Leech

Leech

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Zhiyang, Zhizhang, Jue (Erya), Mahu (Tao Hongjing), Mazhu (Tang materia medica), Jue, Mahu (materia medica tujing), magou (materia medica Yanyi), Hongzhi (jishengfang), Mahu (yilinzhuanyao), Huanghu (materia medica Qiuyuan), shuimatoi (Hebei materia medica), shatagan, rouzuozi (Chinese materia medica manual), mengermali (Dynasty name) .

[source] all of the hirudinae, such as Hirudo nipponensis, Hirudo latissima and leech tawny.

[animal morphology] 1. Japanese medical leech, also known as medical leech.

The body is narrow, slightly flat, slightly cylindrical, 3-5 cm long and 4-5 mm wide (fixed). The back is green with black, with 5 yellow vertical lines. The abdomen is flat, greyish green, without mottled. The number of body ring is 103, and the ring is not significant, accounting for 15 rings. The male reproductive foramen are between 31-32 ring sulcus and the female between 36-37 ring sulcus. 5 pairs of eyes, arranged in an arc. There is an anterior sucker on the ventral surface of the front end of the body. There are 6 longitudinal folds of esophagus, 3 jaws, semicircular and well developed teeth. There is a posterior sucker on the posterior ventral surface, bowl shaped, facing the ventral surface, and the anus is on the dorsal side.

They live in paddy fields and swamps. Suck human and animal blood. Agile, able to swim in waves and move in inchworm style. It is active when it is warm in spring, oviposits from June to October, and hibernates in winter. If it is cut off and raised, it can regenerate into new body. It is distributed all over the country.

② Leech with wide body

The body is long, slightly spindle shaped, flat, 6-13 cm long and 0.8-2 cm wide. The dorsal surface is usually dark green, with a longitudinal line of 6 fine yellow black spots, and a deeper dorsal midline. The abdomen is light yellow, mixed with many irregular tea green spots. The number of body rings is 107. The ring is obvious, accounting for 15 rings. The male genital foramen are between 33-34 and the female between 38-39. The eye is the same as the Japanese leech. The front sucker is small and the jaw teeth are undeveloped.

They live in paddy fields, rivers and lakes. It does not suck blood, but sucks plankton, small insects, mollusc larvae and mud humus in water. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

③ Brown leech, also known as: cattle turtle.

The body of leech is slightly smaller than that of leech. The back is brownish green, with a longitudinal line composed of 5 fine green black spots; the abdomen is light yellow, very flat, scattered with irregular dark green spots. The others are similar to leech.

It is distributed in most parts of the country.

[collection] capture in summer and autumn. After catching it, wash it, smother it with lime or wine, and then dry it in the sun or bake it. Japanese medical leeches usually thread through the middle part of the body and hang it up to dry in the sun; brown leeches, in addition to threading, elongate one end of the body and form narrow strips. Due to the different appearance after processing, the dried product of Japanese medical leech is called "leech", the dried product of wide body golden leech is called "wide leech", and the dried product of brown leech is called "long leech".

(1) leech

It is oblate and long cylindrical, 2-5cm long and 2-3mm wide. Ventral slightly higher, body more bending torsion, usually thread up, most dense into a ball, all black brown. It is brittle, with uneven section and no luster. The air is slightly fishy.

② Hirudo latifolia

They are flat spindle shaped, 5-9 cm long and 0.8-2 cm wide. The back is slightly uplifted, the abdomen is flat, the back and abdomen are close to each other in a contracture shape, the front end is slightly pointed, and the back end is blunt and round. The back is dark brown, and the sides and abdomen are brown yellow. It is brittle and easy to break. The section is colloidal and glossy. It's earthy.

③ Leech

They are long, narrow, flat or linear, 8-12 cm long and 1-5 mm wide. Both ends of the body are thin, and the body surface is uneven. The back and ventral surfaces are dark brown, and the suction cups are difficult to identify because there are small holes at both ends during processing. It is brittle, with uneven section and no luster. It's earthy.

The above three kinds of medicinal materials are neat, dark brown, and without impurities. It is produced in most parts of the country.

In addition, a kind of leech is also produced in Sichuan, which is the dried body of leech. It is oblate, 2-3cm long and 3-5mm wide. All green brown or black brown. There are obvious yellow stripes on the back, the local custom known as "Phnom Penh leech.". It is considered that the quality is the best.

[chemical constituents] Hirudo mainly contains protein. Fresh leech saliva contains an anticoagulant substance called hirudin.

[processing] leech: wash, soften, cut and dry. Stir fried leech: take talc powder into the pot, stir fry hot, put into the leech section, stir fry until slightly bulging, take out, sieve talc powder. Leech: wash leech, fry it in a pan until golden yellow, take it out and dry.

① Shu materia medica: "leech, when picked, should be stored in bamboo tube. After drying, it should be soaked in rice swill for one night. Then it should be dried. It should be fried with winter pig fat to make it brown, and then it should be used. "

② "Rihuazi materia medica:" leech, after filing, stir fry with low heat to make the color yellow. "

[flavor] salty, bitter, flat, toxic.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes salty and flat. "

② Bielu: "bitter, slightly cold, poisonous. "

[channel tropism] into the liver and bladder channels.

