Pilose antler

Pilose antler

(Ben Jing)

Another name is banlongzhu (danliaofang).

[source] it is the immature horn of sika deer or red deer.

[animal morphology] 1. Sika deer, also known as sika deer.

It's a medium-sized deer. The body length is about 1.5 meters, and the shoulder height is about 90 cm. The male deer has horns, four forks in total, and the eyebrow fork extends forward obliquely; the second fork is far away from the eyebrow, and the end of the trunk divides into another fork. The female deer has no horns. The infraorbital gland is obvious, showing a crack shape. The ears are large and erect. The neck is long and slender, with long hairs below the neck and chest. The tail is short and there are obvious white spots on the buttocks. The limbs are long and thin, and there are brown glands under the ankle joint on the lateral side of the hind limbs, which are called metatarsal glands. It is thick and dense in winter, brown gray or brown yellow, with white spots, and more obvious in summer. The abdomen hair is white, the limbs hair is light, and the back has deep brown longitudinal lines.

Most of them are raised artificially. The wild people live in mixed forest, mountain grassland and near the edge of forest; in winter they live in the south slope of mountain, in spring and autumn they live in the wilderness, and in summer they live in dense forest. Morning and evening activities are more. It feeds on grass, leaves, buds, bark and moss. They like salt in spring and summer. Male deer shed old horns from April to May every year, and then grow fluffy horns, covered with velvet skin. It is distributed in Northeast, North China, East China, northwest and southwest China.

② Red deer (compendium), also known as red deer, eight fork deer.

It's bigger. Body length up to 2 meters: shoulder height about 1.2 meters; weight about 200 kg. The male deer has horns, the eyebrow fork is inclined forward, almost at right angles to the trunk, the trunk is long, slightly backward, and slightly inward curved; the starting point of the second fork is close to the eyebrow fork; the distance between the third fork and the second fork is far, sometimes the end of the trunk is bifurcated; the base of the horn has a circle of uplift, and the surface has rough ridge. The nose is naked, with infraorbital glands, and the ears are large and erect. The coat under neck is longer. Tail short, with soft tail hair. The hooves are large and ovoid, and the two hooves are long. It is dark brown on forehead and back, dark brown on ear and mouth. There is a brown black mane on the neck, a straight back and a brown black back. The side of the body is yellowish brown, and there are yellow and white spots on the buttocks. Summer hair is short, reddish brown, eyelids, mouth and limbs inside gray.

There is artificial breeding. Wild people live in large mixed forests, or alpine forests and grasslands. In winter, it is in the dense forest in the valley, and in summer, it is often on the edge of the high mountain forest. Feed on grass, twigs and tree buds. I like salt. Every year, the male deer shed new horns from March to April, and the new horns grew the most from May to June. Distributed in Northeast, Inner Mongolia, northwest, southwest and other places.

The ossified antlers (antlers), skins (deer skins), bones (deer bones), bone marrow or spinal cord (deer pith), meat (deer meat), head meat (deer head meat), hoof meat (deer hoof meat), blood (deer blood), tendons (deer tendons) of limbs, tail (deer tail), male external genitalia (deer kidney), teeth (deer teeth), thyroid body (deer dimple), swelling part of the end of hepatic duct (deer gall), fatty oil (deer fat), fetuses and placenta (deer gall) of the above two kinds of deer It can also be used as medicine. Please refer to the special regulations.

[collection] there are two methods: sawing antler and chopping antler. ① Sawn antler: male deer sawed antler from the third year, which can be harvested 1-2 times a year. The first time is 45-50 days after Qingming Festival, which is called "first stubble velvet", and the second time is about the beginning of autumn, which is called "second stubble velvet". Once a year in late July. When sawing, pull the deer off the ground with a rope, quickly saw off the antler, apply "Qilisan" or "yuzhensan" to the wound, stick oil paper on it, and put it back to the deer house. The sawn velvet must be processed immediately. First, wash off the impurities on the hair, squeeze out part of the blood, tighten the saw edge with thread, sew it into a net, and then put a small nail on the root of the hair, and wrap it with hemp rope. Then fix it on the rack, put it in boiling water and scald it repeatedly for 3-4 times, 15-20 seconds each time, so that the blood in the antler can be discharged, until the white foam comes out at the saw edge and there is egg yolk smell. The whole process takes about 2-3 hours. Then dry. The next day, blanch several times, air dry or bake dry. When baking, it should be hung on the drying rack, and the appropriate temperature is 70-80 ℃ with smokeless charcoal fire. After baking for about 2-3 hours, it should be taken out to dry and roasted again. It should be repeatedly roasted for 2-3 times. When the skin is half dry, it should be air dried and trimmed. ② Chopping antler: this method is less used now. It is suitable for old deer, sick deer and dead deer growing for 6-10 years. Old deer are usually harvested from June to July. First cut off the head of the deer, then saw off the antler and the skull, and scrape off the residual meat and fascia. Tighten the brain skin, then fix the Velvet Antler on the rack, and blanch it with boiling water repeatedly as above. The blanching time is longer than that of sawn velvet antler, which takes about 6-8 hours. After scalding, lift the brain skin, soak the brain bone for one hour, thoroughly dig out the muscles and muscles, and then scald the brain skin with boiling water until it is 7-8 mature. Then dry and trim in the shade.

