Stinky grass

Stinky grass

(essential preparation of raw herbs)

[synonyms] wormwood (Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine annals), small herb (Guangxi plant list), Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the whole plant of Rutaceae.

[plant morphology] rutin

Perennial herbs, up to 1 meter high, with strong odor. The base is lignified, glabrous and glandular. Leaves alternate, 2-3 pinnate, 5-15 cm long, lobes obovate oblong, obovate or spatulate, 1-2 cm long, entire or slightly obtuse toothed. Cyme terminal or axillary; flowers golden yellow, about 1-2 cm in diameter; sepals 4-5, small, persistent; petals 4-5, edge thin tear shape; stamens 8-10, 4 opposite petals on petals, 4 opposite sepals long, oblique exposed, all stamens juxtaposed and equal in full bloom; carpel 3-5, upper part free; disk glandular point. Capsule 4-5-locular, dehiscent at maturity. Seeds reniform, black. It blooms in spring.

It is widely cultivated in the south of China.

[collection] harvest from June to July and dry in the shade.

[chemical constituents] the whole herb contains volatile oil, including nonanone-2, undecanone-2, nonanol-2, undecanol-2 and their acetate, cineole, α - and β - pinene, linalool, camphene, camphorene, limonene, paracymene, etc. It also contains alkaloids: rutin, vanilline, konjac alkaloid, 6-methoxydictamnine, cassiminocarpine, kaempferine, γ - piperine, rutinine, rutin acridone, n-methyl-polatdesmin, ribatidine, rutinidine and their quaternary ammonium ions, 2 - (4 - (3,4-methyldioxybenzyl) butyl) - 4-quinolone, etc. It also contains flavonoids rutin

And coumarins: Bergamot lactone, psoralen, zanthoxylin, umbelliferide, scopoletin, isosaxifrage, rutin horse throw, rutin Kuting, rutin throw, isoapigenin B, pandagonin.

The root contains alkaloids: rutin acridone diol and its methyl ether, rutin acridone chloride, rutin acridone alcohol chloride. It also contains coumarins: rutinolide and its methyl ether, racemosin, dimethylallyl deaceticin, zanthoxylin a, baidanggui, rutinol, indirubin, indirubin, subenone, rutinol, rutinokuting and savinin. It also contains Rhein (see "Pharmacology").

(1) antispasmodic effect

The results showed that the total alkaloids contained in the whole herb could relieve the spasm of isolated rabbit ileum (barium chloride induced spasm of isolated rabbit ileum). The strongest alkaloid was sanguinarine, followed by zanthoxyline and a kind of waroline alkaloid, followed by konjac and vanilline, and the potency was equivalent to papaverine. Total alkaloids also had antispasmodic effect on rat sphincter of Yue, but the effects of Yinyu alkaloid and γ - Yajiao alkaloid were weak. Folk antispasmodic agents are mainly due to the coumarins, such as bergamot lactone, a blue fluorescent unknown substance, zanthoxylin, volatile oil and so on. Psoralen, isosaxifragin, isoapigenin B, coumarin furan (chemical structure is not determined) and aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives all have antispasmodic effects on rabbit ileum. The antispasmodic effect of the mixture of dictamnine, capsaicin, konjac and Vanillin on rats and guinea pigs was stronger than that of single component.

② The effect on the uterus

The water extract of the seeds can excite the isolated uterus of guinea pigs. The component causing abortion is volatile oil, which is directly acting on the uterine muscle fibers. Abortion of pregnant women often causes death or serious reaction, so some people think that abortion is the result of systemic poisoning. The contractions of uterus induced by oxytocin in rats were enhanced by konjac alkaloid, but weakened by dictamnine and Yajiao alkaloid. Scopolamine has antispasmodic effect on isolated or in situ rat uterus contraction induced by drugs or hormones. Psoralen can antagonize the effect of estrogen on immature female rabbits, but has a weak synergistic effect with progesterone; it has also been reported that psoralen has no effect on the sexual cycle of female rats, but can inhibit the spermatogenesis of rats. The mixture of epichlorohydrin, dictamnine and piperine can reduce the effect of epinephrine on the seminal vesicles of guinea pigs.

