Ferula

(Tang materia medica)

[synonyms] Xunqu (Tang materia medica), Wei Quji (Hou Ningji's "medicine spectrum"), Ayu, Xingyu (Youyang Zazu), haxini (compendium of traditional Chinese Medicine), wucaiwei (records of traditional Chinese Medicine), and Chou ferula (Xinjiang Manual of Chinese herbal medicine).

[source] it is the resin of Ferula ferula, Ferula sinkiangensis and ferula Fukang.

[plant morphology] 1

Herbs perennial with strong garlic odor. At the beginning, there are only roots and leaves, and the flower stems begin to sprout in the fifth year; the flower stems are thick, up to 2 meters high, with longitudinal lines. The leaves are nearly fleshy and fall early; the leaves near the base are 3-4 pinnate compound leaves, 50 cm long, and the petiole base is slightly expanded; the final lobes are oblong lanceolate or elliptic lanceolate, gray green, often hairy below; the upper leaves of the stem are 1-2. Flowers unisexual or bisexual; compound umbels with 20-30 pedicels in the central inflorescence, each with many small pedicels; bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers form separate inflorescences, or bisexual inflorescences have a female inflorescence in the central inflorescence; bisexual flowers are yellow, calyx has 5 microteeth; petals are 5; stamens are 5, longer than petals; pistils are 2-carpel, upper part flat, several separated, without obvious style; male flowers are similar to bisexual flowers, Ovule sterile in carpel only; female flower white, disk superior, hypertrophy, 2-carpel, connate, ovary inferior, hairy, 2-locular, ovule 1. Suspensory fruit dorsally flat, ovate, long ovate or subsquare, abaxially hairy, 10 ribbed, brown. The flowering period is March. The fruiting period is April. The plants withered and died in May.

It grows in sandy areas. It is distributed in Central Asia of the Soviet Union, Iran and Afghanistan.

② Ferula sinkiangensis

Perennial herbs, 50-200 cm high. The basal leaves have long stalks; the stem leaves are alternate, 3-4 pinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets are pinnately divided. Compound umbel, yellow flowers, small and dense. The fruit is oblate.

Born in Gobi desert and barren mountains. It is distributed in Xinjiang.

③ Ferula latifolia

Herbs perennial, up to 2 m tall. The leaves are three pinnate compound leaves, the leaflets are obovate or elliptic, the flowers are light yellow, and the ovary and seeds are smooth.

It is distributed in Xinjiang.

[collection] harvest before flowering. Digging up the soil, exposing the roots, cutting off the root of the stem white root, that is, the emulsion comes out from the cross section. The top is covered with leaves I, and it can be scraped down after about 10 days. Then cut off the upper part of it. The above method is used for harvesting, once every 10 days, until it is exhausted, about 3 months in total. Keep it in a cool and dry place, sealed and heat proof.

[medicinal material] most of ferulic commodities are agglomerated into blocks of different sizes. The appearance is dark yellow or dark brown. After storage for a long time, it turns into reddish brown. The new broken surface is milky white or light yellowish brown, or red brown interlaced. It is commonly known as "ferula wucai".

The resin of Ferula sinkiangensis is gray white to light brownish yellow fat paste. It is as hard as white wax, light in weight, slightly porous in cross section, pure and free of impurities. Grind with water to form a white emulsion. It has a strong and persistent odor, bitter and spicy as garlic.

It is produced in Xinjiang.

[chemical constituents] ferula contains volatile oil, resin and gum. The products with good quality (granular products) can get 10-17% volatile oil, 40-64% resin, 25% gum and 1.5-10% ash. Some of the inorganic impurities in block products can reach more than 60%.

The volatile oil contains pinene, accompanied by a variety of disulfide compounds, of which sec butyl propenyl disulfide accounts for about 45%, which is the cause of the special garlic odor. The resin contains ferulic acid and its esters, and farnesol a, B, C, etc.

This product does not contain free umbelliferolide, but if it is boiled with hydrochloric acid, umbelliferolide is easy to be produced, showing blue fluorescence in alkaline solution. This reaction can be used as one of the identification criteria.

[pharmacological action] the rubber resin obtained from the root or rhizome of Ferula ferula, namely ferula, has a special odor, bitter and pungent taste; it can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and even if it is large (12g), it has no significant toxicity; it can be used as a wind expelling agent (4% 15-30ml enema, taking laxative at the same time), but it should not be used within 3 days after intestinal surgery. Its volatile oil is excreted from the lung, so it can be used as an irritant expectorant in patients with bronchitis, pertussis or asthma.

Ferulae decoction has inhibitory effect on human Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, and it can reduce the adult development rate of mice infected with schistosome cercariae by intragastric administration of ferulae Decoction in combination with and. In acute test (intravenous injection in dogs) and chronic test (rats), water extract can prolong the time of blood coagulation and significantly reduce the tolerance of plasma to heparin. Its anticoagulant effect may be related to the increase of heparin or heparin like substances in blood. In foreign countries, it has been used as anticonvulsant or for the treatment of some psychosis, and also as an anthelmintic.

The results showed that the water decoction or water alcohol extract of Ferula sinkiangensis could decrease the heart rate amplitude and increase the heart rate of isolated frog heart, and the blood pressure of dogs could be decreased for a short time by intravenous injection. 1: The results showed that 1 000 decoction could induce strong contraction of guinea pig uterus in vitro, but the water alcohol extract had no effect. Both of them have little toxicity to animals.

