Yam

Yam

(Hou Ningji's medicine manual)

[synonyms] Shuyu, Shuyu (Shanhaijing), dioscorea and yam (Benjing), Zhushu, Shuyu, Yuyan, xiucui, jicao (Wupu Bencao), Shushu (Shanhaijing), Shanshu (bielu), yancao (jianmingyuan), Wangyu (zayaojue). Yam (qingyilu), Huai yam (yinpianxinshen), sheyu (Zhejiang traditional Chinese medicine manual), yeshandou (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), shanbanzhu (Guangxi Zhi Yao Zhi), Baitiao (Sichuan Zhi Yao), jiuhuangjiang, yebaishu (Hunan Yao Wu Zhi), fanzishu, fozhangshu (Pharmacology), baiyaozi (Hangzhou Zhi Yao Zhi).

[source] it is the tuber of Dioscorea zingiberensis.

[plant morphology] Dioscorea zingiberensis

Perennial twining herbs. The tuber is plump, slightly cylindrical, vertically growing, up to 1 meter long, 2-7 cm in diameter, with grayish brown skin and fibrous roots. Stem slender, tendinous, usually purplish, ribbed, smooth, glabrous. The leaves are opposite or 3-impeller-shaped, and the bulbils often grow between the axils. The shape of the leaves varies from triangular ovate to triangular broadly ovate, 3.5-7 cm in length and 2-4.5 cm in width. They are usually ear-shaped and 3-lobed. The apex of the central lobe is acuminate. The lobes on both sides are round ear-shaped, and the base is halberd heart-shaped. Both sides are smooth and glabrous. The veins of the leaves are 7-9, and the petioles are slender, 1.5-3.5 cm in length. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious; the flowers are very small, yellow green, in panicles; the male inflorescence is erect, 2 to several gathered in the axils of leaves, and the rachis is mostly zigzag; the flowers are small, nearly sessile, and the bracts are triangular ovate; the perianth is 6, elliptic, and the apex is obtuse; the stamen is 6, and the filament is very short; the female inflorescence is pendulous, with 2 bracts of different sizes at the base of each flower, the bracts are broadly ovate, and the apex is long and acuminate Perianth 6; ovary inferior, oblong, 3-loculed, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule has 3 wings, wing length is almost equal to width. Seeds oblate ovoid with broad wings. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from September to October.

Born in the sun. Now it is cultivated all over the country. The rattan (Dioscorea opposita) and the bulbil between the axils of the leaves (nuyuzi) of this plant are also used for medicine.

[collection] from November to December, the root was cut off, the soil was cleaned, the skin was scraped off with bamboo knife, and then dried or dried. Choose the coarse yam, soak it with water, add a little heat, cover it with cotton quilt, keep it moist and stuffy, then put it on the board, knead it into a cylindrical shape, cut both ends together, dry and polish it.

[medicinal materials] ① Dioscorea opposita: cylindrical, curved and slightly flat, about 15-30 cm long, 1.5-6 boxes of meters in diameter, yellow white or brownish yellow on the surface, with obvious longitudinal wrinkles and undelivered cork, and a few root marks. It is hard, white, granular and powdery. Qi is weak, taste sweet and sour, chew it sticky.

② Dioscorea opposita: smooth cylindrical, 10-20 cm long, 2-4 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white and smooth. It is hard, hard to break, white and powdery. It's slightly sweet and sour. It's sticky when chewing. It is better to be solid, powdery and white.

It is mainly produced in Henan Province. In addition, it is also produced in Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Yunnan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan. Generally, Henan Boai, Qinyang, Wuzhi, Wenxian and other places (Gu Huaiqing belongs to) produce the best quality, commonly known as "Huai yam".

In addition to the above authentic yams, in a few areas, Dioscorea nipponica (most of the provinces south of the Yangtze River are wild, and its tubers are commonly known as wild yams and native yams. See "windmill" for the original plants), Dioscorea zingiberensis (distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet) and other Dioscorea plants are also used as yams.

[processing] Yam: remove impurities, soak in water until the central part of yam softens to a certain degree, take it out and slightly air it, slice it and dry it in the sun or dry it. Stir fried Yam: first spread the bran evenly in the hot pot. When the smoke rises, add the yam slices and stir fry until it is light yellow. Take out the yam slices, sift off the bran and let cool (100 tablets per yam, 10 jin bran).

According to Ben Cao Yan Yi, "yam is used as medicine. In winter, the hand is wrapped in cloth, and the skin is cut with a bamboo knife. It is placed in the wind path under the eaves and in the bamboo sieve, and the sun can not be seen. Dry five minutes a night, when the whole dry harvest, but the wind is tight dry speed. "

Sweet and smooth.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes sweet and warm. "

② "Bielu": "Ping, non-toxic. "

③ "Medicine category Ming": "sweet taste, cool and moist nature. "

④ "The nature of the living is cool, while the nature of the ripe turns cool into warm. "

[channel tropism] entering lung, spleen and kidney channels.

