Convolvulus

Convolvulus

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Jue, Lei Geng (Erya), Dai Shen (Ben Jing), Fei Tian Rui (Hou Ning Ji's Yao PU), Qian Qian Hua (Ben Cao Tu Jing), ye You Hua (Xiao Er Wei Wei Lun Fang), Di Di Di Jin, Xia Ju (Gang Mu), Qian Qian Qian Ju (Hua Shi), AI Ju, dieluo Huang (Qunfang PU), man Tian Xing (Lingnan Cai Yao Lu), Jun Ju (Tieling county annals), Huang Shu Flower (Nanjing folk herb), water sunflower, marigold (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), compound flower (Xinjiang herbal medicine), small yellow flower (Hebei herbal medicine), cat ear flower, donkey ear flower (Shandong herbal medicine), golden boiling flower, Fu flower, Quanfu flower (Shanghai common Chinese herbal medicine).

[source] it is the head inflorescence of Convolvulus, Convolvulus linearis or Convolvulus macroflorus.

[plant morphology] 1. Convolvulus, also known as ass grass and Venetian grass.

Perennial herbs, 30-80 cm high. Stems longitudinally ribbed, green or purplish red. Leaves alternate, elliptic, elliptic lanceolate or narrowly long elliptic, 6-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, apex pointed, base slightly narrow, sometimes auricular, semiamplexicaul, entire or serrate, upper green, sparsely hispid, lower light green, densely hispid. Inflorescence few or many, terminal, corymbose arrangement, diameter 3-4 cm; peduncle white hair: near inflorescence usually 1 lanceolate bract, pilose; involucre semicircular, 8-10 mm long, diameter 1-1.8 cm, involucre several layers, outer layer lanceolate, inner layer linear lanceolate or linear, dry membranous, outer layer hairy or only ciliate; receptacle slightly convex; ligulate flower 1-layered, yellow, female, corolla apex 3-lobed, base slightly connected on both sides, tubular, pistil 1, ovary inferior, angulate, covered with white short bristles, style linear, stigma 2-lobed; tubular flowers bisexual, located in the center of inflorescence. Corolla apex 5-toothed, lobes ovate triangular, stamens 5-anther, filaments separated and short, pistil 1, style linear, stigma 2-lobed. Achene long elliptic, covered with white bristles, corolla white. The flowering period is from July to October. The fruit period is from August to November.

It grows on hillside, roadside, field or water wetland. It is distributed in Northeast, North China, northwest and East China.

② Convolvulus linearis

Herbs perennial, 30-60 cm high, all subglabrous or sparsely pilose. Leaves alternate, linear lanceolate, remnant linear, 6-12 cm long and 6-12 mm wide, apex pointed, base slightly clasped, margin retrovolved, light green below, sparsely pilose. The inflorescence is terminal, with many branches, arranged in corymbose shape, 1.5-2 cm in diameter; bracts are lanceolate; involucre is semicircular, involucre has 3 layers, outer layer is lanceolate, inner surface has 2 layers, linear lanceolate or linear, smooth or slightly ciliated; ligulate flower has 1 layer, yellow, corolla apex 3-lobed, lower part connected into tube, pistil 1; tubular flower apex 5-toothed, stamen 5, pistil 1. Achene elliptic, apex pedate, angulate, covered with white sparsely setose, corolla white. The flowering period is from June to September. The fruit period is from July to October.

Growing on hillsides, roadsides or fields. It is distributed in Northeast, North and East China.

③ Large flower Convolvulus, also known as: hair Convolvulus.

Perennial herbs, 20-60 cm high, all densely covered with fine hairs and white woolly hairs. The leaves are alternate, elliptic or ovate lanceolate, 4-10 cm long. 5-2. 5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cordate, amplexicaul, entire or serrate, densely strigose below. Capitate inflorescence few, terminal, arranged in corymbose shape, inflorescence diameter 3-5cm: peduncle densely covered with white wool or fine hair; bract lanceolate, coat: involucre semicircular, diameter 13-22mm, involucre 4 layers, outer layer linear lanceolate, inner layer linear, outer layer densely covered with white fine hair or fine hair; ligulate flower 1 layer, corolla apex 3 teeth split, base connected into tubular, pistil 1: tube Flowers 5-lobed, lobes triangular ovate, stamens 5, pistils 1. Achenes oblong elliptic, ribbed, covered with white bristles and white corolla. The flowering period is from July to October. The fruit period is from August to November.

It grows beside streams or in the mountains. Distributed in Northeast, North China and Xinjiang, Qinghai and other places.

The roots of the above three plants (Convolvulus root) and the whole herb (chrysanthus officinalis) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the inflorescences that are about to open are picked in summer and autumn and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried head is oblate, sometimes scattered, with a diameter of 8-15 mm (linear compound flower is smaller, 4-10 mm). There are 4 layers (3 layers) of light gray green, membranous involucre bracts at the bottom, and sometimes residual pedicels. The outer edge of the flower is 1 layer of ligulate, yellow, about 1 cm long, apex 3-toothed, more curly; the central tubular flower is dense, corolla 5-toothed, there are many white hairs on the top of ovary, about 5 mm long (linear compound flower is about 3 mm long), soft, easy to loose. Weak Qi, slightly bitter and salty taste. It is better to have big, golden yellow, white villi and no branches.

