Tibetan eggplant

Tibetan eggplant

(selected Chinese herbal medicines of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia)

[synonym] Tamarix camphora, Tamarix tangchuannabao (Tibetan name).

[source] it is the root and seed of the Solanaceae plant scopolamine tanguticum.

[plant morphology] scopoletin tanguticum

Perennial herbs, 50-130 cm high. The roots are cylindrical or conical, thick and long. The stem is cylindrical, erect, tufted, with longitudinal furrows and branches in the middle and upper parts. The stem leaves are ovate or long ovate, 5-20 cm long and 4-16 cm wide, apex acute, margin undulate or dentate, few serrate small spines, Tricholoma below and on the vein, petiole 1-3 cm long, hairy. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, purplish brown; calyx campanulate, 3.5 cm long, apex margin with irregular shallow 5-cleft teeth, 10 obvious veins, inflated after fruiting; corolla campanulate, slightly longer than calyx, covered with white pubescence, 3-3.5 cm in diameter, apex 5-lobed, retrovolved; stamen 5, inserted at the base of corolla; pistil 1. Capsule globose, middle ring split, about 1.5-3 cm in diameter, enclosed in persistent woody calyx. Seeds round, slightly flat, brown.

Born on the roadside, ditch, under the forest. It is distributed in Qinghai and Gansu. Sichuan, Tibet.

[collection] roots: from September to October, they are dug, washed, peeled and fibrous roots removed, sliced, dried in the sun, ground, processed and reserved. Seed: harvested when the fruit is ripe.

[medicinal materials] ① the dry roots are cylindrical or conical, and the top rhizomes are thick and short with longitudinal grooves. The diameter of main root is about 3-5.6 cm, the outer surface is brown or dark brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and root marks. It is hard and brittle, and there is dust flying when it is broken. The section is yellowish white or grayish brown, with radial small cracks and concentric rings. Powdery, odorless, bitter taste.

② Seeds round and slightly flat, brown, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick, with verrucous protuberance on the surface, umbilicus slightly invaginated. It's odorless, oily and bitter.

It is produced in Tibet.

[chemical composition] it contains anisodamine. In addition, there are anisodine, amantadine, colchicine, coumarin, tropine and other alkaloids in the roots. Among them, the highest content of Honggu bean alkaloid was followed by scopolamine, and the lowest was scopolamine.

The alkaloids in leaves and stems were 0.582%, 0.587%, 1.730% and 1.56% respectively.

[pharmacological action] ① central action

Anisodamine is a structural analogue of atropine with similar effects. The central effect of atropine is 6 times or even more than 20 times weaker than that of atropine (EEG activity of non anesthetized cats, avoidance conditioned reflex of rats and the effect of defibrillator on mice, etc.). In general, it has obvious effect on animal behavior. Some animals are quieter or even sleepy than before administration, and there is little behavioral excitement similar to atropine in large doses.

② Peripheral function and toxicity

Anisodamine has obvious peripheral anticholinergic and antispasmodic effects. It can resist the contraction of isolated rat ileum, rat and cat bladder smooth muscle induced by acetylcholine and the decrease of blood pressure in anesthetized cat. Its effect is slightly weaker or similar to that of atropine. It can also reduce the tension of small intestine in eutopic cat and rabbit, and its effect intensity is similar to that of atropine. The inhibition of salivary secretion (pilocarpine injection in dogs) was about 20 times weaker than that of atropine. The effect of dilating pupil (rabbit and mouse) is about 10 times weaker than atropine. It can antagonize or alleviate the toxic symptoms caused by various organophosphorus agents (profuofos, trichlorfon, E-605) in mice, and increase the median lethal dose of organophosphorus compounds with the same action intensity as atropine. The acute toxicity of atropine was lower than that of atropine. In terms of chronic toxicity, the dogs were injected subcutaneously with Anisodamine 2 mg / kg daily, and there were no changes in liver and kidney function and hemogram.

③ In vivo process

The results of rat experiment showed that the drug was not destroyed by gastrointestinal tract, and the "half dose disappearance time" of oral administration from gastrointestinal tract was 3.5 hours. In the human absorption experiment, according to the excretion of drugs in urine, the concentration of drugs in human tissues within 4 hours after oral administration of 30 mg may be similar to that of intramuscular injection of 10 mg. After intravenous injection, the drug quickly disappeared from the body, its "Half-Life" is 40 minutes, and its excretion rate from the kidney may be more than twice as fast as atropine, so it has no accumulation effect. After injection of the same dose, the content of anisodamine in plasma was lower than that of atropine. One third to one half of the drug can be excreted from the kidney 24 hours after intramuscular or intravenous injection, and more than half of the drug can be converted into invalid substance in the body. Clinically, it is used to rescue septic shock and treat some vascular and neurological diseases. The total alkaloids extracted from the aerial part are slightly less toxic than atropine, and can be used as a substitute for atropine.

[nature and taste] 1. Selected Chinese herbal medicines of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai: bitter, pungent, warm and poisonous. "

② "Tibetan Plateau medicine atlas": "Ganxin, warm, toxic. "

[function indications] analgesia, anesthesia, spasmolysis, detumescence.

① "Selected Chinese herbal medicine of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai": "it can relieve pain, relieve spasm and have anesthetic effect. "

② "Qinghai commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual": "Qingre Jiedu. "

③ "Qinghai Tibet Plateau medicine atlas": "it has the effect of anesthesia and analgesia. Treatment of viral sores. "

[usage and dosage] for internal use: prepare tincture and mixture for oral use, and for external use: mix and apply it at the end of research.

[prescription selection] 1. Pain caused by ulcers, acute and chronic gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, biliary ascariasis, cholelithiasis, etc: 100 grams of Tibetan eggplant root, ground, add 70% alcohol, and make Tibetan eggplant tincture according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (the same as belladonna tincture). Each time 0.6-1.5 ml, daily dose 2-4.5 ml. If the mixture: Tibetan eggplant tincture 60 ml, add water to 1000 ml. 10-15 ml each time, 2-3 times a day. (selected Chinese herbal medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai)

② Cure toothache: hide eggplant, grind thin. Fill the cavity. (selected Chinese herbal medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai)

③ Treatment of sore, furuncle, carbuncle, unknown swelling and poison: appropriate amount of Tanggu scopolamine, grind fine powder, mix appropriate amount of Vaseline to make ointment, and apply it to the affected area externally. (manual of common Chinese herbal medicine in Qinghai)

Chinese PinYin : Cang Qie