[processing] remove impurities and cut them into small pieces.

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun": "all the ferulae, first in the net bowl, such as powder research, in the hot wine on Yan Guo, Ren into medicine. "

Bitter, pungent and warm.

① Tang materia medica: "it tastes pungent, smooth and nontoxic. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it tastes pungent and warm. "

③ Rihuazi materia medica: "hot. "

④ Ben Cao Zheng: "bitter and pungent in taste, hot in nature, poisonous. "

[channel tropism] into liver, spleen and stomach channels.

① "Into the stomach meridian. "

② "Shu Tai Yin Jing" and "Yang Zu Jing". "

⑨ New edition of materia medica: "entering spleen, stomach and large intestine. "

④ "Yuluoyaojie" says: "entering the spleen of foot Taiyin and liver meridian of foot Jueyin. "

[function indications] eliminate accumulation and kill insects. It is used to treat Baihuang, Chongji, rouji, cold pain in heart and abdomen, malaria and dysentery.

① Tang materia medica: "kill all insects, get rid of the bad smell, break the accumulation, and bring down the bad smell. "

② "Qian Jin Yi Fang" says: "Lord, all evil Qi. "

③ "Haiyao Materia Medica": "the heart is cold in the stomach. "

④ Kouhuazi materia medica: "it can cure the corpse, break all kinds of addiction, cool air, dispel temperature, cure malaria, and control cholera, heartache, kidney qi, warm miasma, resist all mushroom and vegetable poison. "

⑤ Zhu Zhenheng: "eliminate meat accumulation. "

⑥ According to the compendium of Materia Medica, "it can relieve the poison of dead cattle, sheep and horses. "

⑦ Materia medica tongxuan: "stop malaria, stop dysentery, detoxify and stop odor. "

⑧ "Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual": "treatment of neurasthenia, chronic tracheitis. "

[usage and dosage] external use: Boil the ointment or grind the powder into the plaster. Oral administration: into the pill, powder, 3-5 points.

It should be avoided for pregnant women with spleen and stomach weakness.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, "people with weak spleen and stomach should not use it lightly, although they have a lot of lumps. "

② Yilin zuanyao: "taking too much Qi will make your eyes dim. "

③ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "if the stomach is deficient and few people get it, they will vomit at the mouth, resulting in food grabbing and diarrhea, resulting in emaciation and weakness. "

[prescription selection] ① those who treat all kinds of pimples and Baihuang and accumulate blood gas after eating: ferulic five coins, < U > < / u > four Liang, three Liang, two liang each. After four taste are fried dry, research for fine powder, to ferulic hot wine melting, and into the pill, millet big. Every morning and evening each take two money, white soup. Women's disease, this prescription plus, all wine fried - two. (a collection of Chinese hands on what day)

② Treatment of ruffian: two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of ferulae, two pairs of fer. Two Liang for external use, three Liang for white mustard seed, twenty-one (shelled), one liang for cinnamon, one liang for Sichuan, and twenty-two Liang for random hair; forty Liang for sesame oil, fry black and remove residue, wait for the oil to condense, put it into the pot, add water when the oil is cold, fry twenty liang of Huangdan finely, fry the oil and roll it, stir it with iron chopsticks, take Huangdan black, soft and hard, lift it up, pour it, add ferulic acid, milk, no and nitrate At the end of the paste, mix well inside. When sticking the plaster, first grind it with mirabilite, then spread it half finger thick with the affected area, cover it with paper, and iron it with hot iron for a long time. If the nitrate is consumed, then iron it again. At about two o'clock, the plaster can be applied. (a collection of Chinese hands on what day)

③ Treatment of children's food accumulation, abdominal like shape, abdominal pain, white urine: ferulic acid (soak for one night, grind as mud) half Liang, (stir fry) half Liang, flower alkali (grind as powder) three money, Shancha meat one or two, one or two half, (soap horn soak for one night) one or two. On the end, fried paste balls, such as radish big. Take 20 pills each time and drink the hollow rice. (medical compendium, ferulic pill)

④ Treat Qi accumulation, meat accumulation, abdominal distention, caking pain, or lead to flank pain, or pain even back Brawn, do not think about diet: (no fire), betel nut each half two, ferula (with vinegar) each two and a half money. On the fine powder, with ferulic paste, and millet rice, pestle and for the ball, such as Tung big. Every time you take 40 pills, < U > skin < / u > soup. (Ji Sheng Fang, a Wei Wan)

⑤ Treatment of malaria: rouge, ferula each a soybean Xu, with research. Take the garlic meat as the paste, use a big walnut, split to remove the kernel, take a piece and fill it in the core with plaster. When malaria occurs, the walnut is used to cover the mouth of the tiger. The man is left and the woman is right. The medicine is made to touch the meat. The silk is used to tie the medicine. The night is gone. (Jianhu ointment in Shengji Zonglu)

"Ferulic acid is a drug for the accumulation, abortion and killing of insects. Its gas is pungent and stinky. When people of Yuan Dynasty put it into food, it can ward off all kinds of poisons, such as animal, fish, tortoise, fishy meat and so on. All fruits, vegetables, rice, wheat, millet

Chinese PinYin : A Wei