Panax japonicus

Panax japonicus

(Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[synonyms] shanxiazi (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), daogencao (Xinjiang herbal medicine), Zishen, chuanshang Yao, Daojian Yao, Geda Shen (Hebei herbal medicine), xiashen, huitou Shen, shanliuliu, shichan (Shandong herbal medicine), daogunyao (Chinese herbal medicine), mafengqi (Guangxi herbal medicine).

[source] it is the rhizome of Polygonaceae.

[plant morphology] Panax japonicus

Perennial herbs, 50-90 cm high. The rhizome is thick and twisted, and the skin is purplish red. Stems erect, single or several, clustered, unbranched. The leaves are elliptic to ovate lanceolate, 12-18 cm long and 2.5-6 cm wide, apex short pointed or obtuse, base cordate or rounded. Decurrent winged, margin revolute, glabrous, or sometimes sparsely pilose below. Cauline leaves smaller, nearly sessile, leaf blade lanceolate to linear; stipules membranous, tubular, 3 cm long. Spikes terminal, 6 cm long; flowers small, perianth white or reddish, 5-lobed, lobes 3 mm long; stamens 8, inserted at perianth base; ovary superior, style 3-lobed. Achene triangular, ca. 3 mm long, brown, often enclosed in persistent perianth. The flowering period is summer and autumn.

The grass on the hillside is wet and shady. It is distributed in North China, Northwest China, Henan, Hubei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

In addition to the above varieties, Polygonum belongs to Polygonum group, such as Polygonum viviparum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum viviparum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum auriculatum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum maoeryeliao (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum cuspidatum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum pacificum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum fruticum (distributed in Northeast), Polygonum rotundum (detailed in "scorpion seven") are also equally used as medicine.

[collection] before germination in spring or when the stems and leaves wither in autumn, take the rhizomes, remove the residual stems and soil, and dry them in the sun. Rub or burn the fibrous roots.

[medicinal materials] the dried rhizome is flat cylindrical and curved, with blunt or slightly pointed ends, 3-10 cm long and 1-2 cm in diameter. It is purplish brown in appearance, with fine and dense links, buds or residual stem marks on the top, and fine fibrous roots or white root marks on both sides. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with brown or reddish brown cross section, and a circle of white dots arranged in vascular bundles near the edge. No gas, bitter taste. It is better to be thick, hard, reddish brown in cross section and without fibrous roots.

Produced in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning and other places.

This product is commonly known as "Caohe Che" or "Chonglou" in medicinal materials, but "Caohe Che" and "Chonglou" are synonyms of flea rest. See the article "flea rest".

[chemical constituents] the rhizome of Panax quinquefolium contains 8.7-25.0% tannin, 12-45.81% starch, 5.7-7.5% sugar, pectin, gum, mucilage and resin. Among the tannins, there are hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins, as well as gallic acid, paragallic acid, d-catechol, l-epicatechol, 6-gallaoylglucose and 3,6-digallocaoylglucose. In addition, it contains isomers of glucose and β - sitosterol. The content of tannin in leaves is 5-10%, but only trace in stems.

[pharmacological action] zhixuejing No.1, which is made from Quanshen percolate and gelatin, has a certain hemostatic effect on dogs and sheep in various hemostatic experiments (femoral artery cutting, liver cutting, splenectomy, etc.). It has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli in vitro (plate drilling method). The toxicity of Radix Polygoni Multiflori is very small, the median lethal dose of its extract (100%) injected intraperitoneally in mice is 0.33 g / mouse, and that of "zhixuejing" (0.2 g / kg) injected intraperitoneally in rabbits is observed for 5 days, and no abnormality is found after 30 days of dissection. "Zhixuejing" No.1 is buried in the tissue and can be absorbed. It has been preliminarily proved that it has a certain hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Bitter and cool.

① "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "sour and bitter, have small poison. "

② "Bitter, slightly cold. "

[function indications] it can clear away heat and shock, regulate dampness and detumescence. Treatment of fever, convulsions, tetanus, dysentery, carbuncle, rash.

① According to the book of materia medica: "smash the powder and drench the swollen Qi. "

② Modern Practical Traditional Chinese medicine: "internal treatment of dysentery; gargle for stomatitis astringent; external treatment of hemorrhoids and swelling. "

③ "Records of Chinese Materia Medica": "clearing away heat and toxin, dispersing nodules and detumescence. It is used to treat fever, convulsion, convulsion, tetanus, carbuncle, rash, snakebite. "

④ "Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine annals": "for the treatment of gastrointestinal damp heat, red dysentery, external use for the treatment of mouth chyme, carbuncle, fire injury. Folk medicine for postpartum blood. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1-3 yuan; or grind powder to make pill or powder. External use: tamping, boiling, gargling or washing.

[should avoid] it is not suitable for people without real fire and heat poison. It is not allowed to take the external choice of Yin Syndrome.

[clinical application] ① treatment of bacillary dysentery and enteritis

It was made into tablets with Radix Polygoni Multiflori, each containing 0.3 G. Take 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day. 80 cases of bacillary dysentery were treated for an average of 6.6 days. 71 cases were cured, 5 cases were improved and 4 cases were ineffective. The average disappearance time of other symptoms and signs was 3.8 days for abdominal pain, 2.7 days for diarrhea, 2.9 days for purulent stool, and 3.3 days for stool normalization. It can also be used in the treatment of 130 cases of bacillary dysentery and enteritis.

② Treatment of tuberculosis

Wash, dry and crush the Radix Codonopsis, add starch, mix well and press into 0.3 g tablet. Adults take 4-6 tablets each time, children take less. 12 cases were treated, the longest medication time was half a year, the shortest was 40 days. Results 3 cases of primary syndrome were cured; 9 cases of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis were cured in 5 cases, improved in 3 cases, 1 case was invalid.

③ Treatment of chronic tracheitis

1:1 Zishen (the rhizome of Polygonum hydropiper) injection (containing 2.2-2.5 mg of Zishen flavone per ml) was injected intramuscularly, twice a day for 10 days. 103 patients, aged 50-80 years, were treated for 2-45 years. Except 1 case with severe pulmonary heart disease, the other 102 cases were effective. There was no significant relationship between disease type and curative effect. After three courses of treatment, the disappearance rates of symptoms and signs were 72.8% for cough, 79.9% for expectoration, 77.1% for asthma and 67.2% for dry and wet rales. The effective time of cough, expectoration, asthma and rales was mostly within 4-10 days. But the anti-inflammatory effect is poor.

Chinese PinYin : Quan Can