Magnolia

Chinese Name: Xinyi

Flower Magnolia

[synonyms] Xinyu, Houtao, Fangmu (the classic), Xinzhi (the ode to Ganquan), Yingchun (the collection of Materia Medica), mubihua (the herb of Shu), maoxinyi, xinyitao (the records of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine), jiangpuhua (the records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the flower bud of Magnoliaceae.

[plant morphology] 1. Xinyi, also known as Linlan (Ben Jing), Mulan, Guilan (Guang ya), Dulan (BIE Lu), Magnolia, Magnolia.

Deciduous shrub, 3-4m high. Dry skin grayish white; branchlets purplish brown, smooth glabrous, with broad oval pores, light white brown; terminal winter buds ovate, 1-1.5 cm long, covered with grayish green sericeous hairs, axillary buds small, 2-3 mm long. Leaves alternate, short petiole, petiole 1.5-2 cm long, glabrous, sometimes slightly short hairy; leaf blade elliptic or obovate elliptic, 10-16 cm long, 5-8.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base rounded, or round cuneate, entire, both sides smooth, glabrous, sometimes with very sparse short hairs at leaf margin, surface green, back light green, main veins protruding. Flowers open in front of leaves, or nearly at the same time, single, at the top of branchlets; calyx 3 pieces, green, ovate lanceolate, about 1 / 4-1 / 3 of petals, usually early off; corolla 6 pieces, outside purplish red, inside white, obovate, about 8 cm long, stamens many, spiral arrangement, anthers linear, filaments short; carpel many separated, spiral arrangement, style short and small tip Fine. Fruit oblong, sometimes slightly curved. The flowering period is from February to May.

It grows in warmer areas. It was originally distributed in Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian, but now it is less wild. It is widely cultivated in Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Yunnan, southern Shaanxi and Henan.

The bark (magnolia bark) and flower (Magnolia flower) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Yulan (xuepu Zashu), also known as Bai Mulian (compendium of Materia Medica Enlightenment), yingchunhua, yutangchun and Bai Yulan.

Deciduous trees, up to 15 m high. The crown is ovate, with few branches and hairy young branches. Leaves alternate; petiole 1-2.5 cm long, pilose; leaf blade obovate, or obovate oblong, 8-16 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, apex broad and pointed, base gradually narrowed, entire, green on top, light green on veins, gray white pilose on bottom; winter bud densely villous. Petals on calyx mostly oblong to 15 cm in diam., carpels oblong, white or oblong, glabrous, pubescent; carpels densely ovate or oblong, glabrous; carpels ovate or oblong. The fruit is cylindrical, 7-10 cm long. The flowering period is February. The fruit period is from June to July.

Most of them are cultivated or wild in broad-leaved forest. It is distributed in Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and other places.

The flower of this plant (Magnolia spp.) is also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] generally, it is picked when the buds are not put in early spring, and the branches and stems are cut off and dried.

[herbal medicine] the dried flower bud is inverted cone-shaped, like a hairy pencil head, with short wooden branches at the base. The buds are 1-4 cm long and 0.7-2 cm in diameter. There are 2 bracts in two layers, and bud scales can be seen between the two layers. The surface of bracts is densely covered with yellowish green soft long hairs, the Tricholoma is about 5 mm long, and the inner surface is smooth, brownish purple. After the bracts were removed, there were 3 sepals and 6-12 brown purple petals, in which there were many brown stamens and one brown pistil. It is brittle and easy to break. It has a special aroma, which is pungent, cool and slightly bitter. The flower bud is not open, the body is dry, the color is green, and there is no branch.

It is mainly produced in Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hubei.

In addition, the flower buds of the same genus Wangchun flower are used as Magnolia in Henan Province, while the flower buds of Magnolia dianzang are used as Magnolia in Tibet.

[chemical constituents] the flower bud of Magnolia grandiflora contains volatile oil, citral, eugenol and 1,8-cineole. The root contains Magnolia alkaloid. Both leaves and fruits contain paeoniflorin glycosides.

An alkaloid crystal was proposed from the flower bud of Wangchun flower. In addition, xylosomes such as pinoresinol dimethyl ether, liriodendrol B dimethyl ether, wangchunhuasu and farnescensin were isolated.

(1) antihypertensive effect

The water and alcohol extracts of Magnolia bract dry powder have antihypertensive effects on anesthetized animals (dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, etc.) by intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection. Intramuscular injection can also depress blood pressure in anesthetized dogs, about 40% at 1 g / kg (according to crude drug). It can also depress blood pressure in experimental renal hypertensive rats, but it has no obvious effect on renal hypertensive dogs, but it has obvious effect on senile "primary" hypertensive dogs. The hypotensive component is converted to ether soluble part in the oil-water solution. In terms of the principle of lowering blood pressure, it seems that it has nothing to do with the central nervous system, but directly inhibits the heart, especially the dilation of blood vessels and the blocking of ganglion. The antihypertensive effect is not obvious when taken orally, which may be due to the fact that the active ingredients are not easy to be absorbed. The root contains Magnolia alkaloid, so it has antihypertensive effect.

