Citron

Chinese name (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[category]

Fruits

[source]

It is the mature fruit of citron or Xiangyuan, a Rutaceae plant.

[plant morphology]

① Citron (Yang Fu's records of foreign bodies), also known as kuayuanzi (Southern vegetation), xiangpao tree and citron.

Evergreen small trees, about 2 meters high. The leaves are oblong or oblong, 8-15 cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, apex obtuse or obtuse, apex broadly cuneate, margin serrate; petiole short and wingless, nodeless or indistinct. Inflorescence short raceme, terminal and axillary, 3-10 flowers clustered, bisexual and male flowers, sepals 5, connate as shallow cup, upper 5-lobed; petals 5, fleshy, white, outside lilac; stamens about 30; pistil 1, upper ovary narrowed, style sometimes persistent. Citrus fruit is long oval or ovoid, with milky protuberance at the top, 10-25 cm in length and 5-10 cm in transverse diameter. It is lemon yellow when ripe, with thick and fragrant peel, small pulp sac, 12-16 petals, yellow juice, extremely sour and bitter taste. There are about 10 seeds, ovoid and white cotyledons. The flowering period is April. The fruit period is from August to September.

It is distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and its south. Most of them are cultivated in Guangdong and Guangxi.

The root (citron root) and leaf (citron leaf) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Xiangyuan (Su Shi's "the feeling of things"

Evergreen trees, 4-6m high. Stems and branches smooth, glabrous, without short spines. The leaves are alternate, leathery, glandular, oblong, 6-12 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, acuminate at both ends, entire or undulate serrated, dark green above and light green below; the petiole is broad winged, 0.8-2.5 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide. Flowers solitary or clustered, sometimes in racemes, fragrant; calyx basin, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; petals 5, white, oblong obovate, with veined surface; stamens above 25, inserted around the disk, filaments united; ovary superior, oblate, 10-12-locular, with ovules per locule, style cylindrical, stigma capitate. The fruit is round, orange yellow at maturity, with rough surface, colorless juice and bitter taste. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from October to November.

It is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other places.

The seeds of this plant (xiangyuanzi) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection]

It can be picked in September to October and dried in the sun; or it can be put for 2 to 3 days and cut into thick slices and dried in the sun when the surface of the fruit is slightly dry; it can also be dried by wind or low temperature.

[medicinal materials]

① Citric acid

The complete fruit is long oval or oval, with milky protuberance at the top and yellow or greenish yellow on the surface. Most of the products have been cut into slices with a thickness of 2-3 mm and a diameter of 5-10 cm. The cut surface is yellowish, rough, with irregular reticulated protrusion. The pericarp is wide, about 2-3.5 cm, accounting for 1 / 2 of the cross section of the fruit slice. The central pulp sac is 12-16 chambers, 3-5 cm wide, with each chamber forming a triangle. Sometimes there are 2-2 seeds flying in the chamber. The central column of the fruit is solid, with a diameter of 0.8-2 cm; The outer edge of the pericarp is yellow or greenish yellow, the surface is irregularly wrinkled, scattered with many concave oil spots. It is soft, fragrant, sweet at the beginning and bitter at the end.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.

② Xiangyuan

The dried fruit is spherical or oblong, 5-6.5cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown or yellowish green, often with irregular yellowish white patches, densely covered with most oil spots and reticular raised coarse wrinkles, the top is concave, the base is annular, and there are fruit stalk marks. The pericarp is yellowish white in cross section, 3-8 mm thick, with 10-12 cells in the center and several seeds in each capsule. Sometimes the goods are cut lengthwise into petals of different sizes, or cut in half horizontally to remove the flesh, or occasionally the flesh remains. It is fragrant, sour and bitter.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places.

Citron in ancient Chinese materia medica mostly refers to citron, sometimes including citron. However, at present, there are two sources of commercial citron, citron and Xiangyuan, and the latter is the largest in yield and widely used. Its young fruit and near mature fruit are also used as medicine in a few areas.

[chemical constituents] citrus mature fruit contains hesperidin, citric acid, malic acid, millet gum, tannin, vitamin C and volatile oil. The oil content of the fruit is 0.3-0.7% and that of the peel is 6.5-9%. The components are d-limonene, citral, phellandrene and limonene. The young fruit contains acid. The seed contains ketone and Phellodendron lactone.

