Chinese atractylodes

Chinese atractylodes

(Zheng Lei Ben Cao)

[synonyms] red Atractylodes (Tao Hongjing), thistle (shuowenjiyzhuan), green Atractylodes (Zhang Guan's Shuinan Han Ji), and immortal Atractylodes (compendium).

[source] rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes lancea.

[plant morphology] Atractylodes lancea

Perennial herbs, 30-80 cm high. The rhizome is thick and irregular. Stem single, round and longitudinally ribbed, slightly branched at the upper part. The leaves are alternate, leathery and thick; the leaves in the lower part of the stem are mostly 3-lobed, the apex of the lobes is sharp, the tip is 1, the lobes are larger, ovate, the base is cuneate, sessile and slightly embracing the stem; the leaves in the upper part of the stem are ovate lanceolate to elliptic, about 4 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, sessile, and the leaf margin has spiny teeth. It's dark green on the top and slightly powdery on the bottom. The head inflorescence is terminal, about 2 cm in diameter; the total receptacle is sessile, with leaflike and pinnatifid spiny bracts; the involucre is 6-8-layered, lanceolate, membranous, green on the back, purple on the edge, with fine ciliate hairs; the receptacle is flat, with many flowers; bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers are different; bisexual flowers have many long featherlike hairs; the Corolla is tubular, white, sometimes reddish purple, and the apex is 5-lobed The ovary is hypogynous, long columnar, densely white pilose, style slender, stigma 2-lobed. Unisexual flowers are usually female flowers, with 5 linear staminodes. The staminodes are completely separated, the apex is slightly curled, and the rest are the same as bisexual flowers. Achenes oblong, ca. 5 mm, brownish yellow pilose. The flowering period is from August to October. The fruit period is from September to October.

Most of them grow on dry hillside. It is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong and other places.

② Atractylodes lancea, also known as: Atractylodes lancea, spearhead vegetables, thorn vegetables.

Perennial herbs, 30-50 cm high. Rhizome hypertrophy, nodular. The leaves of the lower part of the stem are spatulate, mostly 3-5-pinnate, deeply notched, apex obtuse, base cuneate and slightly embracing the stem; the leaves of the upper part of the stem are ovate lanceolate to elliptic, 3-5-pinnately lobed to undivided, and the leaf margin has hard spines. The inflorescence is about 1 cm in diameter; the basal leaflike bracts are lanceolate, and the margin is long pectinate; the involucre bracts are mostly 5-6 layers; the Corolla is tubular, white, the apex is 5-lobed, and the lobes are long ovate; the staminode apex is round, not curly. Achenes densely with upward silvery white hairs. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from August to October.

It grows in hillside shrubs and arid places. Distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places.

In addition, the following plants of the same genus are sometimes used as Atractylodes lancea in a few areas. One east Atractylodes, also known as: Guan Atractylodes. Herbs perennial, up to 70 cm tall. Rhizome hypertrophy, nodular. The petiole is 2.5-3 cm long; the lower leaves of the stem are 3-5-feathered, the lateral lobes are oblong, obovate or elliptic, the apex is short and pointed, the marginal spines are flat or curved, the apical lobes are large; the upper leaves of the stem are 3-lobed to undivided. The inflorescence is 1-1.5 cm in diameter, with 2 rows of leaflike bracts at the base, deeply pinnate; involucral bracts are 7-8 layers, apex purplish; corolla tubular, white. Achene oblong, dense upward silver white hairs, corolla pinnate, grayish brown. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from August to September. It is distributed in the northeast of China. 2. Atractylodes lancea, the leaves at the apex of stem extend beyond the flowers at the apex, and the bracts under the head have pectinate spines at the margin. It is distributed in Northeast China. Atractylodes Trifolium, leaves undivided, oblong, apex obtuse, entire. It is distributed in North China and Northeast China. The leaves of Atractylodes lancea are 5-7-lobed, with sharp lobes and irregular serrated margins. It is distributed in Chifeng, Northeast China. The leaves of Atractylodes lancea var. liaotungensis are long ovate, slightly small, hard, entire; the leaflike bracts under the capitulum are mostly dense. It is distributed in Liaodong Peninsula.

[collection] both in spring and autumn, and autumn is better. After digging out the rhizomes, remove the residual stems, fibrous roots and soil, and dry them in the sun.

(1) Atractylodes lancea

It is the dry rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. It is cylindrical, beaded, jointed, curving, about 3-10 cm long and 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown with root marks and short fibrous roots, and residual stem marks can be seen. Solid quality, flat fracture surface, yellow white, with obvious brown red oil glands scattered, commonly known as "cinnabar point". If the section is exposed for a long time, fine needle like crystals like white mold can be precipitated, with fragrant gas, slightly sweet and hard taste. It is better to have a large, solid, hairless, with cinnabar spots inside, and the section is frosty after incision.

It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Hubei and Henan. In addition, it is also produced in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. The best quality is produced in Maoshan area of Jiangsu Province, so it is called "maoshu" or "Maoshan Atractylodes". Those distributed in Nanjing are also called "jingmaoshu" and "jingcangshu". It is produced in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, mainly distributed in Hankou, so it is also called "Atractylodes lancea",

② Atractylodes lancea

It is the dry rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. It is cylindrical, often divergent or lumpy, irregularly curved, about 4-10 cm long and 1.5-3 cm in diameter. Most of the cork has been removed, and there are many round stem bases or stem marks, or there are hairy buds attached, and there are small root abscission marks or short small root attached below. The surface is brown and rough. Light weight, easy to break, fibrous section, very uneven. The section is yellowish white with scattered reddish yellow or yellow oil glands and obvious wood fiber bundles. The air is fragrant and the taste is slightly hard. It is better to have a big, solid, hairless and fragrant one. Compared with Atractylodes lancea var. nanensis, this species is light-weight, with less oil glands, no white mold like crystals on the cut section, and weak aroma. The quality is inferior to that of Atractylodes lancea.

