Polygonatum

(Lei Gong Paozhi Lun)

[synonyms] Longlian (Guangya), taiyangcao (Zhang Hua's natural history), Baiji, tuizhu, Chuizhu, Jige (baopuzi), Luzhu, (bielu), Weirui, gouge, Majian, bicai (Ben Cao tujing), Huangzhi (ruicao Jing), biguancai (salvaging materia medica), Diannan Materia Medica, wild ginger (Ben Cao Mengyao), yexianjiang (Guangxi Tongzhi) It is mainly composed of three parts: Alpinia officinalis, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma yangquehong, Rhizoma Chenxi, Rhizoma Ganoderma lucidum, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhizoma Moutan, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Rhizoma flavipectus, Rhizoma Zingiberis, and Rhizoma Zingiberis.

[source] rhizomes of polygonatum, polygonatum cystosum, polygonatum rehmanniae, polygonatum yunnanense and Polygonatum convolutum.

[plant morphology] Polygonatum sibiricum

Perennial herbs. Rhizome transverse, hypertrophy, fleshy, yellow white, slightly flat cylindrical. There are several stem marks, the stem mark is thick, the diameter of the thickest part can reach 2.5 cm, with a few fibrous roots. Stem erect, cylindrical, simple, 50-80 cm high, glabrous and smooth. Leaves sessile; usually 4-5 whorls; leaf blade linear lanceolate to linear, 7-11 cm long, 5-12 mm wide, apex acuminate and curly, green above, light green below. Flowers axillary, pendulous, pedicel 1.5-2 cm long, apex 2-divergent, bearing 2 flowers; bracts small, much shorter than pedicel; perianth tubular, 8-13 mm long, white, apex 6-toothed, greenish white; stamen 6, inserted in the middle of perianth tube, filament smooth; pistil 1, as long as stamen, ovary superior, stigma with white hairs. Berry globose, 7-10 mm in diameter, black at maturity. The flowering period is from May to June. The fruit period is from June to July.

It grows on barren mountain slope and edge of mixed forest or shrub. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places.

② Polygonatum cystosum

Perennial herbs. Rhizome transverse, hypertrophy, fleshy, nearly cylindrical, nodes larger, 1.5 cm in diameter. Stem cylindrical, 40-80 cm high, smooth glabrous, sometimes scattered rusty brown spots. The leaves are leathery, elliptic, sometimes oblong or ovate elliptic, 8-14 cm long and 3-6 cm wide, apex obtuse, both sides smooth and glabrous, with 5-7 veins. Flowers axillary, total pedicel drooping, about 2 cm long, usually with 3-5 or more flowers, slightly umbelliform; petioles about 1 cm long; perianth green white, tubular, about 2 cm long, apex 6-toothed; stamen 6, filaments pilose or papillae; pistil 1, as long as stamen. Berry globose, dark purple at maturity, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds globose. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from June to September.

They live in the mountains. Distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan and other places.

③ Rehe polygonatum, also known as Polygonatum odoratum.

Perennial herbs, 30-70 cm high. Rhizome transverse, cylindrical, nodose. Stem erect, simple. Leaves alternate, sessile or very short petiole above the middle part of stem; leaves broadly elliptic or long ovate, 3-8 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, apex obtuse, base rounded, entire, with gray powder beneath. Flowers axillary, total pedicel 3-6 cm long, with 4-10 flowers in cymes. Perianth tubular, milky white, apex 6-lobed, lobes obtuse triangular; stamens 6, inserted in the center of perianth tube; ovary ovoid, with slender white style. Berries globose, black when ripe. The flowering period is May. The fruit period is from June to July.

Born under the forest, hillside grassland. Distribution of northeast and Hebei, Shandong and other places.

④ Polygonatum yunnanense

Perennial herbs, up to 1 m high. The rhizome is transverse with nodes. Stem erect, simple. Leaves 4-6 whorls, linear, 8-13 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, apex acuminate and curly, base narrower; sessile. Flowers 1-3 axillary; perianth tubular, pale green, 6-lobed. Berries globose, orange red when ripe. The flowering period is from April to May.

Most of them grow in the forest or bush on the wet hillside. It is distributed in Yunnan and other places.

⑤ Polygonatum convolutum, see "tiger ginger".

Polygonatum roseum (Xinjiang), polygonatum kansuensis (northwest, see "yangjiaoshen" for the above two species), polygonatum curvulatum (Ningxia), polygonatum hongguoense (Qinghai, Gansu), polygonatum longgeng (Zhejiang, Fujian), polygonatum shenshanense (Zhejiang, Jiangxi) are also used as Polygonatum in a few areas.

[collection] spring and autumn harvest, autumn harvest is the best. Dig out the rhizome, remove the aboveground parts and fibrous roots, wash away the soil, steam in the steamer until it is oily, and then take it out for drying or drying. Or after boiling in water, take it out to dry or dry.

