Bitter bark

Bitter bark

(Chinese medicine and plant records)

[synonyms] kupizi (records of traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan), shanxiongdan (new medicine (3): 261972), qugoumu (selected materials for exhibition of new Chinese herbal medicine therapy in Guangxi).

[source] it is the bark, root bark or stem wood of vallisneriaceae.

[plant morphology] bitter wood, also known as Melia azedarach, lacquer tree, bitter sandalwood, bitter bark tree, spicy fruit, bitter tree, fish gall tree, herring gall, Dog Gall tree, bitter gall tree and Melia azedarach.

Shrubs or deciduous small trees, 7-10m high. Bark gray black; young branches gray green, glabrous, with obvious yellow lenticels. Leaflets ovate lanceolate to broadly ovate, 4-10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, apex long, base broad cuneate, both sides asymmetric, margin irregularly serrated; petioles very short or almost sessile. Flowers yellow green and small, dioecious, 6-8 integrated axillary cymes, pedicel 12 cm long, densely pubescent; calyx 4-5, ovate, sometimes hairy; petals 4-5, obovate, about 2 times longer than sepals; stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of 4-5-lobed disk; female flowers smaller than male flowers, ovary ovate, 4-5-locular, style 4-5, embracing each other, twisting, base connected. Drupe obovate, fleshy, red, base with persistent calyx. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from August to September.

It grows in moist and fertile hillsides, valleys, forest margins, streams, roadsides and other places. Distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

[chemical composition] the wood contains picolin and isoproterenol. It also contains bitter tree element a, bitter tree element B, bitter tree element C, bitter tree element D, bitter tree element E, bitter tree element F, bitter tree element g, bitter tree semi acetal a, bitter tree semi acetal B, bitter tree semi acetal C, bitter tree lactone a, B, C, e, F, h, J, K, m, N, etc. It also contains sesquiterpenol, picroterpenol, alkaloid matrine and methyl matrine. In addition, it contains four non bitter crystalline substances: 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, triterpenoids, 4,5-dimethoxyferroxanthone and 2,4-dichloro-6-aminopyridine.

The fruit and kernel contain fat sleeves, and the oil contains coriander seed acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc.

[pharmacological action] the bitter taste of bitter lignin can be used as a stomach tonic to increase appetite; excessive amount can cause vomiting. The concentration of 1:10000 can inhibit the movement of amoeba histolytica in vitro (the same concentration of oxyrrhizine has no effect), and its infusion enema can treat pinworm. It can be killed by intravenous injection of 0.14g in rabbits, but it is not easy to be absorbed from the stomach and intestines; no poisoning is caused by intramuscular injection of 30mg / kg in rabbits or 20-100mg / kg in rats. The amplitude and frequency of heart beat can be inhibited by perfusing mammalian heart with the solution of matrine. The toxicity to insects (silkworms) is similar to that to mammals (rabbits). It can invade the nervous system and cause muscle tremor in the whole body of rabbits, and then turn into paralysis.

[nature and taste] Sichuan records of traditional Chinese medicine: "it is cold in nature, bitter in taste and toxic. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat and dampness, detoxifying and killing insects. For dysentery, gastroenteritis, biliary tract infection, ascariasis, acute suppurative infection, scabies, eczema, burns.

① "Chinese tree taxonomy": "diarrhea damp heat, killing Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment of scabies. "

② "Drug records of Nanning city": "anti inflammation and detoxification. Treatment of Sha Qi and gastroenteritis, pneumonia, falciparum malaria. "

③ Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "wash sore poison, treat insect sores. "

④ "Qingre Jiedu, detumescence, pain relief, dehumidification and antipruritic" is one of Guangxi's "selected materials for exhibition of new Chinese herbal medicine therapies". Treatment of snakebite, burns, skin eczema. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan. External use: decoct, wash or apply.

[should avoid] pregnant women should not take it.

[selected formula] for acute suppurative infection: two parts of Kumu and one part of jinyinggen. Decoct for three times, boil for two hours in the first time, boil for one hour and a half in the second and third time respectively, filter and combine and filter, and concentrate into paste. External application. (Chinese Herbal Medicine Bulletin (2): 59, 1972)

[clinical application] ① treatment of bacillary dysentery

10 cases were observed and 9 cases were cured in 2-5 days. Abdominal pain and purulent stool disappeared in 1-2 days on average, and turned negative in 2-4 days by stool microscopy. There was no recurrence after 3 months of observation. Usage: powder or tablet, 1-3 g each time, 3-4 times a day; or wood 3-5 yuan, 1-2 times a day.

② For biliary tract infection

2 cases of cholecystitis, 1 case of biliary Ascaris complicated with infection and 2 cases of biliary calculi were treated. The abdominal pain disappeared 4-32 hours after treatment and the fever subsided 12-24 hours after treatment. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were satisfactory. The usage is the same as above.

③ Treating burns and trauma

The wound surface was washed with 10-20% bear bile Decoction and coated with 5-30% bear bile ointment or powder. Six cases of superficial second degree and partial deep second degree burns with 2-15% area were treated. All cases were cured in 5-12 days without infection. More than 100 cases of trauma were treated with satisfactory results. It has no irritation to the skin and mucous membrane. The granulation grows fast and the wound heals quickly.

④ Treatment of multiple furuncle

Oral administration of shanxiongdan tablets (0.4g) ning tablets, 3 times a day. 4 cases were observed and the inflammation was controlled quickly after taking the medicine. 3 cases were cured and 1 case was cured with tetracycline.

In addition, it has been used orally or externally to treat eczema, tinea, lymphadenitis, epididymitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomachache, pleurisy, chronic bronchitis, etc. It is believed that this drug has anti-inflammatory (especially for acute inflammation), analgesic and antiseptic effects. There was no toxic reaction except dry mouth

Main poisonous plants in South China: "bitter wood, poisonous parts: root bark, bark and leaves. Poisoning symptoms: eating too much, causing throat, stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, severe shock. Rescue methods: gastric lavage, taking egg white or batter; drinking sugar water or injecting glucose liquid; atropine or Compound Camphor Tincture can be injected in case of abdominal pain; sedative can be given in case of convulsion; stimulant can be given in case of shock. "

Chinese PinYin : Ku Shu Pi