② Effect on striated muscle

The alkaloid crystal in the flower bud of wangchunhua has curare like effect on the rectus abdominis muscle of frog, while the decoction has acetylcholine like effect on the contrary. The results showed that the flower buds of Wangchun flower were the same as those of Japan, but the former was more effective.

③ Effect on uterus

In the experiments of isolated uterus of rats and rabbits, in situ uterus and uterine fistula of dogs and rabbits, it was proved that Xinyi Decoction and fluid extract had an exciting effect on uterus, and they could show this effect at the dose of not affecting blood pressure and respiration. It is also said that the components contained in Magnolia are non-volatile substances dissolved in water and ethanol.

④ Other functions

15-30% Flos Magnoliae decoction can inhibit many pathogenic fungi. The extract or decoction has local anesthetic effect on animals (infiltration anesthesia on guinea pigs and blocking anesthesia on frogs). M. Kobus has obvious antiviral effect on lymphococcal choroid plexus meningitis virus in vitro and in vivo.

[processing] clean up the impurities of branches and stems, and mash them.

"Rihuazi materia medica:" as a medicine, it is slightly roasted, and the one that has been opened is inferior, and the one that has been withered is not good. "

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Bielu: "non toxic. "

③ "Diannan Materia Medica": "warm in nature, pungent and slightly bitter in taste. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and stomach channels.

① "The compendium of Chinese medicine" says: "start with Taiyin and zuyang Mingjing. "

② New edition of materia medica: "entering lung and gallbladder channels. "

③ In Bencao Zaixin: "entering the spleen and lung meridians. "

④ Summary of materia medica: "entering foot Jueyin meridian. "

[function indications] dispel wind and dredge orifices. Treat headache, nasopharynx, stuffy nose, toothache.

① "Ben Jing": "it governs the five zang organs, cold and hot in the body, windy in the wind, brain pain and facial pain. "

② Bielu: "it can warm the middle part of the body, relieve the muscles, clear the nine orifices, dredge the nasal obstruction and discharge, treat the swelling of the face, cause toothache, dizziness, and the body is almost as if it is on a car or boat. Grow hair, remove white insects. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "it can cure the problem of producing anhydride on the surface. It's used for facial grease, mainly for Guanghua. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "pass the pulse, clear the eyes. For headache, chills, body shivering and itching. "

⑤ "Diannan Materia Medica" says: "for the treatment of cerebral leakage and nasopharynx, the new tile baking is the end. Treat cold pain on the face, stomachache and heat. "

⑥ According to the compendium of Medical Sciences, it is said that "Biyuan, Biyu, Biyu, bichuang and postacne bichuang should be treated with grinding powder, a little musk and several times of scallion white. "

⑦ "Yucatalpa medicine solution" says: "Xie Fei Jiang Ni, Li Qi Po Yu. "

⑧ Jiangxi traditional Chinese medicine: "external use can promote uterine contraction, with the role of birth. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end of the plug or water distillation nasal drops.

[should avoid] those with Yin deficiency and excessive fire should not take it.

① In the collection of notes to the classic of materia medica: "Xiongwei is its envoy. It's called "evil five stone grease". Acorus tatarinowii, pollen Typhae, Coptis chinensis, gypsum, huanghuan. "

② According to the book of Materia Medica, it is forbidden for people with Qi deficiency, for those with blood deficiency and fire, for those with toothache, for those with stomach fire. "

③ According to Ben Cao Hui Yan, "people with deficiency of Qi should not use it if they feel wind and cold occasionally and their orifices are blocked. "

[prescription selection] 1. To treat Biyuan: half liang of Magnolia, two and a half yuan of Xanthium sibiricum, one or two yuan of Angelica dahurica, half yuan of mint leaf. On and dry, for fine powder. Take two yuan for each serving, then eat after scallion and tea. (Ji Sheng Fang canger SAN)

② Treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis: a magnolia three money, three eggs. Cook together, eat eggs and drink soup. (selected materials for investigation of single prescription) two magnolias, four geese and one geese. After immersing in water for 4~8 hours, distilled perfume and nose drops. (selected Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions, Guangdong)

③ For the treatment of rhinorrhea, there is a piece growing in the nostril: four pairs of Magnolia (hairless), four pairs of cortex mori (honey fried), one or two pairs of gardenia, two pairs of Fructus aurantii, two pairs of Platycodon grandiflorum and two pairs of Angelica dahurica. The total is fine. Two yuan per serving, mixed with light radish soup. (complete collection of selected doctors)

④ For nasal obstruction, no breathing: Magnolia, Xiong each - two, asarum (to Miao) seven and a half, Akebia half. The upper part is fine. Every time you use a little, it's easy to use it when it's wet. 5、 Seven day fever. (xiongsan, standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment)

⑤ Treatment of nasal congestion do not know the flavor: Gleditsia sinensis, Magnolia, Acorus tatarinowii, etc. It's the end. It's stuffed in the nose. (new edition of Mei's prescription)

⑥ Treatment of nasal distension or sores (this is the wine poison more): Xinyi one or two, chuanhuanglian five money, forsythia two Liang. Stir fry them, and grind them to the end. After every meal

Chinese PinYin : Xin Yi