Dandelion

Chinese Name: Dandelion

[category] whole grass

[synonym] fugongying (qianjinfang), pugongcao, huanghualang (Tang materia medica), fugongjiao (qianjinyifang), fugongpao (Ben Cao tujing), di Ding (Ben Cao Yanyi), jinzancao (TU Su materia medica), Bo Bo Ding, Huang Huamiao, Huang Hualang (salvation materia medica), panguying (Geng xinyuce), Po Po Ding (Yunnan materia medica), Bai Guding (wild vegetable) This paper introduces the characteristics of Herba Polygoni Multiflori, Herba pugongding, Herba erbancao, Herba gourushi, Herba milkvetch, Herba canfeizhui, Herba Polygoni Multiflori, Herba gymnospermae, Herba justice, Herba shuangyingbudi, Herba Polygoni multiflori and Herba guguting 》）Maoluobo (Yanchuan traditional Chinese Medicine) and huanghuasanqi (Hangzhou traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the whole plant with roots of Taraxacum mongolicum.

Dandelion

Perennial herbs with white milk, 10-25 cm high. Roots long and deep, simple or branched. Leaf blade oblong lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate, 6-15 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, apex pointed or obtuse, base narrow, extending into petiole, margin lobed or irregularly pinnate, lobes dentate or triangular, entire or sparsely dentate, green, or with lavender spots on margin, covered with white filiform hairs. The upper part of the flower stem is densely covered with white filiform hairs; the head inflorescence is single, terminal, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, all of which are tongue shaped flowers, bisexual: involucre bell shaped, involucre multilayer, outer layer shorter, ovate lanceolate, apex pointed, angular protuberance, inner layer linear lanceolate, apex claw shaped; corolla yellow, 1.5-1.8 cm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, apex truncated, 5-toothed; stamens 5, The anthers are tube shaped and enclosed outside the style. The filaments are separated, white, short and slightly flat. The pistil is 1 and the ovary is inferior. Long elliptic, style slender, stigma 2-lobed, short hairy. Achene oblanceolate, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, longitudinally ribbed, with many spiny processes, beak at the top, with white corolla. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from June to July.

It grows on hillside grassland, roadside, bank sand and field. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

In addition, there are many other plants of the same genus, such as Taraxacum lyratum, Taraxacum heterobracteatum, Taraxacum Rehe, Taraxacum tibetanum, etc., which can be used as human medicine.

[collection] before or just before flowering in spring and summer. Clean the soil and dry it in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dry root is slightly conical, curved, 4-10 cm long, with brown or yellowish white Tricholoma on the head, or has fallen off. Leaves shrunk into clumps or strips. The appearance is green brown or dark gray green, and the main veins on the back of leaves are obvious. Sometimes with incomplete head. The taste is slightly bitter. It is better to have many leaves, gray green color, complete roots and no impurities.

It is produced in most parts of the country.

[chemical constituents] the whole plant contains taraxasterol, choline, inulin and pectin.

The roots of medicinal dandelion of the same genus contain dandelion alcohol, dandelion secitol, ψ - glucocorticosterol, dandelion sterol, β - coumarin alcohol, stigmasterol, β - sitosterol, choline, organic acid, fructose, sucrose, glucose, glucoside, resin, rubber, etc. Lutein, Physalis lutein, chloroquinone and vitamin C are contained in the leaves_ 50-70 mg / 100 g and vitamin D_ 5-9 mg / 100 g. The flowers contain kaempferol, lutein and hyoscyamin. Pollen contains β - sitosterol, 5z-stigmast-7-en-3 β - ol, folic acid and vitamin C. The green calyx contains chloroquinone. There are β - sitosterol and β - ANISOL in the flower stem. It also contains comistol, riboflavin 1.43 μ g / g and carotene 7.7-8.8 mg%.

[pharmacological action] dandelion injection in concentrated test tube has strong bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, meningococcus, diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus, dysentery, typhoid and catarrhal cocci. Dandelion extract 1:400 could inhibit tubercle bacillus in vitro, but Decoction 1:100 was also ineffective. Its 1:80 decoction can delay the cellular pathological changes of echo11 virus. The alcohol extract 31 mg / kg can kill leptospira and inhibit some eukaryotes. The median lethal dose of dandelion injection was 58.88 ± 7.94 g / kg in mice. In subacute toxicity test of mice and rabbits, a small number of tubules and turbid epithelial cells of renal tubules were observed. Oral administration of the decoction to rats, good absorption, urine can maintain a certain antibacterial effect.

Foreign studies have shown that dandelion has cholagogic effect on animals, and it is clinically effective for chronic cholecystospasm and lithiasis. It is also believed that it has diuretic effect, especially effective for portal edema, which may be due to the large amount of potassium in plants. In vitro frog heart, a small amount was excited, but a large amount was inhibited. It can also be used as a bitter stomach tonic or laxative. Oral administration of leaf extract can cure snake bite, and also can promote the secretion of women's milk.

