Bear gall

Bear gall

(on medicinal properties)

[source] the gallbladders of black bear or brown bear.

[animal morphology] ① black bear (compendium), also known as bear (Book of songs), pig bear (Erya wing), bear (Guangdong new language), black blind man, dengcang, dog camel.

The body length is 1.5-1.7 m, the tail length is 10-16 cm, and the body weight is 130-250 kg. The body is fat, the head is wide, the snout is slightly short, the ear is large and round, covered with long hair, and the neck hair is especially long. The results showed that: the four limbs were stout; the five toes had claws, and the forefoot claws were longer than the hind paws; the forefoot wrist pad was connected with the palm pad, and there were short brown hairs between them; the hindfoot plantar pad was thick, and there was no talar hair on the inside. The whole body is covered with black hair, the hair base is gray black, the hair tip is black, and the hair is gray black. The facial hair is nearly brown yellow, and the chin is white. There is a crescent white spot on the chest.

It lives in the forest and has the habit of sleeping in winter. More daytime activities, can walk upright, good at climbing trees and swimming, live alone. It is distributed in most parts of China, especially in Northeast and North China.

② Brown bear, also known as "Pi" (the book of songs), "Huang Xiong" (Lu Ji's book of songs), "Pi" (Erya's Guo Pu notes), "Ma Xiong" (Erya's wings), "Ren Xiong" (compendium).

He is big, about 2 meters long, 1 meter high and weighs about 200 kg. The head is round and wide, the snout is long, the nose is wide, the ears are big, and the shoulders are raised. The forepaw is longer than the hind paw, and the pad on the wrist of the forefoot is smaller than that on the hind paw. The tail is short. The body is brownish black, the head is light and slightly brown; the fur on the abdomen is darker than that on the back; the limbs are black; some cubs have a white ring extending from the chest to the nape.

The living habits are similar to those of the above species. It is distributed in Northeast, North China, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu and other places.

The paws (bear paws), meat (bear meat), tendons (bear tendons), bones (bear bones), brains (bear brains) and fats (bear fat) of the above two animals are also used for medicine. See the special regulations for each.

[collection] it is generally captured in winter. After capture, the gall bladder is taken by laparotomy. When cutting, the gall bladder mouth is tied tightly. After cutting, the grease attached to the gall bladder is carefully stripped. It is flattened with a wooden board and hung in a ventilated place to dry in the shade, or put in a lime jar to dry. It is not suitable to dry in the sun or dry to prevent odor.

[herbal medicine] the dried gallbladder is oblate and oval in shape, with narrow upper part and enlarged lower part, 10-20 cm in length and 5-8 cm in width. The surface is grayish black or brownish black, glossy, wrinkled, thin and translucent. The material is hard and the section is fibrous after breaking. The capsule contains dry bile, commonly known as "Danren", in the form of block, granule, powder or thick paste. Golden yellow, transparent and bright, such as amber, is often called "golden gall" or "copper gall" for its crispness, bitterness and sweetness; black, hard and brittle, or thick paste like, is often called "ink gall" or "iron gall"; yellow green, poor brightness, and crispness are also commonly called "cauliflower gall". Slightly fragrant or slightly fishy, melting in the mouth, extremely bitter taste, cool but not sticky teeth. The best is Geda, Danren, golden yellow, bright, bitter and sweet.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Jilin. In addition, it is also produced in Guizhou, Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi and Fujian. The quality of Yundan produced in Yunnan was the best, and Dongdan produced in Heilongjiang and Jilin was the highest.

[chemical constituents] it mainly contains alkali metal salts of bile acids, cholesterols and cholepigments. About 20% tauroursodeoxycholic acid can be obtained from black bear gall, which is the main component of bear gall. Bear gall also contains a small amount of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid is a stereoisomer of herodeoxycholic acid. It is a special component of bear gall and can be distinguished from other animal galls.

(1) antispasmodic effect

The antispasmodic effect of bear gall, wild bear gall and wild boar gall from 8 areas was studied by using isolated intestine of mice and spasm caused by acetylcholine. The antispasmodic effect of Tibetan bear gall was the strongest. The antispasmodic effect of black bear gall from other areas and amber bear gall from Japan was also stronger. The main component of antispasmodic effect was tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and its antispasmodic principle was similar to papaverine.

② Anticonvulsant effect

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium has a detoxification effect on strychnine induced poisoning in mice, which can be enhanced when combined with chenodeoxycholic acid sodium and cholate sodium.

③ Effects on the heart

The aqueous solution of Gentiana yunnanensis had a little stimulation and a lot of inhibition on isolated frog heart.

[processing] remove the skin membrane and grind it into fine powder.

[identification] 1. Take a small amount of Danren and heat it with direct fire, only foaming without fishy smell.

