Rhynchophylla

Rhynchophylla

(primordial materia medica)

[synonym] diaotang (herbal Classic), diaotang (Tao Hongjing), Gouteng (children's medicine syndrome formula), diaogou (South Yunnan materia medica), yingzhaofeng (caomuben prescription), nengougou (yinpianxinshen), jinggouteng (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), Gouteng (Pharmacology), Gouding (Shaanxi traditional Chinese medicine annals), upside down Jingou and gouer (Hunan medicine annals).

[source] it is the hooked branches of Uncaria or sinouncaria of Rubiaceae and other plants of the same genus.

[plant morphology] 1. Uncaria rhynchophylla

Liana woody, evergreen, 1-3 m high. Branchlets tetragonal, smooth, metamorphosed branches hooked, paired or solitary in leaf axils, hook 1-2 cm long, curved downward. Leaves opposite; papery, ovate lanceolate or elliptic, 6-11 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base tapered or rounded, entire, glabrous above, short hairs in axils below; petiole 0.8-1.2 cm long; stipules 2-lobed, lobes linear conic, 0.6-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence 2 cm in diameter; pedicel 3-5 cm in length; calyx 2 mm in length, lower tubular, apex 5-lobed, lobes less than 1 mm in length; corolla yellow, tubular, ca. 7 mm in length, apex 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular, outside powdery pilose, throat pubescent; stamen 5, born in the throat of corolla tube, anther base auricular, apex pointed, filaments very short: under ovary Style linear, extending beyond corolla tube, stigma capitate. Capsule obovate elliptic, 5-6 mm long, sparsely pilose. Seeds several, small, winged at both ends. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruit period is from October to November.

It grows under the sparse forests in valleys and streams. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places.

The roots of this plant (Uncaria) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Uncaria chinensis

Woody vines, up to 3 m high. Branchlets tetragonal, all smooth glabrous; hooked near leaf axillary, ca. 1.5 cm long. Leaves opposite; leaf blade ovate or ovate elliptic, 10-17 cm long, 5.5-9.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base rounded, entire, both glabrous; petiole about 1 cm long; stipules membranous, rounded, entire, reflexive, 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence 4 cm in diameter; peduncle 5-8 cm long, glabrous; calyx tubular, apex 5-lobed, lobes oblong or ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, densely covered with small gray hairs; corolla tubular, 1.2-1.5 cm long, apex 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular; stamen 5, born at the throat of corolla tube, filament shorter than anther; ovary inferior, style linear, extending out of corolla tube, style shorter than anther Head shape. Capsule clavate, 0.8-1.2 cm long, covered with appressed villi. The seeds are small and winged at both ends. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruit period is from October to November.

Born in the valley forest. It is distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

[collection] in spring and autumn, the young shoots with hooks were harvested, and the vine stems without hooks were cut off and dried in the sun, or steamed in a pot and then dried in the sun.

(1) Uncaria rhynchophylla

It is a dry stem branch with hook, which is about 2 cm long and 2 mm in diameter. Its surface is reddish brown or tan. One end has a ring-shaped stem node, which is slightly protruding. There are two opposite hooks on the node, which are shaped like a boat anchor. The tip curls inward. There are also single hooks with different sizes. The base is slightly round, 2-3 mm in diameter. All of them are smooth and slightly longitudinal texture can be seen. It is light and hard, not easy to break. The outer layer of the section is brownish red, and the pulp is light yellow and loose, like sponge. There is no breath, and the taste is light. It is better to have double hook shape, such as anchor shape, thin stem, strong hook, smooth, reddish brown or purple brown.

It is mainly produced in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Guangdong.

② Uncaria chinensis

Its characters are similar to those of Uncaria rhynchophylla. However, the stem branches are square columnar, about 2-3 mm in diameter, with grayish brown surface and slightly broad hook base.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hubei.

There are also a variety of plants of the same genus with hooked stems and branches, which are also used as Uncaria

① Uncaria lanceolate, branches narrowly winged; hook smooth. ② Uncaria like, hook smooth, stipule lobes narrowly triangular. ③ Uncaria macrophylla, see "Uncaria macrophylla". ④ The branches, hooks and leaves of Uncaria tomentosa are coarsely hairy. ⑤ Uncaria sessiliforme, corolla glabrous, lobes densely sericeous, branches and hooks sparsely hairy. ⑥ Climbing stem uncaria, branches, hooks densely pilose, leaves under the long pilose.

[chemical constituents] the branches and leaves of uncinate stem contain rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, konosinine, isokonosinine, conanin, dihydroconanin, sclerophylline and sclerophylline.

