following plants of the same genus are also used as motherwort.

① Leonurus japonicus

Corolla white, others the same as the former.

Produced in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.

② Leonurus tenuifolia

The uppermost leaf is 3-cleft or deeply cleft, the Corolla is larger, 18-23 mm long, the lower lip is shorter than the upper lip, and the long villi outside the corolla are denser. Produced in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi.

③ Motherwort of Turkey

The leaves of inflorescence are oblong rhombic, 3-lobed; the top of inflorescence is densely hairy, the bracts and calyx tube are tightly hairy, the flowers are light red, 9-10 mm long, and the upper lip is densely covered with gray white villous. Nutlets apically covered with white pubescence. It is produced in Xinjiang.

The young plant of Leonurus japonicus is called child Leonurus japonicus, which has the same function.

[chemical constituents] Leonurus tenuifolia contains various alkaloids such as leonitine, stachydrine, leonodine, Leonuri Ning, benzoic acid, potassium chloride, lauric acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, sterol, vitamin A, rutin and other flavonoids. It also contains arginine, 4-guanidine-1-butanol, 4-guanidine-butyric acid and stachyose.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on uterus

It has been proved in early years that Leonurus preparation has direct excitatory effect on isolated uterus of rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs, which is similar to pituitrin, but its effect is weak. Later pharmacological studies confirmed this theory. The water extract or ethanol extract of Leonurus heterophyllus has been proved to have excitatory effect not only in the isolated uterus, but also in the uterus in situ (intravenous injection) and uterine fistula (intragastric administration). The amplitude, contraction rate and tension of the uterus are increased in both pregnant and non pregnant women. It lasts for quite a long time. The efficacy of Leonurus heterophyllus tincture seems to be inferior to that of decoction. The effect of decocting for 8 hours or storing at room temperature for 2 weeks did not decrease significantly. The effective components are in the leaves, but the stem has no contractile effect on the uterus, and the root has poor effect. The collection should be carried out in May when the leaves are flourishing. Motherwort also has some components (dissolved in ether) to inhibit the uterus. The motherwort alkaloid can excite the uterus in vitro, but not in situ. It has also been reported that the effect of crude motherwort alkaloid on isolated uterus and uterine fistula test is not obvious. The alkaloids extracted by STAS Otto method had contractile effect on isolated uterus. It is reported that the intravenous injection of 2.5-5 mg / kg leonitine a extracted from Beijing into anesthetized cats can excite the uterus, increase the uterine tension and depress the blood pressure, and obviously excite the isolated uterus of cats and guinea pigs. However, the alkaloid extracted from seeds had no significant effect. The total alkaloids of Leonurus japonicus extracted from Sichuan Province had contractile effect on isolated guinea pig uterus, and its action type was similar to ergonoxine. The potency of 3 mg total alkaloids of Leonurus japonicus was equivalent to 0.04 mg ergonoxine maleate. However, the effect on eutopic uterus has not been reported. In conclusion, the water-soluble components of Leonurus japonicus have excitatory effects on the uterus of in vitro, in situ and whole non anesthetized animals, but its effective alkaloids remain to be determined.

② Effect on circulatory system

The decoction of water extract of Leonurus japonicus, water extract or alcohol water extract of Leonurus japonicus, leonitine, leonitine a, total alkaloid of Leonurus japonicus and flower all have antihypertensive effect on anesthetized animals, but the duration is short. Motherwort also has some components that can cause blood pressure rise (dissolved in ether, showing inhibitory effect on uterus); however, motherwort alkaloid made in our laboratory has no effect on uterus and blood pressure of anesthetized cats, but can reduce or even reverse the pressor effect of epinephrine. The results showed that the ethanol preparation of Leonurus heterophyllus had mild excitatory effect on the rabbit heart in situ, and mild inhibitory effect on the isolated rabbit heart, followed by mild excitatory effect. For isolated frog heart, motherwort alkaloid is a small amount of excitation, a large amount of inhibition; stachydrine can slow down the contraction rate of frog heart. Vasoconstriction was observed in the hind limbs of Bufo gargarizans and in the ears, kidneys and intestines of rabbits, but the effect was weaker. Sometimes the outflow increased in the ears of rabbits. Its antihypertensive effect is not affected by vagotomy, but can be significantly weakened by prior injection of atropine. In addition, it has anti epinephrine effect.

③ Other functions

Motherwort alkaloid has been reported to excite the respiratory center. The alkaloids can inhibit the central nervous system of frog, and the flower decoction can improve the peristalsis of large and small intestines.

Motherwort has curare like effect on neuromuscular specimens. Intravenous injection of motherwort can increase urine volume in anesthetized rabbits. High concentration of motherwort can cause hemolysis. The water extract of Leonurus heterophyllus (1:4) can inhibit the growth of skin fungi in vitro.

[toxicity] motherwort has low toxicity. Although pregnant rabbits were fed with Leonurus extract, it caused abortion, but had no effect on body temperature, respiration, heart rate, and no other toxic phenomenon. The total alkaloids of Leonurus japonicus were injected subcutaneously 30 mg / kg every day for 2 weeks without any effect on food intake, defecation and body weight; the median lethal dose of intravenous injection in mice was 572.2 ± 37.2 mg / kg. Because of its low toxicity and less effective than ergot, the dosage of ergot can be increased appropriately in clinical application. The results showed that the poisoning phenomenon could occur within 4-6 hours if the dosage was more than 30g. For example, the whole body was weak, the lower limbs could not move, the whole body was sore, and the chest was stuffy; for the severe cases, there was sweating and collapse.

[processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

It's hard work and cool.

① Materia medica: cold. "

② "Materia medica Mong" says: "it tastes sweet and pungent, and its gas is slightly warm and non-toxic. "

③ Compendium: "it tastes pungent, slightly bitter and non-toxic. "

④ Ben Cao Zheng: "the taste is slightly bitter and pungent. Mild cold, slippery. "

[meridian tropism] into pericardium and liver meridian.

① "The hand and foot Jueyin classic" is the essence of Chinese medicine. "

② "Drug Huayi": entering the liver, spleen and enveloping the three meridians. "

③ New materia medica: "entering the heart, spleen and kidney. "

Functions and indications: promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating menstruation and eliminating water. It is used to treat irregular menstruation, fetal leakage, dystocia, persistent afterbirth, postpartum hematuria, blood stasis, abdominal pain, bleeding in collapse, urination, diarrhea, carbuncle, swelling and sore.

① Ben Jing: "the main addiction rash itching. "

② Tang materia medica: "apply Dingzhong, take juice to eliminate Dingzhong poison; then die in the abdomen, the main post parturient swelling; miscellaneous poison swelling, danyou swelling; take juice such as beans, drop in the ear, the main ear; in the cobra venom, apply it. "

③ In the collection of Materia Medica, it is said that "when you pound the seedlings, you can apply them to those who suffer from the swelling and pain of the breast carbuncle; when you pound the seedlings, you can wring the juice to take them, and they are mainly swollen and in the water,

Chinese PinYin : Yi Mu Cao