Cassia root

Cassia root

(Ben Jing? Original Xigen)

[synonyms] xuejianchou (Tusu materia medica), guoshanlong (Gezhi Yulun), desumu (desumu) and Huoxuedan (Gangmu Shiyi), honglongxugen (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), shaqianyanggen (Henan traditional Chinese medicine manual), wuzhaolong (wuzhaolong), Manjianghong (Manjianghong), jiulonggen (Jiangsu Zhiyao Zhi), hongkezigen (hongkezi), xiaoxiaoquan (xiaoziquan), waquan (huahuaquan), lalaiyangzigen (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine), Xiaohuo (Xiaohuo) Xuelong (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine), Tanshen, sifanghonggen (Mindong materia medica), hongxigen (Jiangsu medicinal materials).

[source] the roots and rhizomes of Rubiaceae.

[plant morphology] Rubia cordifolia (Ben Jing), also known as ru? ((the book of songs), Mao Shang (the biography of Mao Shi), Tongcao, dixue, niuman (Lu Ji's Shi Shu), Honglan (Xu Guang's notes in historical records), ranfei grass (Shu Ben Cao), xitianwang grass, siyuejinyang grass, Iron Tower grass, windmill grass (Tusu Ben Cao), Tongteng, wuyeteng (Lu? Yan Ben Cao), tuqianmiao (salvation Ben Cao) 》）, eight immortals grass (compendium Collection), clematis, red silk thread, saw grass (Research on the name and reality of plants), red Qian, four wheel grass, chuangucao, hongjijin, maizhuzi, tiexueteng, huoxuecao, gualabou, shanlongcao, nianniancao, shishishicao, poxuecao, daxianteng, xueqicao, rugudan, honggenteng, yadancao, randancao, hongneixiao, honggencao, laxiancao Rattan, ox ginseng, saw grass, sticky vine, big saw saw vine, broken blood pill, little daughter red.

Perennial climbing herbs, 1-3 m long. There are several or dozens of branches, slender, yellow and red skin. The stem is square, 4-sided, with inverted spines on the edge. The leaf blade is ovate heart-shaped or narrowly ovate, 1.5-6 cm long and 1-4 cm wide, apex acuminate, base heart-shaped or round, entire, veins 3-5, projecting from the base, the petiole and the middle rib under the leaf are all barbed, cymes panicle, axillary or terminal; flowers are small, calyx is not obvious; corolla 5-lobed, lobes ovate or ovate lanceolate, base United Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of corolla tube, filaments shorter; ovary inferior, 2-locular, style upper 2-lobed, stigma capitate. Berries are small globose, fleshy, red to black. The flowering period is from July to September. The fruit period is from September to October.

Born in the wild, mountain forests, shrubs. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

The stem and leaf (stem of Rubia cordifolia) of this plant are also used for medicine. See special article for details.

In addition, the following plants are also used as Rubia cordifolia:

① Rubia longifolia has a square stem, lanceolate leaves 2-10 cm long, round base, acuminate apex and long petiole. It is used in Sichuan and Guizhou.

② Rubia Sinica has short petiole, broad ovate leaves, round or broad cuneate base and short inflorescence. It is used in Sichuan, northeast and other places.

③ Rubia stenophylla, leaves lanceolate or linear lanceolate. The fruit is black. It is used in some areas of Shandong Province.

④ The shape of Rubia ruthenica is similar to Rubia ruthenica, but its fruit is black at maturity. It is used in Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Gansu.

[collection] dig in spring and autumn, remove the stems and seedlings, remove the soil and fine fibrous roots, and dry them in the sun. Generally, the quality of autumn harvest is the best.

[medicinal material] the rhizome is irregular and massive, with residues of rhizome and fine roots at the top, and several or dozens of branches under it. The roots are cylindrical and curved, about 10-20 cm long and 0.1-1 cm in diameter. The surface is brown or reddish brown, with fine longitudinal lines. The embolus is easy to peel off, and the yellowish red part is exposed. It is brittle and easy to break, with flat section, yellow red or light red, and many small holes. The taste is slightly bitter. The best ones are thick and long, reddish brown on the surface, dark red on the inside, few divergences, stemless seedlings and few fine fibrous roots.

Mainly produced in Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places. In addition, it is also produced in Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Gansu, Liaoning, Shanxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan. Shaanxi and Henan had the highest yield and the best quality.

In Sichuan medicinal materials, rhizome with old stem is used as the same as the root of Rubia, and the commodity is called "Rubia stem".

In Jiangsu Province, the roots of the same family plant, Potamogeton pungensis, are used as substitutes for Rubia cordifolia, and the medicinal materials are called "Rubia cordifolia" or "Rubia cordifolia root". Its appearance is light in color; its cross section is yellowish white or light yellowish brown, and the thick one can see light brown concentric rings; when sliced, if soaked in hot water, the water will turn light yellow, and the root of Cynanchum wilsonii will turn light red. Please refer to "pengzicai".

[chemical constituents] the root of Rubia cordifolia contains alizarin, alizarin, pseudo alizarin and alizarin.

(1) antitussive and expectorant effects

In mice, oral administration of Radix alizari root had obvious cough relieving and expectorant effects (ammonia spray and cough), but after adding alcohol, the filtrate was ineffective.

② Effects on smooth muscle

Qiancao root decoction can antagonize the contraction of acetylcholine in isolated rabbit ileum. The water extract of the root can excite the isolated guinea pig uterus, and the oral administration of puerpera can also enhance the uterine contraction.