[processing] remove impurities, clean soil, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

Bitter and sweet, cold.

① Tang materia medica: "it tastes sweet, flat and nontoxic. "

② Li Gao: "slightly bitter, cold. "

③ "Materia medica:" sweet, mild cold. "

④ "Bitter, sweet, cold" in the Handbook of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine of Guangzhou army. "

[channel tropism] into liver and stomach channels.

① Li Gao: "foot Shaoyin meridian. "

② In the supplement to the meaning of materia medica: "enter the Yangming and Taiyin meridians. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat and toxin, diuresis and dispersing nodules. Treatment of acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, scrofula, toxic sores, acute conjunctivitis, cold fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infection.

① "Tang Materia Medica": "housewife's breast is swollen. "

② "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "applying sores, treating evil needling and fox urine needling. "

③ In the supplement to the meaning of Materia Medica, it is said that "it can transform heat toxin, eliminate evil, swelling and tuberculosis, detoxify food toxin and disperse stagnant Qi. "

④ "Diannan Materia Medica" says: "apply all kinds of sores, swelling and toxin, scabies and scabies; dispel wind, eliminate all kinds of sores, disperse scrofula and tuberculosis; stop urination and blood, treat five kinds of gonorrhea and obstruction of the bladder. "

⑤ Compendium: "black hair, strong muscles and bones. "

⑥ Yilin zuanyao: "invigorating spleen and stomach, purging fire, dredging milk, treating choking diaphragm. "

⑦ "Gangmu Shiyi": cure all poisonous insects and snakes. "

⑧ According to suixiju Diet Manual, "it can clear the lung, relieve cough and phlegm, disperse the knot and carbuncle, nourish yin and cool blood, relax tendons and teeth, dredge milk and essence. "

⑨ "Lingnan medicine collection record": "it's a good way to treat epigastric pain. "

⑩ "Shandong traditional Chinese medicine": "for detoxification, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drugs. Treatment of jaundice, red eyes, adverse urination, constipation. "

Chinese herbal medicine for cooling blood, diuresis and detoxification. It can be used to treat sores, skin ulcers, eye diseases, swelling and pain, dyspepsia, constipation, snakebite, urinary tract infection. "

(12) commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai: "clearing away heat and toxic substances, diuresis, mild diarrhea. Treatment of cold, fever, tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, Liuhuo, lymphadenitis, wind fire, red eye, gastritis, hepatitis, osteomyelitis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.3-1 Liang (large dose, 2 liang); mashing juice or powder. External use: tamping.

[prescription selection] ① treatment of breast carbuncle: Dandelion (clean file), honeysuckle vine with decocting thick soup, add a little wine, take it, ready to sleep. (supplement to materia medica)

② Treatment of acute mastitis: Dandelion two liang, Xiangfu one or two. One dose daily, decoct twice. (selected materials of new medical treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Inner Mongolia)

③ Treatment of postpartum not from the breast, milk, knot for carbuncle: Dandelion tamping swelling, three or four degrees on the easy. (Mei Shi Ji Yi Fang)

④ In the treatment of tuberculosis, the phlegm and nuclear around the item: Dandelion three money, Xiangfu one money, sheep hoof root one money five points, shancigu one money, artichoke root two money, huzhangcao two money, xiaoyijian two money, xiaojiuguniu one money. Fried in water and served with water and wine. (materia medica of Southern Yunnan)

⑤ Treatment of chancre: Dandelion mashed cover, do not more mash juice, and wine decocting, sweat. (compendium)

⑥ Treatment of acute conjunctivitis: dandelion, honeysuckle. Two kinds of eye drops were prepared by decocting the two drugs. Two to three drops of eye drops three to four times a day. (selected works of the whole exhibition: facial features)

⑦ Treatment of acute suppurative infection: dandelion, frankincense, Chinese medicine, licorice, decoction. (Journal of traditional Chinese medicine (11): 311965)

⑧ Many years of treatment of malignant sores and snake stings: Dandelion smashed, paste. (emergency prescription)

⑨ Treatment of hepatitis: dandelion root six money, Artemisia four money, bupleurum, gardenia, Curcuma, Poria cocos each three money. Take it by frying. Or with dry root, tianmingjing each one or two, fried.

⑩ Treat cholecystitis: Dandelion one or two. Take it by frying.

(11) treatment of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer: divide dandelion dry root and Sanguisorba root equally, research the end, take two money each time, three times a day, and take ginger soup. (the following prescription is commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Nanjing.)

(12) treatment of weak stomach, dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, stomach distension: Dandelion one or two (grind fine powder), orange peel six coins (grind fine powder), Amomum three coins (grind fine powder). Mixed research, take two to three minutes each, several times a day, after eating boiled water delivery service. (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine)

[clinical application] Pu Gong

Chinese PinYin : Pu Gong Ying