③ Effect on skin

Bergamot lactone, psoralen and zanthoxylin can cause photoallergy; that is to say, injection or oral administration of these substances, followed by long wave ultraviolet or sunlight irradiation, can make the skin redness and swelling, pigment increase, and even epidermal thickening; in particular, zanthoxylin can be used to treat vitiligo (oral 10-40 mg daily, or injection 20 mg, local mercury injection) Light or sunlight, such as half a month to several months). Furan and coumarin have no photosensitive effect, they must be combined into a linear ring, and a complete lactone ring is also necessary. Among them, zanthoxylin and psoralen are the most effective. For those who are effective in treating baidianfeng, the content of RNA and DNA in local skin is increased, and the pigment in local skin is increased. It has been proved that tyrosinase activity is enhanced and melanin is increased in toads. It has also been proved that zanthoxylin can increase the level of serum copper in rats (the formation of melanin requires copper enzyme, tyrosinase). These substances have no photooxidation effect on plasma protein, but can absorb ultraviolet light. It has been reported that zanthoxylin has a protective effect on the damage caused by "sunlight radiation". Taking zanthoxylin for a long time, the thicker the keratinized layer of skin is, the denser it is, and the more tolerant it is to sunlight radiation. There is no serious side effect after oral administration. There is a certain relationship between sunlight radiation and skin cancer. It has been reported that intraperitoneal injection of zanthoxylin can increase skin cancer induced by ultraviolet radiation in mice, but oral administration has a protective effect The protective effect of oral administration has not been confirmed. In vitro, these substances can kill tumor cells.

④ Anti microbial effect

Furanocoumarins also have photosensitive effects on bacteria: in the presence of these substances, as in the case of exposure, bacteria can die, and these compounds generally have no antibacterial effect. In vitro, psoralen and zanthoxylin (100 μ g / ml) had inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Umbelliferide had antibacterial effect on Brucella. Psoralen could inactivate some DNA viruses and RNA viruses when used together with ultraviolet.

⑤ Other functions

Coumarin furan and tangerine have anti-inflammatory and anti histamine effects. Isosaxifragin has moderate protective effect on experimental ulcer in rats. Konjac alkaloid has paralytic effect on muscles, which can cause progressive decrease of blood pressure in mammals.

[toxicity] the volatile oil contained in Choerospondias odora has bad smell and irritation. It can cause burning sensation, redness and blistering when used on the skin. If taken orally, it can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting, exhaustion, unconsciousness and convulsion. It can cause liver degeneration and parenchymal nephritis in lower animals. It has been reported that a large amount of zanthoxylin can aggravate diabetes in individual cases, but animal experiments can not confirm this theory (after oral administration of 200-800 mg / kg to rats, the contents of blood sugar and glutathione have no significant change within 24-48 hours). After oral administration of 30 mg daily for 3 months, the changes of liver function were within the normal range. A single dose of 400 mg / kg can cause death in guinea pigs, which is due to the hemorrhage of adrenal gland; in addition, there are turbid swelling of liver, steatosis, acute hemorrhage and necrosis, severe stasis of kidney and hematuria. Long term administration (1-2 mg / kg, 5 months) can cause liver necrosis in young guinea pigs without affecting their growth. A large number of toads and rats injected with psoralen can cause tetanic paroxysmal convulsions and die of respiratory arrest. In chronic test, the poisoned animals have gastrointestinal irritation, adrenal and spleen bleeding, liver cirrhosis, etc. psoralen is given orally to dogs 15 mg / kg for 15-60 days, and rats 100-200 mg / kg for 17 days or 33 mg / kg for 60 days. Lethal dose can cause malnutrition in heart and brain of mice, increase the activities of touch enzyme, dehydrogenase and peroxidase in viscera, skin and muscle of rats, increase liver and stagnate blood; injection of 25 mg / kg can reduce blood glucose of rabbits. The median lethal dose of psoralen (mg / kg) was 625 for mice and 480 for subcutaneous injection, and 1330 for rats and 830 for subcutaneous injection. The median lethal doses of zanthoxylin and bergamot lactone were 160 and 945 mg / kg, respectively. The median lethal dose (mg / kg) to mice was 150-250 for dictamnine, piperine, Yinyu and vanilline, 45 for rutin and 75-140 for other alkaloids.

It also contains rutin, quercetin, quercetin and rhein. Its pharmacology can be seen in "sophora flower" and "rhubarb".

Bitter, pungent and cold.

① "Raw herbal medicine nature preparation": bitter taste, cold nature. "

② "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "bitter, pungent, cold. "

Functions and indications: dispelling wind, reducing fever, diuresis, promoting blood circulation, detoxification and detumescence. It is used to treat cold, fever, rheumatism, bone pain, infantile convulsion, adverse urination, diarrhea, hernia, amenorrhea, traumatic injury, fever, sore and eczema.

① "Preparation of raw herbal medicine nature": "eliminate all kinds of toxic swelling, disperse big sores, and manage snake wounds. "

② "Nanning drug records": "antipyretic Qufeng, diuretic detumescence. It is used to treat fever, convulsion, rheumatism and bone pain in children. "

③ "Records of Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine": "treat malaria, fever, sore and all injuries. External application of centipede bite. "

④ "Chinese medicine plant atlas": "treatment of dysmenorrhea, colic. "

⑤ "List of Guangxi plants": "dispelling wind and detoxification, cooling blood and dispersing blood stasis. Treatment of cold, fever, irregular menstruation, bleeding, toothache, furuncle

Chinese PinYin : Chou Cao