(1) sedative effect

Gouteng Decoction 0.1 g / kg intraperitoneal injection in mice can produce obvious sedative effect, but no obvious hypnotic effect. The hypnotic and anesthetic effects of pentobarbital sodium can not be enhanced when the dosage is increased by 25 times. Even if the dosage is increased by 50-100 times, the righting reflex can not disappear and the movement disorder will not be caused. It seems to be different from the existing hypnotics and sedatives. The results also showed that Gouteng Decoction (1 g / kg) could reduce the excitability of cerebral cortex by intraperitoneal injection. It could destroy the positive conditioned reflex of some rats and prolong the duration of conditioned reflex, and had no significant effect on the inhibition of differentiation and unconditioned reflex. It is also proved that the method of sokutov's hind limb flexion reflex can reduce the excitability of the central nervous system and weaken its impulse summation ability.

In the treatment of experimental epilepsy in guinea pigs, 3-8 days after using Uncaria ethanol extract, the occurrence of epileptic reaction can be stopped, and the state before treatment can be restored 3 days after drug withdrawal. The effective dose is very close to the toxic dose, so the animals are weak and lose weight during the treatment. It has a certain inhibitory effect on the increased excitability of the central motor analyzer. Rhynchophylline is an indole derivative, so it may have a specific effect on the spirit. Some people have compared it with yohimbine and reserpine in general pharmacological tests, and think that they are different (for example, in frogs and rats, reserpine causes sedation, yohimbine causes spasm, rhynchophylline causes motor paralysis and respiratory depression).

② Antihypertensive effect

Gouteng Decoction has antihypertensive effect on anesthetized dogs (0.05 g / kg), immunized dogs (2-3 g / kg) and experimental rats (5 g / kg / day, orally). The antihypertensive effect of Gouteng Decoction is similar to that of verapamil in rabbits with reflex hypertension caused by cervical resection of bilateral decompression nerve and sinus nerve. Too long or not enough decocting time (preferably within 15 minutes) will affect the antihypertensive effect. Hook and stem branch (single hook, double hook and its adjacent thin stem branch) had better antihypertensive effect, while old branch (without hook, 0.5-2 cm in diameter) had poor antihypertensive effect. In the analysis of the antihypertensive principle of Gouteng Decoction, it was found that the antihypertensive effect was not affected by atropine, but decreased significantly after the removal of cervical vagus nerve. There was no significant inhibition on isolated toad heart. It is suggested that the hypotension is caused by reflexive inhibition of vasomotor center (through vagus nerve afferent fibers) and high dose of vasodilator directly. Rhynchophylline hydrochloride 20 mg / kg intravenously injected into anesthetized cats, or 20-50 mg / kg orally or intraperitoneally injected into renovascular hypertensive rats, can significantly reduce blood pressure. The effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla total alkaloids is similar to that of total alkaloids or decoctions. Rhynchophylline also has antihypertensive effect on other animals, but it lasts for a short time, which is far worse than reserpine. In addition, rhynchophylline can inhibit the isolated intestine and excite the isolated uterus.

[toxicity] the median lethal dose of a single intraperitoneal injection in mice was 29.0 ± 0.8 g / kg for Gouteng Decoction, 144.2 ± 3.1 mg / kg for total alkaloids, 162.3 mg / kg for rhynchophylline, and 514.6 ± 29.1 mg / kg for total alkaloids. In terms of subacute toxicity, the rabbits were given Gouteng Decoction by gavage twice a day, 5 g / kg each time (2.5 times larger than the treatment dose), for 10 days without toxic symptoms. Total alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla (50 mg / kg) did not cause pathological changes of viscera in rats after 14 days of continuous administration; the dosage doubled, although there was mild inflammatory changes in liver, it returned to normal after withdrawal; there was no effect on diet, body weight and appearance behavior.

[processing] remove old stalks and impurities, wash them and dry them in the sun.

Sweet and cool.

① Bielu: "slightly cold. "

② "On medicinal properties": "it tastes sweet and flat. "

③ Shu materia medica: "it tastes bitter. "

[Guijing] into the liver and heart channels.

① "Gangmu": hand and foot Jueyin. "

② "Hand Shaoyin, foot Jueyin" is the main channel in the classic of Materia Medica. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat and calming liver, calming wind and calming shock. It is used to treat children's convulsion, adults' high blood pressure, dizziness, dizziness and women's eclampsia.

① Bielu: "it is mainly about children's cold and heat, convulsion and epilepsy. "

② "Theory of medicinal properties" says: "it's mainly about children's convulsion and crying, and heat accumulation. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica" says: "to cure the foetus wind. "

④ "Compendium": "big head spin dizziness, calm liver wind, in addition to heart heat, children fishing abdominal pain, hair rash. "

⑤ "Materia medica Zheng Yao": "Shujin chuxuan, Xiaqi Kuanzhong. "

⑥ "Ben Cao Shu": "it is used to treat apoplexy, paralysis, mouth and eye deviation, pain in walking and injection of hands and feet, and acute contracture of limb joints. He also treated the patients with gout and paralysis in a long time, whose tendons and veins were tight and painful. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: Decoction (not long), 1.5-3 yuan; or powder.

[to avoid]

Chinese PinYin : Gou Teng