[medicinal material] the dried rhizome is irregular cone-shaped and looks like chicken head (commonly known as "chicken head Polygonatum"), or nodular and massive like ginger (commonly known as "Ginger shaped Polygonatum"). The branches are few and short, 3-10 cm long and 1-3 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white to yellowish brown, translucent, with all fine wrinkles and slightly uplifted wavy links. The aboveground stem mark is disc-shaped, and the center is often depressed. The root mark is mostly punctate and protruding, distributed in all or concentrated in most parts. The dry ones are hard and easy to break, while the incomplete ones are flexible; the cross section is light brown, translucent horny or waxy, with most yellow white dots. Odorless, slightly sweet and sticky. It's better to be big, yellow in color, transparent in cross section, moist in quality and known as "rock sugar residue".

It is mainly produced in Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Shanxi.

[chemical composition] rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum contains mucilage, starch and sugar.

The rhizome of Polygonatum gloeosporioides contains acridine carboxylic acid, amino acid, homoserine, diaminobutyric acid, digitalis glycosides and a variety of huiquinones. The leaves contain Vitexin xyloside and 5,4 '- dihydroxyflavone.

[pharmacological action] 1

Polygonatum has inhibitory effect on acid bacteria in vitro. Its decoction has significant antibacterial effect on guinea pigs infected with tuberculosis and lymphadenectasis after infection, and can improve their health. Its curative effect is close to isoniazid. It has only a weak inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi (the minimum antibacterial concentration is 500-1000 mg%), but no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus (the minimum anti vaccine concentration is 1000 mg%). However, it has also been reported that crude Polygonatum preparation and water extract have inhibitory effect on the above two kinds of bacteria. The concentration of 1:10 had a delaying effect on adenovirus 2 and an inhibiting effect on herpesvirus.

② Antifungal effect

The aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum at the concentration of more than 2% has inhibitory effect on many kinds of fungi, such as Trichophyton violaceum, epidermis rubrum, etc. the aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum has inhibitory effect on Trichophyton like and epidermis Kaufman Wolff, but it has been reported that its 10% decoction apparatus has mild inhibitory effect on Microsporum lanigerum, but has no effect on other kinds of fungi.

③ Antihypertensive effect

The water extract, ethanol water extract and 30% ethanol extract of Polygonatum sibiricum can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized animals.

[processing] Polygonatum: wash the soil, moisten slightly, slice and dry in the sun. Distiller's wort: take the collected distiller's wort, wash it, mix it well with wine, put it in a container, seal it, sit in a water pot, stew it with water until the wine is completely absorbed, take it out, cut it into sections and dry it in the air. (100kg of polygonatum, 50kg of yellow rice wine)

Sweet and smooth.

① Bielu: "it tastes sweet, flat and nontoxic. "

② "Four tones of Materia Medica": "cold. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen, lung and kidney channels.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the spleen, lung two channels. "

② "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "into the foot Taiyin spleen, Foot Yangming stomach. "

③ New materia medica: "entering the heart, spleen, lung and kidney. "

[function indications] Buzhong Yiqi, moisten heart and lung, strengthen muscles and bones. It is used to treat deficiency, cold and heat, pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, deficiency of body, less food, weakness of muscles and bones, rheumatic pain, wind and tinea.

① Bielu: "it can tonify the middle and Qi, remove rheumatism and tranquilize the five zang organs. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "tonifying five pains and seven injuries, helping muscles and bones, stopping hunger, resisting cold and heat, benefiting spleen and stomach, moistening heart and lung. "

③ "South Yunnan Materia Medica": "tonifying deficiency and replenishing essence. "

④ "Compendium": "tonifying all deficiency, stopping cold and heat, filling in essence, the next three dead insects. "

⑤ "Materia Medica from the new": "it can nourish Qi and blood and moisten. "

⑥ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "for intermittent fever, gout, periostitis, Ascaris, hypertension. "

⑦ Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "tonifying the kidney, moistening the lung, supplementing qi and nourishing yin. Treatment of spleen deficiency, yellow face, lung deficiency cough, weakness of muscles and bones, and postpartum weakness of Qi and blood. "

⑧ "Hunan rural commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual": "kidney and spleen, strong muscle and bone, lung and body fluid. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-5 yuan (1-2 Liang fresh); boil cream or put into pill or powder. External use: wash with boiling water.

[should avoid] cold diarrhea, phlegm dampness fullness, qi stagnation should not take.

① "The compendium of Medical Sciences:" avoid plum fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds and the same. "

② "This Jing meets the original": "the Yang declines, the Yin is exuberant, the person takes it, each causes the diarrhea fullness. "

③ It is forbidden for those with qi stagnation. "

④ "The justice of Materia Medica" says: "those who have wet phlegm will take it. Stomach does not accept

Chinese PinYin : Huang Jing