fennel

fennel

(Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[synonyms] tiaoxiang (theory of medicinal properties), fennel (Qianjin prescription), Foeniculum vulgare (Ben Cao Tu Jing), wild fennel (Lvyan Ben Cao), Foeniculum vulgare (Zhu Shi Ji Yi Fang), Gu fennel, Gu Xiang (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine), Xiang Zi (Chinese medicine Zhi Zhi), Xiao Xiang (Sichuan Chinese medicine Zhi).

[source] it is the fruit of fennel.

[plant morphology] fennel

Perennial herb with strong aroma. Stem erect, cylindrical, 0.5-1.5 meters high, upper branch, gray green, surface with fine longitudinal lines. Stem leaves alternate, petiole 3.5-4.5 cm long, gradually shorter from bottom to top, sheath like near the base, broad embracing stem, edge with membranous undulate narrow wings; leaves 3-4 times pinnate division, the final lobes linear to filiform. Compound umbel terminal, 3-12 cm in diameter, pedicel 5-20 branches or more, 2-5 cm in length, each umbel has flowers 5-30, pedicel slender, 4-10 mm in length; without involucre and involucre; flowers small, without calyx; petals 5, golden yellow, broadly ovate, 1.5 mm in length, 1 mm in width, curled inward above middle, apex concave; stamens 5, anthers ovate, 2-locular Filaments filiform, extending beyond petals; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-locular, style 2, very short, lobed. The fruit is ovoid oblong, 5-8 mm in length and 2 mm in width. It is yellowish green in appearance, with yellowish brown stigma at the top. The fruit is oval in shape, with five raised longitudinal fusiles. There is one oil tube in each groove and two oil tubes on the commissural surface. The flowering period is from June to September. The fruiting period is October.

It is widely cultivated in all parts of China.

The root (anethole root) and stem and leaf (anethole stem and leaf) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] when the fruit is ripe from September to October, the whole plant is cut and dried in the sun. After that, the fruit is laid down, the impurities are removed and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried fruit is small cylindrical, slightly pointed at both ends, 5-8 mm long and 2 mm wide. The base sometimes has a petiole, and the top has a yellowish brown style base. The appearance is yellow green. The fruit is oblong in shape with five raised edges. The cross section is pentagonal. The four sides on the back are about equal in length, and the joint surface is flat. There is one seed in the fruit, which is slightly kidney shaped in cross section. It is fragrant, sweet and pungent. It is better to have uniform, plump, yellow green, strong fragrance and sweet taste.

It is mainly produced in Shanxi, Gansu, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. In addition, it is also produced in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi.

The shape of dill seed is very similar to that of this product. Dill seed is used as fennel in some areas of Gansu and Guangxi. "Compendium" also known as dill Zi, also known as fennel, it can be seen that dill Zi as fennel has a long history. The main differences are as follows: dill seed is small and round, the fruit is wide oval, flat, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; the four sides on the back of the cross section are unequal, and the two sides extend into wings. The odor is weak. See dill seed.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains about 3-6% volatile oil. The main components are anisole 50-60% and anisone 18-20%. It also contains: α - pinene, α - oenanthene, camphene, dipentene, anisaldehyde, Anisic Acid and actanol. In addition, it contains CIS anisole and Cymene.

In addition, it contains about 18% of the total fatty acids, including 60% coriander seed acid, 22% oleic acid, 14% linoleic acid and 4% palmitic acid. It also contains more alcohols than C18, waxes made of palmitic acid, arachidic acid, sorbic acid, stigmasterol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, etc.

The content of anisole 60% and anisone 30% in bitter fennel and 80% and anisone 10% in sweet fennel. Some fennel does not contain anisole, but contains actanol.

[pharmacological action] fennel oil can be used as a wind expelling agent to expel gas and relieve pain during abdominal distension. It can reduce the tension of the stomach, then stimulate it, normalize its peristalsis and shorten the emptying time. On the other hand, it increases the tension and peristalsis of the intestine, thus promoting the discharge of gas. Sometimes the peristalsis decreases after excitement, which helps to relieve spasm and pain. This effect can be abolished by local anesthetics and may be neuroreflex. Anisole may be an effective component of antibacterial. Anisaldehyde had no antituberculous effect on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs, but it could slightly enhance the effect of small amount of streptomycin. Anisone is an isomer of camphor, so it has some local stimulating effects similar to camphor.

[processing] fennel: dust off the ash, pick out the fruit stalk and impurities. Salt fennel: take the fennel and stir fry it with low heat until the surface is dark yellow and has the smell of burnt incense. Spray it with salt water by heat and bake it. One method: mix the fennel with salt water, put it in a pot, stir fry it with low heat until yellowish, take it out, and let it dry. (100kg of fennel, 3kg of salt, add proper amount of boiled water for clarification)

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① "On medicinal properties": bitter and bitter. "

② "Tang Materia Medica": "Xin, Ping, non-toxic. "

③ "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "it is pungent, smooth, sweet and nontoxic. "

④ Jiangxi herbal medicine: "warm in nature, pungent in taste. "

[channel tropism] entering kidney, bladder and stomach channels.

