Wutong tree

Wutong tree

(Wang Lianshi's book of collecting herbs)

Wutong, Wutong, Haizhou (Changshan), Hai Tong ("Fang Fang Pu"), "odorant" ("Fang Fang Pu"), "Lotus" ("Bai Cao mirror"), "phoenix tree" ("health experience collection"), autumn leaves, star anise (Wang Lian Shi "medicine collection book"), Feng Yan Zi ("ask the materia medica"), Paulownia (China tree classification), catalpa leaf Changshan (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine), dwarf Tung seed, Yan Tong Chinese medicine and plant records.

[source] the tender branches and leaves of Verbena Wutong.

[plant morphology] Wutong

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, about 3 m or more high. Stem erect, surface gray white, lenticels small and many, brown; young branches with square, surface Brown pubescence. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate to elliptic, 7-15 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate to truncate, entire or undulate toothed; upper green, lower light green, veins pinnate, lateral veins 3-5 pairs, both sides white pubescent when young, upper smooth when old; petiolate. Cyme, terminal or axillary; long stalked; flowers numerous, odorous; calyx reddish, lower connate, middle expanded, upper 5-lobed, lobes ovate to ovate oblong; corolla white or cunningly red, lower connate into tubules, apex 5-lobed, lobes oblong; stamens 4, filaments extended; ovary incomplete 4-locular, style extended, stigma bifurcated. Drupe, outer persistent calyx, skin blue and juicy. The flowering period is from August to September. The fruit period is from September to October.

Born in roadside, valley, mountain and stream. It is widely distributed from Hebei to Zhejiang and Fujian in the South and Hubei and Sichuan in the West.

The flowers Wutong, fruit (Wutong Zi), root (smelly Wu Tonggen), and root bark rind (ferulic) are also used for medicinal purposes.

[collection] collect after flowering in August to October, or before flowering in June to July, cut flower branches and leaves, bind them into bundles and dry them in the sun.

[herb] the dry branchlets are round or slightly square, brown, with yellow punctate lenticels, densely pubescent. The leaves are opposite, broadly ovate or even elliptic, grayish green on the top and yellowish green on the back, pubescent. The leaves are mostly shrunk, curled or broken; the petioles are densely pubescent. Flowers are mostly withered, yellowish brown, with long stalks and stamens protruding outside the corolla; for those that have set seeds, the calyx is persistent, withered yellow, with a fruit inside, grayish brown, triangular ovate, with wrinkled texture, the quality of branches and leaves is brittle and easy to break, the cross section of branchlets is yellowish white, with white pith in the center and yellowish separation in the pith. It has a peculiar odor, bitter and astringent. It is better to have dry branches, green leaves and no impurities.

It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui and other places.

[chemical constituents] the leaves contain Haizhou changshansu, mesoinositol, alkaloid and robiniacin-7-diglucuronate. Two bitter components were isolated.

This Wutong contains Wutong a, B, Haizhou Changshan bitter A and Haizhou Changshan bitter element.

(1) antihypertensive effect

Wutong has antihypertensive effects on anesthetized or unanesthetized rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and renovascular hypertensive rats and dogs. Water extract and decoction were the most effective, followed by flow extract, ethanol, ether and chloroform were ineffective. Intramuscular, intravenous and oral administration can reduce blood pressure. The hot extract and its extract (precipitated by alkalization of hot extract and calcium chloride) showed two degrees of hypotensive effect after intravenous injection in dogs. The first degree of hypotensive effect was strong and short, which occurred immediately after injection, recovered in 30-60 minutes, and the second degree of hypotensive effect was mild and lasting. Intramuscular injection and oral administration only caused the second degree of hypotensive effect, which could last for 2-3 hours, Oral administration was ineffective. The first hypotensive effect may not be the unique effect of Haizhou Changshan, and it seems to have no practical significance in treatment. The hypotensive effect of the leaves collected before flowering was better than that of the leaves collected after flowering. The hypotensive effect of the leaves collected during fruiting or the leaves aged every other year was very little. Heating too high for too long also reduces the effectiveness. If combined with earthworm, it has synergistic effect on reducing blood pressure.

As for the antihypertensive principle of this product, it was initially thought that it was mainly caused by direct dilation of blood vessels, and the blocking of ganglion also had a certain effect. Some people think that it is mainly caused by stimulation of intravascular receptors through central hypotension (cross circulation and procaine block test) and decreased excitability of vascular motor center. Others believe that all the above factors play a role. It is suggested that the vasodilation and vasodilation of the ganglion may be closely related to the vasodilation of the first ganglion. The second degree of hypotension is probably caused by the central nervous system above the spinal cord, which may be related to some internal receptors.

② Other functions

Haizhou Changshan decoction can sedate mice slightly by oral administration or intraperitoneal injection, but it also has analgesic effect. Wutong a has obvious sedative effect, but Wutong has obvious analgesic effect, but the two are not the main components of the antihypertensive in the original plant.

