Ardisia japonica

Ardisia japonica

(Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[synonyms] pingdimu, yexiahong (Li's grass secret), yedihong, aijiaozhang (Yang Chunya's experience formula), Aicha, xuelizhu, aijiaocao, Dicha (the chief editor of plant name and reality map), aichahe (Cao Mu Bian Fang), aichafeng, diqinggang (classified herbal medicine), aichazi (Tianbao materia medica), qiannianda (Chinese medicine and plant records), Yexiazhu (Jiangzhu) Western Folk Herbal Medicine), Laoda (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine), Pudi Liangsan, ailangsan (Guangxi Medicinal plant directory), aijiaocha, yinshanhong, YINGSHANHONG, yepipa leaf (Shanghai common Chinese herbal medicine), Aidicha (Hunan medicinal records).

[source] it is the stem and leaf of Cerambycidae.

[plant morphology] Ardisia chinensis

Small evergreen shrubs, 10-30 cm high. The underground stem is creeping and has fine adventitious roots. Stem simple, cylindrical, ca. 2 mm in diameter, surface purplish brown, striate, with short glandular hairs. Leaves alternate, usually 3-4 leaves gathered in the stem tip, in whorl shape; petiole 5-10 mm long, densely covered with short glandular hairs; without stipules; leaves elliptic, 3.5-7 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex short pointed, margin serrate, base cuneate, upper green, glossy, lower lilac, leathery when old, smooth except middle rib sparsely villous. The flowers are bisexual; calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular; corolla white or light red, 5-lobed, lobes ovate, apex acute, both sides glabrous, with red spots; stamen 5; pistil 1, ovary spherical, style thin, apex pointed and curved. Drupe, globose, 5-10 mm in diameter, red when ripe, persistent. The flowering period is from July to August.

Distributed in Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places.

The root of this plant (zijinniu root) is also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] it can be collected all year round, washed and dried in the sun.

[chemical constituents] the whole plant contained 0.1-0.2% volatile oil. The effective antitussive component petaicin No.1, bergenin, was isolated from the deoiled residue. It also contains 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-pentadecenyl benzoquinones and triterpenoids. The leaves contain quercetin, myricetin, Bergenin and Ilex terpenol.

(1) antitussive effect

The decoction and its extract, acacithin 1, have obvious antitussive effects on cough caused by electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerve of the cat and the cough of mice caused by ammonia spray. The effect of the short acting catechin No. 1 is especially significant, which may be the main antitussive components of the dwarf tea. Its antitussive effect is equivalent to 1 / 4-1 / 7 of cocaine in dose, and it is not tolerated in cats for 23 days. It is speculated that its antitussive effect is located in the central nervous system, possibly in the midbrain. Ai Di Cha and AI Cha Su No.1 had no effect on reducing the dose of thiopental sodium in rats, no obvious analgesic effect on mice, no hypnotic effect on animals at high dose, no obvious respiratory inhibition effect on dogs at toxic dose, and AI Cha Su No.1 had no obvious effect on respiratory excitation induced by Nikethamide. The inhibition of this drug on cough center may be selective, but it has no obvious inhibition on other centers.

② Expectorant and antiasthmatic effects

Ai Di Cha decoction has obvious expectorant effect on mice (phenol red method), the effect intensity is equal to that of equal amount Platycodon grandiflorum, the effect of intraperitoneal injection is stronger, but it has no obvious irritation to rabbit's conjunctival membrane, which indicates that its expectorant effect may be produced by absorption. The effective constituents of expectorant may be flavonoid glycosides, and the short acting tea No. 1 has no expectorant action and no obvious antiasthmatic effect (guinea pig histamine spray method).

③ The effect on trachea lung tissue respiration

Ai Di tea can reduce the oxygen consumption of trachea and lung tissue in rats. Ai Di tea No.1 acts on the enzyme system of the essential group of sulfhydryl group, thus reducing the tissue respiration, but the effect is not strong.

④ Antiviral effect

The results showed that the water decoction of Ai Di Cha had a certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and influenza virus (chicken embryo test). Volatile oil and flavonoid glycosides have antibacterial effect in vitro, but it is difficult to reach the effective concentration in vivo.

⑤ The effect on experimental tracheitis in rats

In rats with chronic tracheitis induced by daily inhalation of sulfur dioxide, oral administration of catechin No.1 has certain preventive and therapeutic effects, which is manifested by the reduction of goblet cells, the reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, emphysema and lung atrophy.

⑥ In vivo process

After taking catechin-1, dogs and people absorbed it quickly, but not completely, excreted it quickly, and the original drug appeared in urine one hour after oral administration. After intramuscular injection of large dose, the peak of blood concentration appeared at 1-4 hours after administration, and the peak of urine concentration appeared at 2-7 hours. Most of the drugs excreted in urine in the original form were excreted within 12 hours, but only 0.8-4.2% of the total dosage (less than 1% of the dosage for human), indicating that most of the drugs may be changed in the body, and then excreted rapidly through the kidney. Therefore, its effect is fast and short in clinic.