① "Tang Ye Ben Shi": "enter the hand foot Shaoyin and Taiyang meridians. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the heart, spleen and bladder. "

③ In the classic of Materia Medica, it is said that "entering into the Dayin, Yangming, Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians. "

Functions and indications: warming kidney, dispersing cold, harmonizing stomach and regulating qi. Treatment of cold hernia, less abdominal cold pain, kidney deficiency, low back pain, stomachache, vomiting, dry, wet beriberi.

① Qianjin Shizhi: "if the snake bites the sore for a long time, it should be tamped and applied. Nine kinds of fistula were treated. "

② "Tang Materia Medica" says: "it mainly deals with fistulas, cholera and snakebite. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "it can regulate the air-conditioning between bladder and kidney and the air-conditioning of cecum, relieve pain and vomit. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "it is used to treat dry and wet beriberi and renal fatigue hernia. It is used to treat bladder pain and Yin pain. "

⑤ Li Gao: "to make up for the deficiency of life gate. "

⑥ "Warm elixir field" in shanghanyunyao. "

⑦ "Yuzhuo Yaojie" says: "it can cure dampness and cold of water and soil, lumbago and beriberi, and firm cold hernia. "

⑧ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica": "it is used for those who punch the face from the left to the top due to deficiency fire of liver meridian. "

⑨ According to the diet of suixiju, killing insects and dispelling filth, making fishy, smelly and cold stagnant poisons. "

⑩ "Traditional Chinese medicine form sex experience differentiation method": "treat chronic tracheitis. "

(11) Jilin Chinese herbal medicine: "dispersing cold and relieving pain. Treat hernia, kidney cold, abdominal pain, stomachache, lumbago, enuresis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the powder, adjust and apply or stir fry and warm iron.

[should not] those with Yin deficiency and excessive fire should take it carefully.

① According to the classic of materia medica: "the stomach and kidney are full of fire, and the Yang channels are raised several times. If you get heat, you should not take it. "

② "To match the materia medica": "lung, stomach heat and heat toxin Sheng prohibited. "

[prescription selection] ① it is not a ninja to treat small bowel pain: one or two almonds, half Liang scallion (and root pounding, baking), and one or two fennel on board. Last is the last. For each serving of three yuan, the hollow warm walnut wine is mixed. (continued parties)

Two fennel, litchi seed (fried black) each equal. At the end of the study. One money for each service, warm wine. (Sun Tianren Jixiao Fang)

② Treatment of small intestinal gas abdominal pain: Fennel, pepper, etc. On the end, wine paste pills, such as Wuzi big. Each take 50 pills, hollow warm wine. (xiaofenxiang pill in San Yin Fang)

③ Treatment of cold hernia pain: toosendan four money, Muxiang three money, fennel two money, Evodia one money (soup), long water fried. (Daoqi Decoction in yifangjijie)

④ Treatment of hernia into the kidney: Fennel speculation two package, change the ironing. (simple formula)

⑤ Treatment of kidney deficiency low back pain, can not turn the side, addicted to lying weak: Fennel (fried) grind. Break pork kidney, make thin slices, do not break, layer upon layer mixed with powder, water paper wrapped, simmer, chew, wine pharynx. (key to syndrome differentiation and treatment)

⑥ Treatment of hypochondriac pain: Fennel one or two (fried), orange five money (bran fried). Last is the last. Two yuan for each, salt soup. (Pocket recipe)

⑦ Treatment of stomachache, abdominal pain: Fennel, ginger, black root of two money each, fried Xiangfu three money. Take it in water. (Jiangxi herbal medicine)

⑧ Treat night urination and drink more than: fennel is not much, clean, add a little salt, stir fry for the end, with pure glutinous rice Hu hand big, pro lying fried make soft cooked, dip fennel at the end of the taste, to warm wine sent. (Puji Fang)

⑨ Treatment enuresis: Fennel two money, cuttlebone five money. It was put into pig urine cells, dried and ground. One money each time, twice a day. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)

⑩ Treatment of testicular swelling: Fennel, Xanthium each three money. Fried in water, twice a day. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)

(11) to treat typhoid fever, remove Yang and obstruct urination: apply fennel powder on the abdomen with ginger natural juice; use fennel powder externally and take it in Yiyuan powder. (pick Yuan Fang)

(12) to cure snake bite and ulceration: apply the crushed fennel. (Qian Jin Fang)

⒀ closed defecation, bulging and shortness of breath. With anise seven, hemp half two, a total of research for the end, add raw scallion three to seven, with research decoction, tune Wuling powder take. Once a day.

[clinical application] 1

Fennel 3 ~ 5 money (children's discretion), with boiling water soup, take hot meal, such as 15 ~ 30 minutes after no effect, take the same amount again. Or adults 1-2 money each time, children about 5 minutes each time, take with boiling water, after 10 minutes interval, take the same amount again. After taking it, lie on your back for 40 minutes, lower limbs together, knee joint half flexion. Generally, the incarcerated contents can be seen in about half an hour, and the pain will disappear. If there is no remission of incarceration within 1 hour, surgical treatment should be considered immediately. Among the 26 patients who had been treated for 2 hours to 3 days, 22 were cured and 4 were ineffective（

Chinese PinYin : Hui Xiang