③ Other functions

The warm extract of Rubia cordifolia root can dilate the blood vessels of frog's foot web membrane and slightly shorten the blood coagulation time of rabbits. The results showed that the root of Herba Cynanchi inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albicans, Bacillus catarrhalis, pneumococcus and influenza in vitro, but had no effect on Escherichia coli, Streptococcus A and Streptococcus B. Rubia cordifolia preparation can still treat bladder stones. Although it has a certain solvent effect on the stones composed of magnesium or ammonium, it actually has little effect on bladder stones. It may excite the bladder muscles and help to remove the stones. It can also inhibit or prevent the formation of experimental kidney or bladder stones in rats.

Alizarin is a kind of pigment (orange red), which was synthesized by people very early. Oral administration can make urine and milk red. Similar to other quinones, high dose of quinones can reduce blood pressure without affecting the heart. It has some diuretic and excitatory effects on isolated intestinal tract (tension slightly decreased). It can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It has no sterilization effect on biliary tract. The effect of Alizarin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very weak. Alizarin and alizarin have toxic effects on earthworm, snail, cysticercus and sheep, but have little toxic effects on mice, rabbits and humans. Alizarin can inhibit the permeability of rat skin connective tissue, similar to rutin, and may have anti-inflammatory effect. In vitro small intestine test of mice. Neither purpurin nor alizarin had significant antispasmodic effect. Alizarin can also be used for the determination of renal function, the study of bone growth, the detection and isolation of bacteria and Immunology (antibody adsorbent).

[processing] Rubia cordifolia: clean the impurities, remove the reed seedlings, wash them, slice them in time after moistening, and sun them in the sun. Sisal charcoal: take sisal slices and stir fry them in a pot until the appearance is burnt black and the inside is old yellow. Spray water and let cool.

Bitter, cold.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and cold. "

② Bielu: "salty, flat, nontoxic. "

[meridian tropism] enters the heart. Liver meridian.

① "Gangmu": "hand, foot Jueyin blood.". "

② "Shu Shou Yin, Jue Cao". "

③ New edition of materia medica: "entering the spleen and stomach meridians. "

[function indications] it can stop bleeding, dredge channels and activate collaterals, relieve cough and expectorant. It is used to treat hematemesis, hematemesis, hematuria, hematochezia, blood avalanche, amenorrhea, rheumatic arthralgia, traumatic injury, stasis, swelling, jaundice and chronic tracheitis.

① "Ben Jing": it is mainly used for cold dampness, wind obstruction, jaundice and tonifying the middle. "

② Bielu: "hemostasis, internal bleeding, bladder insufficiency, tumbling. "The main arthralgia and heat, injury falls. "

③ "Treatise on medicinal properties": "it is used to treat six extremely sad lungs, hematemesis and diarrhea. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "zhibihong, take down, postpartum hematuria, milk knot, menstruation, intestinal wind, hemorrhoids fistula, discharge pus; treatment of sores and boils, ejaculation, urine blood, blood stasis. "

⑤ "Shanghan Lei Yao": "treat heart trouble, worry, heart heat. "

⑥ "Pearl bag": "remove all dead blood. "

⑦ "Gangmu": "tongjingmai, gujiefengtong. Promoting blood circulation. "

⑧ Du Wenxie's "Yao Jian" said: "Gong is specialized in promoting blood circulation, treating falls, pours, carbuncle poison, Baihuang, amenorrhea, hematochezia, collapse, hemorrhoids and leakage, wind obstruction, distention, jaundice, insect injury. "

⑨ "The collection of compendium" and "gezufang" are used to treat madness, Qitong, menstruation, lower fetus, jaundice, fullness and snake injury. "

⑩ Summary of materia medica: "cure mildew and poison. "

(11) modern practical Chinese medicine: "it has strong effect. It is suitable for children and pregnant women with chondrosis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 2-3 Qian; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] it should not be taken when the spleen and stomach are deficient in cold and there is no blood stasis.

① Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu: "I'm afraid of the rat.". "

② "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun": don't make mistakes with iron and lead. "

③ According to the classic of materia medica: "although the patient has blood syndrome, if diarrhea is added, do not take it if he does not eat. "

④ Bencaozheng: "do not use for Qi deficiency without taking blood and spleen cold. "

⑤ According to Bencao Huiyan, "those with deficiency of essence and blood, those with deficiency of spleen and stomach, and those with deficiency of yin and fire are forbidden. "

⑥ "Materia Medica from the new": "those without blood stasis should not invest. "

[selected formula] ① for hematemesis: Rubia cordifolia or two. It's better to be raw than raw. Take 2 yuan per serving, 1 cup of water, fry until 7 minutes, cool, take after eating. (brief aid to all)

② Treatment of deficiency heat and thirst after hematemesis and detoxification: Rubia cordifolia (file), male black beans (peeled), licorice (fried, file) each equal. On the three flavor, pound for fine powder, well water and pill add marble big. Take one pill at a time. (Rubia pill in Shengji Zonglu)

③ Treatment of hematemesis: jixueteng cream two money, 371 money, Xigen money and a half. Take it by frying. (Yimen Buyao)

④ There is no time to cure bleeding: two for each of Qiancao root and moxa leaf, and half for dark plum meat (baked). On the fine end. Honey balls are as big as Wuzi. Thirty pills of Wumei soup. (qianmei pill

Chinese PinYin : Qian Cao Gen