[taste] bitter, sour, warm.

① Tao Hongjing: "Wen. "

② "Materia medica collection": "bitter taste, warm nature. "

③ "Yinshan Zhengzheng": it tastes sour and sweet, flat and non-toxic. "

④ Bencao tongxuan: "bitter, sour, pungent, warm. "

[meridian tropism] into liver, lung and spleen meridians.

① Yuluoyaojie: "start with Taiyin lung meridian. "

② "Ben Cao Cong Xin": entering lung and spleen meridians. "

③ "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "entering the liver, spleen and lung meridians. "

Functions and indications: Regulating Qi, relieving depression, eliminating phlegm and benefiting diaphragm. It is used to treat stomachache, fullness, phlegm, cough, gas, vomiting and less food.

① "To remove Qi, to remove phlegm and water from the heart" is the essence of the book. "

② "Yin Shan Zheng Ji": lower Qi, open chest and diaphragm. "

③ "Materia medica tongxuan": "manage the Qi of Shangjiao, stop vomiting, eat and strengthen the spleen. "

④ "Treating cough and qi stagnation" in "Ben Jing Feng Yuan". "

⑤ Yilin zuanyao: "to treat epigastric pain, to treat Qi in a broad way and to relieve depression. "

⑥ "Bencao Zaixin": "it can calm the liver, relieve depression, regulate lung qi, dredge channels and promote diuresis, and treat waist and foot Qi. "

⑦ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "eliminate chronic asthma. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-2 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] those with Yin deficiency, blood dryness and Qi deficiency of pregnant women should be cautious.

[prescription selection] 1. To treat swelling: one piece of Chen Xianglun (with flesh), two pieces of big pit peach (with skin), two pieces of shrinkage (with membrane removed). Each calcination is powder, mixed with granulated sugar. A hollow meal. (Ben Jing Feng Yuan)

② Cough treatment: slice the citron (remove the core) thinly, put the wine into the sand bottle, cook until it is ripe and rotten, and mix well with honey. When waking up in sleep, take it with a spoon. (Yangbi ramble)

③ To cure the adverse effects of Qi on diet or vomit: Chen Jixiang citron two, zhenchuanbei three Liang (heartless), twelve five yuan (fried black), white (dried) one or two, tangerine peel one or two, sweet three yuan. A total of research fine powder, with white split fried thick juice pan into pills, such as Tung big, each take three money, water delivery. It should be used in the case of great deficiency. (new edition of Mei's prescription Xianglun pill)

④ One or two fresh citron, chopped, put in a covered bowl, add the same amount of sugar, steam for several hours, take a spoonful of citron, sooner or later, with the effect of resolving phlegm, promoting Qi, relieving cough and relieving asthma.

⑤ Salted citron: slice into slices, dry in a well ventilated place, marinate with proper amount and put into glass bottle or porcelain jar for standby. Take 10-20g each time, rinse with boiling water until it is salty and appropriate. It has the functions of promoting Qi, relieving pain, strengthening stomach and transforming food. It is suitable for stomachache, abdominal pain, Qi pain, food stagnation, stomach distension, etc.

⑥ Xianxiangyuan 12 ~ 15g (dry product 6g), boiling water instead of tea, can treat liver pain, stomach pain.

⑦ Chen Xiangyuan 30g (baked), 12g each, a total of fine powder, 3 g each time, twice a day, warm boiled water delivery service, treatment of stomach pain, chest tightness, indigestion.

[discussion by famous experts] 1. In the book of Materia Medica tongxuan, the fragrance is round and neutral in nature, and it is harmful to healthy qi if it is used alone and in many ways, but it is no harm if it is used together with Shenshu. "

② According to Ben Jing Feng Yuan, citrus and citron are two kinds of citron and bergamot, which are similar in nature and taste. Citrus cover is also bergamot, citron is also citron, and broken phlegm water, modern treatment of cough Qi, also take Chen. Remove the pulp and core, and there is no sour harvest. "

③ "Ben Cao Bian Du": "fragrance round skin, lower Qi phlegm, wide in fast diaphragm. Although there is no temperature of orange peel, it belongs to the crystal of fragrant dryness. People with Yin deficiency and blood dryness should still ban ear. "

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Yuan