[toxicity] the minimum lethal dose of catechin-1 injected intraperitoneally in mice was 10 g / kg. The median lethal dose of crude flavonoid glycosides was 1.31 g / kg and that of pure flavonoid glycosides was 0.84 g / kg by intraperitoneal injection in mice. The oral toxicity of crude flavonoid glycosides was low. The subacute toxicity test with 60-330 times of the clinical dosage for 60 days showed that Ai Di Cha and AI Cha Su No.1 had no toxic effect on the growth and development of rats and the main organs.

Bitter and smooth.

① A textual research on the names and facts of plants: "nature is cold. "

② Modern practical Chinese medicine: "bitter, flat.". "

[function indications] antitussive, expectorant, blood circulation, diuretic, detoxification. Treatment of chronic tracheitis, tuberculosis, cough, hemoptysis, hematemesis, strain, muscle pain, hepatitis, immediate, acute and chronic nephritis, hypertension, hernia, swelling and poison.

① "Li's grass secret": "for the treatment of partial hernia, take half a bowl of wine after pounding juice. "

② "Treatment of swelling and toxin, blood dysentery, detoxification of snake venom and heat stroke". "

③ "Cao Mu Bian Fang": "it is used to treat rheumatism and chronic cough. It's swelling and pain after applying cold toxin. "

④ Classification of herbal medicine: "it is used to treat hematemesis, cough and Qitong. "

⑤ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "it is a strong agent and has hemostatic effect. Treatment of tuberculosis, cough and hematemesis; alcohol, treatment of traumatic injury, testicular swelling and pain. "

⑥ Common Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai: "promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, diuresis, strengthening stomach, stopping bleeding. It is used to treat damp heat, jaundice, hepatitis, acute nephritis, cystitis, tuberculosis, night sweats, hemoptysis, debilitating strain, aching muscles and bones, irregular menstruation, and paranasal sinusitis. "

⑦ "Tongjing Huoxue, Liangxue Jiedu" in Jinhua's selected prescriptions of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. It is used to treat tuberculosis, hemoptysis, stab wound bleeding, nameless swelling, irregular menstruation, infantile malnutrition, dysentery, anal prolapse, habitual abortion, hypogalactia, chronic nephritis and hypertension. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-4 yuan, 1-2 Liang large dose; or mash juice. External use: tamping.

[selection] ① treatment of hematemesis: two pairs of red leaves (washed and mashed), one pig lung (washed). Put the red leaves into the lung tube, boil three bowls of river water and well water respectively until the fifth night, remove the red leaves, and eat with soup. (Yang Chunya's experience prescription)

② Treat lung carbuncle: purple golden cow one or two, Houttuynia one or two. Decoct in water and take twice. (Jiangxi folk herbal medicine)

③ Treatment of blood dysentery: stem and leaf of zijinniu, decocted. (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine)

④ Zhi Zhong Du: stem and leaf of zijinniu, decocted. (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine)

⑤ Treatment of traumatic chest pain: Purple bull whole grass one or two, wine, water, half fried, twice divided. (Jiangxi folk herbal medicine)

[clinical application] ① treatment of chronic tracheitis

It is one of the effective drugs to treat chronic tracheitis. After extensive clinical verification, it is proved that the curative effect is relatively stable. The curative effect of the compound is better. In Hunan Province, 8294 cases were treated with single Ai Di Cha, AI Cha Su No.1 and compound Ai Di cha in one year. Through repeated verification in different seasons, the results showed that the effective rate of a course of 10 days was about 60-80%, and the markedly effective rate was about 25-35%. The curative effect was improved when the course of treatment was prolonged and combined with antibacterial, antiasthmatic and other traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine. The main effect of Ai Di tea is antitussive and expectorant, but its antiasthmatic effect is not significant. Its antitussive effect is very fast, 2 / 3 cases take effect within 3 days after taking the medicine. Because of its rapid absorption and excretion in vivo, catechin-1 has a short action time, but it has no obvious drug resistance after repeated application. Only a few patients have headache, dizziness, stomach discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, chest tightness and other gastrointestinal reactions, which are generally mild and do not affect the medication. There was no obvious toxicity to heart, liver and kidney when the dosage was higher. Dosage and usage: 1.2 Liang for the whole plant, decocted in water for 3 times, 10 days as a course of treatment; it can also be made into tablets, syrup or granules. When the daily dose is increased to 2 liang, the curative effect is not improved, but when it is reduced to 5 Qian, the curative effect is not obvious. Er'ai-cha-su-1 has significant antitussive and expectorant effects, 375 mg per day, three times a day, 10 days as a course of treatment. If the daily dose increased to 600 mg, the curative effect did not improve, but the incidence of side effects increased significantly.

② Treatment of tuberculosis

Take zijinniuwan orally, 3-4 times a day, 3-4 yuan each time, the total amount is 1.2 Liang per day. Among them, 34 cases were used alone, 5 cases were markedly effective (cavity closed or more than 1 / 2 of lesion absorption), 22 cases were effective (within 1 / 2 of lesion absorption or cavity narrowing); 17 cases were combined with other anti tuberculosis drugs, 2 cases were markedly effective, 8 cases were effective

Chinese PinYin : Zi Jin Niu