It is mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. In addition, it is also produced in Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. Most of them are distributed in Tianjin, so they are called "jincangshu".

[chemical constituents] the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains about 5-9% volatile oil. The main components of the oil are atractylol, curculigosol, β - eucalyptol, etc.

The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains 1.5% volatile oil, and its main components are atractylol, atractylone, Curcumol and eucalyptol.

The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains 1.5% volatile oil, and its main components are atractylol, curculinol, β - eucalyptol, atractylofuran and atractylone.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on blood glucose

In the early years, it was reported that the extract of Atractylodes lancea (equivalent to crude drug 6 g / kg) could reduce the blood sugar of rabbits, but it was not confirmed. After oral administration or subcutaneous injection of 8 g / kg decoction or alcohol extract, the blood glucose of normal rabbits tended to rise slightly. The same results were obtained by intragastric administration of 10 g / kg decoction, but the blood glucose of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits increased slightly and then decreased to below the level before administration, but the difference was not obvious. After 10 days of daily administration, the blood glucose decreased continuously, and the difference was significant (from 401 to 160 mg%). The blood glucose did not rise to the pre medication level 4-17 days after drug withdrawal.

② Other functions

The decoction of Atractylodes lancea (10-40 g / kg) has no diuretic effect, but it can excrete sodium, potassium and chlorine. Although the compound Qi exhaust Decoction (Atractylodes lancea, Magnolia officinalis, Taiwu, aloes, Costus cantonensis, stir fried malt and Pericarpium cantonensis) containing Atractylodes lancea has no effect on isolated rabbit intestines, it can stimulate intestinal peristalsis in the intestines of dogs in situ, whether by gavage or intravenous injection. A small amount of Atractylodes extract was injected intravenously, which caused a slight increase of blood pressure in rabbits, but a large amount of Atractylodes extract decreased blood pressure; it had inhibitory effect on isolated toad heart; it also had inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit duodenum; it had weak effect on lower limb blood vessels of toad.

The results showed that Atractylodes lancea and Artemisia argyi leaf fumigation (4 liang for each 6 m3 laboratory, fumigation for 2 hours) had significant sterilization effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, similar to formalin, but better than ultraviolet and lactic acid disinfection.

[processing] cangshui: remove impurities, soak in water until 70% or 80% transparent, remove, moisten, slice and dry. Stir fry Atractylodes lancea: take the Atractylodes lancea slice, spray it with rice swill, stir fry it in a pot with gentle fire until yellowish; or take the picked Atractylodes lancea slice, soak it with rice swill, take it out, heat it in a cage, steam it thoroughly, take it out, slice it and dry it.

① The Compendium: "Atractylodes lancea is dry, so soak glutinous rice swill to remove its oil, slice and bake it, and stir fry it with fat and hemp to make it dry. "

② "Herbal shugouyuan": "Atractylodes macrocephala, rice swill soak very clean, scrape off the skin, mix with black beans steaming. Steamed with honey wine and steamed with human milk, both moisten and keep dry. When steaming for three times, it must be dried very dry, and the air will be transparent. "

Hard work, warm.

① Ben Cao Yan Yi: "the smell is strong. "

② Pearl bag: "Gan Xin. "

③ Jinghui Jingyao: "bitter and sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and stomach channels.

① "Pearl bag": Foot Yangming, Taiyin. "

② The compendium of Chinese medicine: "enter into the Taiyin and Yangming, hand Taiyin and Taiyang scriptures. "

③ New edition of materia medica: "enter Yangming and taiyangjing. "

④ In Bencao Zaixin: "entering the spleen and liver meridians. "

Functions and indications: invigorate the spleen, dry dampness, relieve depression and dispel filth. It is used to treat dampness, spleen stagnation, fatigue, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, malaria, phlegm, edema, seasonal cold, wind cold and dampness, foot flaccidity, night blindness.

① Tao Hongjing: "get rid of evil spirit. "

② Liu Wansu: "clear eyes, warm water, dirty.". "

③ "Zhenzhu capsule" says: "it can strengthen the stomach and calm the spleen. "

④ Li Gao: "dehumidification and sweating, invigorating the stomach and spleen, and treating flaccidity need medicine. "

⑤ Zhu Zhenheng: "dispersing wind and replenishing qi can relieve all kinds of depression. "

⑥ According to the compendium of Medical Sciences, "it can be used to treat dampness and retain phlegm, or form a nest with blood stasis, and the spleen dampness flows down, the turbid fluid flows down, and the intestinal wind slides down. "

⑦ Yucatalpa medicine solution: "dry soil and promote diuresis, drain water and eliminate phlegm, promote blood stasis, open depression, remove leakage, remove ringworm, remove hundred, manage swallowing acid, remove decay, ward off mountain and river malaria, recover the weakness of muscles and bones, clear the turbidity of drowning. "

⑧ Seeking the origin of Materia Medica

Chinese PinYin : Cang Shu