Zhentong mixture (1:1 water decoction or alcohol extract of Haizhou Changshan and Bidens bipinnata) was given to rats orally with 20 g crude drug / kg once a day for 5 days. It has obvious inhibition on formaldehyde or egg white arthritis, which is equivalent to sodium salicylate (300 mg / kg) injected intraperitoneally every day. Xitong pill is made from Haizhou Changshan and Herba Siegesbeckiae with a ratio of 2:1, which also has similar effect. But the above three drugs have no obvious effect. Steroids and total alkaloids isolated from Zhentong mixture are also effective on the above experimental arthritis, but the dosage required is too large, so it seems that they are not the main effective components in the original plant.

[toxicity] little toxicity. Oral administration of water decoction above 10 g / kg caused vomiting in dogs, but not below 10 g / kg. Taking 10 g / kg daily for 3 weeks, there were no significant changes in liver function (b.s.p. clearance test), hemogram, electrocardiogram and pathological examination of heart, liver and kidney. The rats were intragastrically infused with 0.25-2.5 g / kg hot extract for 60 days. Except for the increase of drinking water, the decrease of activity and the thinning of stool in some rats, there was no other serious toxicity. The median lethal dose of hot extract was 19.4 g / kg and the extract was 0.98 g / kg. The rats were intragastrically administered with 150 g / kg hot extract and 17 g / kg extract (equivalent to 300 g / kg crude drug). No death was found within 72 hours. Hematuria and proteinuria were found in a few cats, which may have some effect on the kidney.

[processing] remove weeds, soak them in water, moisten them thoroughly, cut them into 1cm long pieces, dry them in the sun and use them as raw materials.

[nature and taste] Modern Practical Chinese medicine: "the taste is bitter and sweet. "

[function indications] dispel wind dampness and lower blood pressure. For rheumatism, hemiplegia, hypertension, migraine, malaria, dysentery, hemorrhoids, carbuncle, gangrene, scabies.

① Ben Cao Tu Jing: "treating malaria. "

② According to the compendium of compendium, those who wash goose palms, all sores and scabies, fry soup to wash sweat spots, and wet ham swelling for a long time, let Lu Zi soak in wine. It can cure all kinds of rheumatism, stop hemorrhoids and swelling, fry and take it, cure acne, mash it to make cakes, and add tung oil paste“

③ "Lingnan caiyao Lu" says: "treat all carbuncle and gangrene, smash it. "

④ "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "treatment of warm malaria, phlegm in the chest, all rheumatism, limb vein congestion, Xiaogu, Zhili. "

⑤ Common Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai: "dispel wind and dampness, relieve pain and lower blood pressure. "

[usage and dosage] take orally, decoct soup, 3-5 yuan (1-2 Liang fresh): soak wine or put it into pill or powder, external use: decoct and wash, grind and mix or tamp.

[selection] men who feel sick or drink to take wind can cause pain and pain in their feet, unable to walk or stumble, and not lift up: Wutong (flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds can be taken, chopped, dried and ground), a pound of grass, fried grass, and 82. On the two flavors and even, refining honey pills such as Tung big. Sooner or later, I will give you four dollars in white soup. Avoid eating pig liver, sheep blood, etc. Or only use 22 of the Wutong tree, decoct soup, drink with wine, take ten doses, or decoct soup to wash your hands. (health preserving experience collection: juantong pill)

2. Half a limb of the wind: Wutong leaves and stem, sun drying mill, a total of two Jin, with a pound of white honey for pills. Early under the water, late under the wine, every service three money. (collection of compendium)

3. Treat rheumatism, bone pain and hypertension: Wutong one or two yuan, fry clothes; each powder is served one time, three times a day. It can also be used with Herba siegesbeckii. (commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai)

Cure half the headache: Sichuan pepper five, and Wutong leaf 22. First, stir fry the Tung leaves yellow, then add the pepper, sprinkle the hot wine in the pot, mix them, roll them in the silk, and stick them in the pain; eat a bowl of hot wine, take the quilt and sleep, sweating. (collection of compendium)

Cure all internal and external hemorrhoids: seven pieces of Wutong leaves, seven branches of Wutong, and three yuan of nitrate. Fried soup, smoked and washed. (collection of compendium)

Treat eczema or prickly heat: Wutong is well understood, decocting soup to bathe. (commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai)

[clinical application] ① treatment of hypertension

Wutong has a gentle and lasting antihypertensive effect and relieves symptoms of hypertension. It can restore cardiac function and fight arteriole spasm. According to the results of ten to hundreds of cases, the total effective rate of antihypertensive was 56.69-81.4%. Combined with the application of earthworm, the curative effect has been improved, and the effective rate can reach more than 81%. In general, significant hypotension appeared later after taking medicine, and most of them began to decrease significantly in the fourth and fifth week. After the blood pressure drops, if the drug is stopped, the blood pressure can rise rapidly within 1-2 weeks; if a small maintenance dose is given, the blood pressure can often be maintained at the reduced level. Clinical symptoms

Chinese PinYin : Chou Wu Tong