(1) pilose antler

Also known as: huangmaorong, Huarong. It is the young horn of sika deer. Tricholoma serrata: all of them are cylindrical, with 1-2 branches. Those with one branch are often called "two bars", and the main branch is often called "big Ting", with a height of 14-20 cm and a diameter of about 3 cm from the saw. The branch is 10-15 cm long and slightly smaller than the main branch. The outer skin is reddish brown, salty brown, glossy, with reddish yellow or brownish yellow dense hairs on the surface. The upper end is dense, and the lower part is sparse, with gray veins between bifurcations; the skin is close to each other. The body is light, the saw edge is white, there are fine honeycombs, and there is no bone around. The gas is slightly fishy and the taste is slightly salty. Those with 2 branches are often called "Sancha", with a long length of 24-30 cm; they are thin in diameter, mostly not round, slightly arched, slightly backward, with a slightly pointed apex, longitudinal ridges (called "Qijin") and protruding pimples (called "Gudou" or "nail") at the lower part, with reddish yellow skin and thin and thick hair. The second stubble antler is similar to the first stubble antler, but it is rather long and not round, or thick at the bottom and thin at the top, with longitudinal ribs at the bottom, rough hair, heavy body and no fishy smell. Two cut antler: the antler with skull is also divided into two bars and three branches, which are the same as sawn antler. The front end of the brain bone is flush, and the back end has a pair of curved bones, which is commonly known as "tiger teeth". The brain bone is white and has no remnant meat. It is covered with brain skin, and the skin is densely hairy. The results showed that the antlers were thick, round, full-bodied, tender, capillary, red brown and oily. Those who are very thin, with lower part of the muscle, coarse hair and weight are inferior.

It is mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Beijing and other places, and a small amount is also produced in other areas.

② Pilose antler

Also known as: Green Maorong. It is the young horn of red deer. Its shape is bigger than that of pilose antler, and it has more branches. One side branch is called "single gate", two "Lotus", three "Sancha", four "Sicha", or more. Among them, Lianhua, Sancha and Sicha are the main ones. Single door of Northeast China, large, 23-27 cm long, about 3 cm in diameter. The skin is grayish black, the hair is bluish gray or grayish yellow, fine and bright, tender in quality. The skin of the cross section is thick, grayish black, and beige in the center. It has fine honeycomb eyes, slightly fishy smell, and slightly salty taste. The lotus is 16-33 cm long, with an edge line at the lower part, but its quality is not old, and its cross section is slightly large. The quality of the three branches is old, the skin color is deep, the hair of the four branches is thick and thin, and there are ridges and pimples in the lower part of the tappet. The top of the bifurcation is usually bare, which is often called "twist head". When the antler is cut, the skull is thinner, the color is gray, the hair is gray brown, and the distance between the two antlers is wider than that of the flower antler. Most of them are cut antler, 30-100 cm long. Most of them are not round, the top is round and flat, the surface is angular, wrinkled and shriveled, the bifurcation is long and curved, the hair is gray or black gray and thick and long, the color of the saw face is deep, the upper end is purplish red, the lower part is grayish red, and the lower part is grayish white. It's smelly and salty. The results showed that the velvet antler with full body, light weight, no edge line in the lower part, honeycomb section, dense tissue and beige color was the best. The antler body is dry and shriveled, the hair is not complete, the body is heavy, the lower part is stiffened, and the cross section is grayish red. Most of the hair of antler body has been taken off, showing grayish white, or the lower part is raised in a lump shape, the inner part is grayish white, and the body weight has become ossified, it can not be used as medicine for pilose antler.

It is mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and other places. The product from Northeast China is called "Dong Ma Rong", also known as "Guan Ma Rong", with better quality. The product from Northwest China is called "Xima Rong", and its quality is inferior.

In addition to the above varieties, the young antlers of the same genus of deer, such as water deer (distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Taiwan), white lipped deer (distributed in Sichuan, Qinghai and Tibet), and white deer (distributed in Western Sichuan), are also used as antler. In Sichuan, the products are called spring antler (water antler), rock antler (white lip antler) and grass antler (white antler), but they are all wild and have little yield.

[chemical constituents] the contents of water, organic matter, water-soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, ether soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, organic matter, organic matter, organic matter, water-soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, ether soluble extract, ether soluble extract, organic matter, organic matter, organic matter, organic matter, organic matter, organic matter, water. The ash contains calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and the water extract contains a lot of colloid. It is said that it still contains a very small amount of the oocyte hormone "estrone".

[pharmacological action] 1. Effects on cardiovascular system

Large dose of pilose antler extract from the antler of Siberian spotted deer can reduce blood pressure, decrease heart amplitude, slow down heart rate and dilate peripheral blood vessels. The results showed that the moderate dose could significantly enhance the activity of isolated heart, increase the amplitude of cardiac contraction, accelerate the heart rate and output, especially for the weak heart, restore the rhythm and accelerate the cardiac contraction for the isolated heart with uneven rhythm. Oral pilose antler essence can make pulse full, blood pressure rise and heart sound more powerful for chronic circulatory disorder with hypotension.

Chinese PinYin : Lu Rong