2. The gallbladder kernel was observed under ultraviolet light, showing yellow and white fluorescence.

3. Take about 0.1g of Danren, add 10ml of methanol, heat, dissolve, cool, and filter; put the filtrate into water, evaporate to dryness, add 5ml of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, hydrolyze in water bath for about 5h (pay attention to supplement the lost water), cool; add hydrochloric acid to make it acidic, add ethyl acetate to shake and extract twice, 5ml each time, concentrate the extract to about 5ml, and make it the test solution. Another 1mg ursodeoxycholic acid was dissolved in 1ml methanol as control solution. Using thin layer chromatography, 10 μ l each of the above two solutions were put on the same silica gel G plate, the upper liquid of isooctane isoamyl ether glacial acetic acid n-butanol water (10:5:5:3:1) was used as the developer, the heel was spread for 18cm, and the solution was taken out and dried; 30% sulfuric acid solution (V / V) was sprayed, heated at 105 ℃ for about 10 minutes, and examined under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The test sample was corresponding to the reference sample At the same position, the same color spot appears.

Bitter, cold.

① Tang materia medica: "bitter taste, cold. non-toxic. "

② "Bencao Zaixin": "it is sweet in taste, cold in nature and non-toxic. "

[meridian tropism] into the liver, gallbladder, Bi and stomach meridians.

① Compendium: "hand Shaoyin, Jueyin, foot yangmingjing. "

② In the explanation of Lei Gong's processing properties: "entering the gallbladder meridian. "

③ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "it enters the heart and liver, spleen and large intestine. "

It has the function of killing insects, clearing away heat and spasm. It is used to treat yellow fever, summer diarrhea, infantile convulsion, malnutrition, Ascaris lumbricoides, eye shadow, laryngopharyngitis, nasal erosion, hemorrhoids and Vickers.

① "Property theory": "the main child five chancre, insecticidal, treatment of sores. "

② "Tang Materia Medica": "when treating, Qi and heat become jaundice, summer months are long, chancre conceals heartache. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "it is used to treat crevices, ear and nose ulcers, and various crevices. "

④ "Introduction to medicine": "removing the haze and opening the blind. The patients were smeared with Vickers, hemorrhoids and fistulas. "

⑤ The compendium of Medical Sciences: "it can relieve fever, clear the heart, calm the liver, clear the eyes, remove the haze, and kill Ascaris and pinworm. "

⑥ "Ben Cao Shu": "treat throat obstruction. "

⑦ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "it can cure the accumulation of blood and the drenching of blood. "

⑧ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "treat gangrene. "

[usage and dosage] take orally: take pills and powder, 0.5-1 point. External use: grind the end to adjust to apply or dot an eye.

[should be avoided] 1. In the theory of medicinal properties, it is said that "evil Fangji, Rehmannia glutinosa. "

② "Ben Jing Feng Yuan" says: "all the evidence of real heat should be used with saltiness, and it is forbidden to be involved in false images. "

[selected formula] ① treatment of infantile convulsion and epilepsy: bear gall, two soybeans, milk and bamboo juice. And have to go to the heart. (dietotherapy materia medica)

② To cure all infantile malnutrition, heart and abdomen deficiency, love to eat earth, limbs strong heat: bear gall one money (Research), musk half money (Research), Bi Gong one (to head, foot, tail, face wrapped simmer, research), Coptis (to beard, take the end) one money. On the same research very fine to Toad and pills, millet big. Take five pills each time, and send down the rice soup. There is no time to add or subtract the quantity. (Xiong Dan She Xiang Wan, general micro prescription for children's health)

③ Treatment of malnutrition and emaciation: bear gall and gentleman's benevolence are equally divided. Grind fine, put into the porcelain, steam melt, night steam cake, on the ball pockmarks big. Rice drink to send 20 pills, no time. (Xiong Dan Wan, general micro prescription for children's health)

④ Treatment of infantile milk chancre yellow thin, body heat upset: bear gall a point, indigo half two, Chansu half two, Coptis last half two, bezoar a point. On medicine, are grind such as powder, to pig bile and pills, such as mung bean big. Each take porridge drink five pills, three times a day, the amount of children size, add or subtract the service. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑤ Treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides heartache: bear gall, such as soybeans, and water. (waitai)

⑥ Treatment of red eyes: bear gall a little. Open, into the borneol one or two, bronze point. Or tear itching, add ginger powder. (bear gall pill in wild Qi)

⑦ Treatment of five hemorrhoids for ten years: apply bear gall, take the gall to stop. (Qian Jin Fang)

⑧ Cure wind insect toothache: bear gall three money, piece brain four cent. For the end, with pig bile on the affected area. (the wonderful recipe for life)

⑨ Treatment of infantile chancre nasal erosion: bear gall half. To soup, transfer in the nose. (Sheng Hui Fang)

"The smell of bear gall is the same as that of elephant gall, and its owner is also similar. "All gall is extremely bitter and cold, and can walk through the liver and gall meridians, purging excess heat. Infantile infantile malnutrition, which often leads to endogenous panzhizhang, is due to the stagnation of pathogenic heat in the liver and spleen. If you use it to relieve the heat of the liver, gallbladder and spleen, the internal evil will clear away and the external obstacles will go away. If it is not due to chancre syndrome and eye Yizhang, and smallpox after Menggu, mostly due to liver and kidney deficiency, should be nourishing Yin, blood, heat for emergency, all gall are not used. "

Chinese PinYin : Xiong Dan