① Tang Ye Ben Cao: "hand Taiyin meridian. "

② "Shanghanyunyao": "start, foot Taiyin two classics. "

③ According to "Depei Materia Medica", the blood points of foot Taiyin meridian and the Qi points of foot Shaoyin meridian are divided. "

Functions and indications: invigorating spleen, tonifying lung, strengthening kidney and benefiting essence. Treatment of diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, chronic dysentery, cough due to asthenia, thirst, spermatorrhea, leucorrhea and frequent urination.

Tonifying spleen and stomach, promoting body fluid and lung, tonifying kidney and astringent essence. It is used for deficiency of the spleen, less food, persistent diarrhea, cough due to lung deficiency, spermatorrhea due to kidney deficiency, leucorrhea, frequent urination, deficiency heat and thirst. Stir fried yam with bran can tonify spleen and stomach. For spleen deficiency, less food, diarrhea, loose stools, leucorrhea too much.

① Ben Jing: "in the main injury, tonifying deficiency, eliminating cold and heat evil Qi, tonifying middle Qi, strengthening muscle, taking ear and eyes for a long time are wise. "

② Bielu: "the main head and face wind, wind head (a work of" head wind ") eye dizziness, lower Qi, stop low back pain, treatment of asthenia, fatigue and emaciation, filling the five internal organs, in addition to trouble and heat, strong key. "

③ According to the theory of medicinal properties, it can be used for tonifying five labors and seven injuries, removing cold wind, stopping lumbago, calming the mind, tonifying the deficiency of heart qi, and suffering from deficiency of human body. "

④ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "treat headache, help Yin power. "

⑤ Rihuazi materia medica: "it helps five zang organs, strengthens muscles and bones, and calms the nerves with long ambition. It is mainly used to discharge essence and forgetfulness. "

⑥ Zhu Zhenheng: "raw tamping paste can disperse the swelling and hard poison. "

⑦ "Shanghanyunyao" says: "to make up for deficiency, to clear deficiency heat. "

⑧ "Compendium": "tonifying kidney qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, stopping diarrhea, resolving phlegm and saliva, moistening skin and hair. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-6 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: tamping.

It's not suitable for those who are evil.

① The book of Materia Medica notes: "when Ganoderma lucidum is used for it, it is evil, sweet and rebellious. "

② Tang Ye Ben Cao: "Er men Dong is its envoy. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of spleen and stomach weakness, do not want to advance diet: yam, Atractylodes macrocephala each one or two, ginseng three. On the three flavor, pound for fine powder, boiled white flour paste for the ball, such as bean · big, each take 30 pills, hollow food before warm rice drink. (Shanyu pill in Shengji Zonglu)

② Treatment of damp heat deficiency: yam, Atractylodes, rice pills, rice drink. (Linhu empirical formula)

③ Cure oral dysentery: dry yam half fried yellow, half life, research for fine powder, rice drink adjustment. (Bai Yi Xuan Fang)

④ This is the weakness of the spleen and stomach: yam is one flavor, filed as big as beans, half fried hot, half used for life, as the end, rice drink. (Puji Fang)

⑤ Tonifying the deficiency and coldness of the lower Jiao, frequent urination, thin and weak: grind the Dioscorea in the sand basin, put it into the CHO, boil it with a teaspoon of wine, add a cup of wine, stir it well, drink it hollow, once a day. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑥ To cure wind and dizziness, to benefit essence, to strengthen spleen and stomach: Dioscorea powder, to make wine with Qumi; or to make wine with Cornus officinalis, Schisandra chinensis and ginseng. (yam wine in the compendium)

⑦ For the treatment of excessive urination, you can't help sliding: white Poria Cocos (to black skin), dried yam (to skin, alum water Zhanguo, slow fire baking). On the two flavors, each equally divided, for the fine powder, thin rice drink tune service. (Confucianist family affairs)

⑧ Treatment of phlegm and asthma: mash yam in half a bowl, add sugarcane juice in half a bowl, mix well and drink hot. (simple formula)

⑨ Treatment of swelling toxin: yam, castor seed, glutinous rice for a, water immersion research for mud, apply swelling. (Puji Fang)

⑩ After treatment of tuberculosis, or red swelling hard pain: raw yam a ting (peeled), castor seed two. The same as the research and paste. (emergency prescription)

(11) for the treatment of mastitis, caking and pain for a long time, it is hard and does not break down: fresh yam, xiongshu and sugar cream are mashed and applied to the affected area. After applying it, the itching can't be tolerated. After a long time, it gradually stops. (Ben Jing Feng Yuan)

(12) treatment of chilblain: a little yam is ground into mud on the new tile and applied to the sore. (Confucianist family affairs)

Chinese PinYin : Shan Yao