It is mainly produced in Henan, Jiangsu, Hebei, Zhejiang, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places.

In addition to the above varieties, the flower heads of other species of Convolvulus are used as Convolvulus in some areas. For example, in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi, Convolvulus dentatum is used. Its dry inflorescence is slightly spherical with a diameter of 7-12 mm. Involucre grayish green, covered with white hairs. Ligulate flower 1 layer, yellow or light brown, sometimes falling off; tubular flower dense center, most of the corona on ovary degenerated, leaving scaly residue, hard. In some areas of Yunnan and Guizhou, it is used as "shuichaoyang flower" (see "shuichaoyang" strip). The diameter of its dry inflorescence is 8-14 mm. There are 15-20 hairs on ovary, about 3 mm long. In some areas of Hubei and Guizhou, Hubei Chaoyang flower is used. Its dry inflorescence is slightly hemispherical and not easy to scatter. Its diameter is 1-2 cm. Involucre yellowish green or green, covered with white short hairs. Ligulate flower 1 layer, slender, up to 2 cm long, yellow or light brown; central tubular flower, 5-10 crown hairs, about 2 mm long.

[chemical constituents] there are sesquiterpene lactones in the aerial part of Convolvulus japonicus at flowering stage. Flowers contain quercetin, isoquercetin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, inulin, taraxasterol and other sterols.

[pharmacological action] the fat soluble and ether soluble parts of the roots and aerial parts of Convolvulus japonicus have antibacterial effect, but no significant diuretic effect.

Chlorogenic acid is a condensation product of caffeic acid and quinic acid. It is blue when it meets iron. It is similar to tannin. It was once called "caffeic tannin", but different from tannin, it does not precipitate protein, so it has no astringent effect. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid have extensive antibacterial activities, but they can be inactivated by protein in vivo. Similar to caffeine, chlorogenic acid can improve the central excitability of rats by oral or intraperitoneal injection. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid can increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid in human stomach and slow down the pulse, while quinic acid can not. Chlorogenic acid can significantly increase the peristalsis of small intestine in rats and mice. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and quinic acid can enhance the tension of uterus in rats. This effect can be cancelled by papaverine, but atropine can't. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid can also enhance the bile secretion of rats. Chlorogenic acid can enhance the effect of epinephrine on isolated rabbit ileum, but has no effect on the effect of epinephrine on increasing blood glucose and preventing egg white induced foot and ankle edema in rats. Chlorogenic acid has a sensitizing effect on people. After inhaling the dust of plants containing chlorogenic acid (such as in a coffee factory), asthma and dermatitis can occur. However, after ingestion, it can become non sensitizing substance through the effect of small intestinal secretion. Therefore, it is better to use intradermal method rather than oral method when testing allergens. Caffeic acid can also inactivate thiamine (vitamin B1). The toxicity of chlorogenic acid was very small. The LD50 of young rats was more than 1 g / kg by oral administration and more than 0.25 g / kg by intraperitoneal injection.

Inularoyleana, a plant of the same genus, contains alkaloids, which can inhibit respiration, reduce blood pressure, relax smooth muscle, and has curare like effect, but has no antibacterial effect

[processing] Convolvulus: picking up impurities, removing stems and leaves, screening soil. Stir fried Convolvulus with honey: remove Convolvulus, add a little honey and boiling water, mix well, simmer slightly, stir fry gently until it is yellow and not sticky, take out and cool thoroughly. (100kg of Convolvulus, 25kg of honey)

[flavor] salty, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes salty and warm. "

② "On medicinal properties": "sweet taste, non-toxic. "

③ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "the taste is sweet, bitter and pungent. "

[channel tropism] entering lung, liver and stomach channels.

① "Compendium": "hand Taiyin, Yangming. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": it enters the four channels of lung, liver, large intestine and bladder. "

③ New edition of materia medica: "into the heart, liver, large intestine. "

[function indications] it can eliminate phlegm, lower Qi, soften and firm, and move water. Treatment of chest phlegm, hypochondriac fullness, cough and asthma, hiccup, saliva such as paint, heart under the ruffian, EEE gas is not removed, abdominal edema.

① Ben Jing: "the main Qi, full of hypochondriac, palpitation. In addition to water, to five internal organs between cold and heat, Buzhong, Xiaqi. "

② Bielu: "eliminate phlegm on the chest, spit like lacquer, phlegm on the side of the heart, drink in the bladder, dampness and dampness, dead flesh in the skin, scorn in the eyes, benefit the large intestine, dredge the blood vessels, and improve the color. "

③ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "it is mainly used to control the Qi in the ribs and hypochondriac regions, lower the cold and heat edema, and to treat the stagnant water in the bladder, expel the abdominal cavity, stimulate the stomach, stop vomiting and not eat. "

④ "The blood is flowing, the head of Chinese medicine" and "the blood is flowing, the head of Chinese medicine". "

⑤ "Tang Ye Ben Cao": "after sweating and vomiting, the heart will be distraught and the eerie Qi will not be removed. "

⑥ "Diannan Materia Medica": "dispel the wind and cold evil of the leader, stop the headache of Taiyang and Yangming, and stop the milk of Yangming

Chinese PinYin : Xuan Fu Hua