① "Gangmu": "liver meridian blood points. "

② "Yao Yao Fen Ji": entering the liver and bladder channels. "

Functions and indications: breaking blood, removing blood stasis and dredging meridians. It is used for the treatment of blood accumulation, Baihuang, accumulation, amenorrhea, dry blood tuberculosis, falling injury, eye pain and cloudiness.

① "Ben Jing" says: "he can expel evil blood, stagnate blood, close the moon, break the accumulation of blood stasis, have no son, and benefit the watercourse. "

② Bielu: "abortion. "

③ According to the collection of Materia Medica, "when people suffer from red and white rash and carbuncle swelling, take more than ten pieces to make them eat the diseased part, and take the skin wrinkled and the meat white, all of them are good. "

④ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "treating injuries and breaking wounds.". "

[usage and dosage] take orally: take pills and powder, 0.5-4 yuan. External use: sucking at the diseased place; or soaking liquid drops.

No blood stasis in pregnant women.

① Rihua in materia medica: "fear of lime. "

② Ben Cao Yan Yi: "fear of salt. "

③ "Pinhuijingyao": "pregnancy is not acceptable. "

[prescription selection] 1. It is used to treat women's dysmenorrhea and men's bladder with blood stasis: 30 leeches (boiled), 30 Tabanus (boiled), 20 peach kernels (peeled and pointed), and 32 rhubarb (soaked in wine). At the end of the four flavors, take five liters of water, boil three liters, remove dross, and take one liter warm. (Didang Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

② The treatment of women with abdominal blood stasis, moon water adverse, or break or come, the heart is full of urgent: peach kernel three Liang (soup dip, peeled, pointed, double kernel, bran fried slightly yellow), Tabanus forty pieces (fried slightly yellow, wing, foot), leech forty pieces (fried slightly yellow), Sichuan rhubarb thirty Liang (file micro fried). It is a good medicine to make a mess, and to make honey and pound a hundred pestle, and pills are like Wutong. Take each pill with hot wine. (Taoren pill in Sheng Hui Fang)

③ No menstruation, or postpartum lochia, abdominal pain: cooked Rehmannia four Liang, Tabanus (head, wings fried), leech (glutinous rice with fried yellow, to glutinous rice), peach kernel (peeled, pointed) each 50. On the end, honey pill, Tung big. Take five or seven pills each time and warm the wine. (Dihuang Tongjing pill, a good prescription for women)

④ The treatment of blood leakage is not enough: leech treatment of screening, wine service one money Xu, two days, evil blood disappear. (Qian Jin Fang)

⑤ Treatment of wound: leech, baked on new tile, for fine powder, hot wine to adjust the next money, eat, pain can, more a service, pain stop. Then the broken bone was sealed with medicine and clamped. (empirical formula)

⑥ For the treatment of gold sores, the wounds and falling from high, the pressure of wood and stone, the internal damage and blood stasis, the pain of the heart and abdomen, the obstruction of urine and urine, and the desire to die: half liang of red leech (stir fried with lime to make it brown), two liang of rhubarb, two liang of black morning glory. For example, when people travel four or five miles, they should be urged by hot wine to make two pieces of Petunia powder. The evil blood must be turned down from the viscera into pieces or pieces, and the evil blood will be healed immediately. (jishengfang lethal powder)

[clinical application] ① treatment of acute conjunctivitis

Put 3 pieces of live leeches in 6 ml of raw honey, and take out the soaking solution storage bottle after 6 hours. 1-2 drops per time, once a day. 380 cases were treated, most of them were bilateral conjunctivitis, all of them were cured. The shortest cure time was 1 day and the longest was 5 days. During the course of treatment, there was no adverse reaction except slight pain 1-2 minutes after eye drops. It is also effective for chronic conjunctivitis and pterygium.

② Treatment of corneal macula

The live leech was placed in clean water for 2-3 days. After removing the soil from the body and spitting out the scale in the abdomen, the leech was taken out, washed with distilled water for 2-3 times, weighed and put into pure honey. The ratio of honey to leech was 1:2.5 or 1:3. Leech died about 1 hour after contact with honey, appeared turbid liquid, floated up and then sank. It took 6-8 hours to get brown transparent liquid after filtration. It can be used as topical eye drops at 0 ℃ for 3-5 days, 3-4 times a day, 1-2 drops each time. Or made into injection, in 1% procaine anesthesia for subconjunctival injection, first with a small amount, and then gradually increase, generally 0.3 ~ 0.5 ml, injection every two days, after injection coated antibiotic eye bandage for half a day. A total of 71 cases of corneal cicatricial pannus and conglutinated pannus were treated, 26 cases were markedly effective (pannus became thinner and narrower, visual acuity improved), 39 cases were improved (pannus became thinner and narrower, visual acuity slightly improved), 6 cases were ineffective; 124 cases of various types of cataract, 65 cases were markedly effective (visual acuity improved more than 5 times), 51 cases were good (visual acuity improved more than 3 times), 8 cases were ineffective; 37 cases of vitreous opacity, 26 cases were markedly effective (visual acuity improved more than 5 times) 9 cases were improved (visual acuity improved more than 3 times) and 2 cases were ineffective. According to the observation, hirudin is safe and has few side effects. Subconjunctival injection was performed more than 5000 times, only 2 cases were accidental: 1 case was primary

Chinese PinYin : Shui Zhi